RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Collagenase II has been used to induce experimental keratoconus in animal models. However, its effect when administered by intrastromal injection has not been studied, so the purpose of this study was to study the effects of intrastromal injection of collagenase II on corneal surface and corneal morphology. METHODS: Six New Zealand rabbits were used, collagenase II was administered by intrastromal injection (5µL of 2.5mg/mL) in the right eyes and balanced salt solution in the left eyes. Keratometry was performed to evaluate curvature alteration, also at day 7 corneas were obtained and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed to examine morphologic changes. Likewise, changes in type I collagen expression were investigated by Sirius Red staining and semiquantitative PCR. RESULTS: K1, K2 and Km presented differences in the means with statistically significant changes. The morphological changes that were demonstrated were degradation and irregular arrangement of the corneal stroma, increase in the cellular density of keratocytes and slight cellular infiltration. Finally, it was demonstrated that there is greater expression of type I collagen fibers in the experimental group as opposed to the controls and the thickness of the fibers also increased due to the action of collagenase II, however, in terms of genetics there were no changes in the expression of type I collagen at molecular level between the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: Collagenase II administered by intrastromal injection is able to induce changes in the corneal surface and stroma, being able to simulate a model of keratoconus.

Asunto(s)

Queratocono , Conejos , Animales , Queratocono/tratamiento farmacológico , Colágeno Tipo I , Dilatación Patológica , Modelos Animales , Colagenasas

RESUMEN

Sodium selenite modulates the activity of lymphocytes. It negatively regulates the suppressive activity of cells and increases the immune response. In this study, we evaluated whether the regulatory T cell differentiation was modulated by sodium selenite. The percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD4+CD25+, and CD4+CTLA-4+ cells in CD4+ T cells cultures stimulated with IL-2 and TGF-ß in the presence or absence of selenium, in the form of sodium selenite (2.0×10-6M), were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of TET2/3 enzymes and IL-10 was analyzed by RT-qPCR and the levels of IL-10 were measured by an ELISA. We observed a decrease in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CTLA-4+ cells in presence of selenium. However, normal percentages were reached again after selenium removal. An increase in CD4+CTL4-4+ cells was detected in selenium-primed cell cultures in absence of IL-2 and TGF-ß. In addition, we observed a decrease in TET3 in presence of selenium. Finally, we observed an augment in IL-10 transcription and protein levels and relative expression of TET2 in cultures exposed to selenium. We suggest that selenium reversibly affects the regulatory T cell differentiation in vitro. Likewise, selenium may modulate Treg percentages promoting optimal immune responses and, at the same time, the expression of specific suppressor molecules.

Asunto(s)

Interleucina-10 , Selenio , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Selenito de Sodio/metabolismo , Antígeno CTLA-4/metabolismo , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/genética , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Asbestos has been used by automobile, construction, manufacturing, power, and chemical industries for many years due to its particular properties, i.e. high tensile strength, non-flammable, thermal and electrical resistance and stability, and chemical resistance. However, such a mineral causes harmful effects to human health, including different types of cancer (e.g., mesothelioma). As a result, the use of asbestos has been banned since the 1980s in many countries. Nonetheless, asbestos is still part of the daily life of the population as asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are still present in many buildings constructed and renovated before the 1990s. This work aims to present a current literature review about asbestos. The literature review was composed mainly of research articles published in international journals from the medical and engineering disciplines to provide an overview of asbestos use effects reported in interdisciplinary areas. The literature review comprised asbestos characteristics and its relationship to the risks of human exposure, countries where asbestos use is permitted or banned, reducing asbestos in the built environment, and environmental impact due to use and disposal of asbestos. The main findings were that ACMs are still responsible for severe human diseases, particularly in areas where there is a lack of coordinated asbestos management plans, reduced awareness about asbestos health risks, or even a delay in the implementation of asbestos-ban. Such issues may be more prevailing in developing countries. The current research in many countries contemplates several methodologies and techniques to process ACMs into inert and recyclable materials. The identification and coordinated management of ACM hazardous waste is a significant challenge to be faced by countries, and its inadequate disposal causes severe risk of exposure to asbestos fibres. Based on this work, it was concluded that banning asbestos is indicated in all countries in the world.

Asunto(s)

Amianto , Mesotelioma , Exposición Profesional , Comercio , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Mesotelioma/epidemiología , Mesotelioma/etiología

RESUMEN

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a hypercoagulability associated to vascular thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity, is caused by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies such as lupus anticoagulant, anti-ß-2-glycoprotein 1, and/or anticardiolipin antibodies. In the obstetrical APS, antiphospholipid antibodies induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor by placental tissues and recruited neutrophils. Moreover, antiphospholipid antibodies activate the complement system which, in turn, induces a positive feedback leading to recruitment of neutrophils as well as activation of the placenta. Activation of these cells triggers myometrial contractions and cervical ripening provoking the induction of labor. In thrombotic and obstetrical APS, antiphospholipid antibodies activate endothelial cells, platelets, and neutrophils and they may alter the multimeric pattern and concentration of von Willebrand factor, increase the concentration of thrombospondin 1, reduce the inactivation of factor XI by antithrombin, increase the activation of factor XII, and reduce the activity of tissue plasminogen activator with the subsequent production of plasmin. All these effects result in less permeable clots, denser, thinner, and with more branched fibrin fibers which are more difficult to lysate. As a consequence, thrombosis, the defining clinical criterion of APS, complicates the clinical course of the patient.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome Antifosfolípido , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Coagulación Sanguínea , Células Endoteliales , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta , Embarazo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Numerous polymorphisms in candidate genes coding for haemostatic system proteins have been proposed as risk factors for thrombosis. METHODS: We performed a case-control study of consecutive ischaemic stroke survivors aged ≤45 years, treated at our neurology department from 2006 to 2014. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism identified the following polymorphisms: Thr325Ile and Ala147Thr in TAFI, 4G/5G in PAI-1, PLA1/A2 in platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, Glu298Asp in eNOS, and C677T in 5,10-MTHFR. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent risk of stroke. RESULTS: 204 cases and 204 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical and genetic variables associated with ischaemic stroke were hypertension (P=.03), tobacco use (P=.02), and the polymorphisms Glu298Asp (genotype: P=.001, allele frequency: P=.001) and C677T (genotype: P=.01); the Ala147Thr, Thr325IIe, 4G/5G, and PLA1/A2 mutations were not associated with ischaemic stroke. The 298Asp (P=.03) and T (P=.01) alleles, hypertension (P=.03), tobacco use (P=.01) and family history of stroke (P=.04) were identified as independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms Glu298Asp and C677T, affecting the eNOS and 5,10-MTHFR enzymes, respectively, and smoking, hypertension, and family history of stroke were associated with ischaemic stroke in young Mexican patients; this was not the case for the Thr325Ile, Ala147Thr, 4G/5G, and PLA1/A2 polymorphisms of the genes coding for fibrinolytic proteins and platelet receptors.

Asunto(s)

Isquemia Encefálica , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética

RESUMEN

Affectations of the opioid system have been related to exacerbated alcohol consumption. The objectives of this work were to assess whether a deficit of ß-endorphinergic neurons differentially affects alcohol intake in female rats with low (LC) and high alcohol consumption (HC), and to determine changes in the µ-opioid receptors (MOR) related to alcohol consumption and chronic exposure to alcohol in structures of the mesolimbic system. Female wild-type rats were selected according to their baseline alcohol intake levels and then exposed to chronic voluntary alcohol consumption after a single injection of either the vehicle or estradiol valerate (EV) to produce a ß-endorphin neuronal deficit. Changes in alcohol consumption and MOR expression levels were assessed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala (Amy) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) at 5 and 10 weeks after EV treatment. The LC rats increased alcohol intake from baseline to the initial weeks after EV treatment and this consumption remained stable throughout the studied period. In contrast, alcohol consumption increased steadily over time in the HC rats. The HC vehicle rats had a 38% higher MOR protein expression in the NAc than the LC vehicle rats. In addition, chronic alcohol consumption increased MOR expression in the Amy regardless of consumption level, whereas EV treatment produced a decrease in MOR expression in the VTA in all groups. These results suggest intrinsic differences in MOR expression related to alcohol consumption levels. Also, the EV treatment and chronic exposure to alcohol produced adaptive changes in MOR expression.

Asunto(s)

Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Amígdala del Cerebelo/metabolismo , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Endorfinas/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Núcleo Accumbens/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismo , Área Tegmental Ventral/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/metabolismo , Amígdala del Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endorfinas/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/administración & dosificación , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Núcleo Accumbens/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Opioides mu/efectos de los fármacos , Área Tegmental Ventral/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

In the present work, we report on the synthesis of peptide functionalized magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles in a simple microfluidic platform. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles and gold nanorods were selected for this study. Magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with peptide D1, which can bind selectively to toxic aggregates of the ß-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. Gold nanorods were functionalized with chitosan replacing the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to reduce the cytotoxic effect. The selected microfluidic strategy yields structures with plasmonic and magnetic properties in a nanostructure. Cytotoxic assays with SH-SY5Y cells demonstrate that nanoparticles obtained by microfluidics do not affect cell viability at the studied concentrations. Additionally, these magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles inhibit fibril formation demonstrating that the magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles obtained by microfluidics could be applied for a potential treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

RESUMEN

Gold nanorods (GNR) use has been proposed in medical applications because of their intrinsic photothermal properties. However, the presence of CTAB molecules adsorbed onto the surface of GNRs results in a highly cytotoxic GNR system. In this work we replace the CTAB molecules with a thiolated chitosan. Once chitosan coated GNRs (Chi-SH-GNR) were attained, a film of alginate (Alg-Chi-SH-GNR) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-Chi-SH-GNR) was deposited onto the surface of Chi-GNR by a layer-by-layer process. The photothermal conversion efficiency for the GNR systems was determined irradiating the GNRs suspended in aqua media with a CW 808nm diode laser (CNI, China). The cytotoxicity effect and the photothermal cellular damage of GNR systems were evaluated on a breast cancer cell line. Results show that polymer coats did not affect the transduction photothermal efficiency. Values around 50% were obtained for the different coated gold nanorods. The cytotoxicity of coated gold nanorods diminished significantly compared with those GNR stabilized with CTAB. The laser irradiation of cells treated with gold nanorods showed a decrease in their viability compared with the cells treated but no irradiated.

Asunto(s)

Nanotubos , Alginatos , Línea Celular Tumoral , China , Quitosano , Ácido Glucurónico , Oro , Ácidos Hexurónicos , Humanos , Alcohol Polivinílico

RESUMEN

Regulating mechanisms of fibrosis is an important goal in the treatment of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in promoting fibrosis in several organs has been well documented. However, the result of an AVP deficiency during liver fibrosis has not been reported. We herein study the effects of an AVP deficiency, which was induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL), on liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis reversion. Hamsters were intact (control) or underwent CCl4-induced cirrhosis, the latter animals divided into four groups: Cirrhotic, NIL-cirrhotic, Cirrhotic-reversion (R) and NIL-cirrhotic-R. Liver function, liver histopathology (including the fibrosis area and collagen types) and liver expression of MMP-13 and TIMP-2 were assessed. Results show that the AVP deficiency decreased the levels of alkaline phosphatase in serum and the expression of type I collagen and TIMP-2, and increased type III collagen deposition, MMP-13 expression and the size of regeneration nodules in NIL-cirrhotic and NIL-cirrhotic-R animals. A significantly greater recovery was found in the NIL-cirrhotic-R than the Cirrhotic-R group. We conclude that an AVP deficiency participates importantly in hamster liver regeneration by: 1) prompting the fibroblasts to produce type III collagen deposit, 2) influencing the activity of AP from bile duct cells, and 3) inhibiting TIMP-2 expression while favoring the fibrolytic activity of MMP-13.

Asunto(s)

Arginina Vasopresina/deficiencia , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Regeneración Hepática/fisiología , Animales , Tetracloruro de Carbono/toxicidad , Cricetinae , Hipofisectomía , Masculino

RESUMEN

Recién nacido de 37 semanas de edad gestacional, con antecedente materno de cuadro clínico compatible con infección por Zika en el primer trimestre de embarazo. Hallazgos en ultrasonido prenatal a las 22 semanas de edad gestacional de ventriculomegalia y calcificaciones intracraneales

Asunto(s)

Lactante , Síndrome , Virus Zika

RESUMEN

By using the principles behind phononic crystals, a periodic array of circular holes made along the polarization thickness direction of piezoceramic resonators are used to stop the planar resonances around the thickness mode band. In this way, a piezoceramic resonator adequate for operation in the thickness mode with an in phase vibration surface is obtained, independently of its lateral shape. Laser vibrometry, electric impedance tests and finite element models are used to corroborate the performances of different resonators made with this procedure. This method can be useful in power ultrasonic devices, physiotherapy and other external medical power ultrasound applications where piston-like vibration in a narrow band is required.

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasia in women and is responsible for approximately 13.8% of deaths per year for this gender. It has been suggested that JAK2, STAT3, and NF-κB gene expression is involved in this type of cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of bistriazole in these signaling pathways in patients with breast cancer and benign mammary lesions. The inhibitory concentration 50 of bistriazole was calculated in cell cultures of patients with benign lesions, Probit = 4.6 µM with IC = 95%. The study was performed by examining 63 women who submitted to mammary biopsies. Biopsies of the mammary lesions were performed, gene expression was determined, and cells were cultured in the presence of 4.6 µM bistriazole. We found that breast cancer is related to age greater than 50 (P ≤ 0.01), being overweight (P ≤ 0.023) and having a waist circumference larger than 80 cm (P ≤ 0.01). The gene expression of JAK2, STAT3, and NF-κB was higher in groups of patients with breast cancer, while SOCS3 expression was lower. After being exposed to bistriazole, the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 decreased, and the expression of SOCS3 and NF-κB increased. In conclusion, this molecule in development has an effect on the gene expression of JAK3 and STAT3; nevertheless, the lack of change in NF-κB indicates that it is not a regulator of inflammation, and therefore, more studies should be performed.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Propranolol/análogos & derivados , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Triazoles/farmacología , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Propranolol/farmacología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas , Proteínas Supresoras de la Señalización de Citocinas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

We studied the interethnic variation of the MMP-9 microsatellite in the Mestizo and Amerindian populations using blood samples collected from 435 healthy unrelated individuals from the Central Valley of Mexico. DNA samples were genotyped using the -90 (CA)12-27 repeat near the MMP transcriptional start site using capillary electrophoresis. Our data were compared with those from African, Asian, and European populations (N = 729). Both Mestizo and Amerindian populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ≥ 0.05). However, strong genetic heterogeneity was found within the Mestizo population (94%, P ≤ 0.0001), which exhibited the highest frequency of Amerindian, African, and European alleles. Likewise, Amerindians showed 6.7% variation among populations (P ≤ 0.0001), suggesting a genetic substructure potentially associated with linguistic affiliations. These findings were corroborated with principal component and population differentiation analyses, which showed relative proximity among the Mestizos and their historical parental populations: Asian (FST ≥ 0.05), European (FST ≥ 0.09), and African (FST ≥ 0.02). Nevertheless, important differences were found between Mestizo and Nahuas (P ≤ 0.0001), and between Mestizo and Me'Phaas (P ≤ 0.0001). These findings highlight the importance of determining local-specific patterns to establish the population variability of MMP-9 and other polymorphic markers. Validation of candidate markers is critical to identifying risk factors; however, this depends on knowledge of population genetic variation, which increases the possibility of finding true causative variants. We also show that dissimilar ethnic backgrounds might lead to spurious associations. Our study provides useful considerations for greater accuracy and robustness in future genetic association studies.

Asunto(s)

Población Negra/genética , Variación Genética , Indígenas Norteamericanos/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Alelos , Análisis de Varianza , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genética de Población/métodos , Genotipo , Geografía , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , México , Análisis de Componente Principal , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: In coxarthrosis pain relief and the restoration of function including leg length are achieved with total hip arthroplasty. Sometimes achieving stability makes it impossible to achieve equal leg length. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of pelvic limb length discrepancy, its effect on function and its emotional effect in a group of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 252 patients with a diagnosis of grade IV coxarthrosis were assessed. They underwent unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty with a direct lateral approach; 190 were uncemented and 162 hybrid. Limb length was measured from the anterosuperior iliac crest to the medial malleolus of both legs. Patients were divided into four groups depending on leg length discrepancy: A) equal length; B) less than 10 mm; C) more than 10 mm, and D) more than 20 mm. RESULTS: A total of 252 arthroplasties were performed in 252 patients; 194 females (76.98%) and 58 males (23.01%). In 115 patients (45.63%) had a discrepancy < 10 mm; 71 patients (28.17%) > 10 mm; 60 patients (23.80%) did not have length discrepancy, and six patients had > 20 mm of discrepancy with lengthening of the operated limb. CONCLUSIONS: Length discrepancy of the operated limb is reported in the literature. It is a common outcome of primary total hip arthroplasty, and is usually < 10 mm, as reported in world literature.

Asunto(s)

Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Diferencia de Longitud de las Piernas/etiología , Artralgia/etiología , Artralgia/prevención & control , Emociones , Femenino , Objetivos , Humanos , Incidencia , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/prevención & control , Diferencia de Longitud de las Piernas/epidemiología , Diferencia de Longitud de las Piernas/psicología , Masculino , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Recuperación de la Función , Técnicas de Sutura

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Gout is the symptom caused by the response to monosodium urate crystals that develop due to hyperuricemia; it is the most frequent inflammatory arthropathy in males over age 40. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the diagnosis as an arthroscopic finding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The case of a male, 39 year-old patient without a relevant medical history whose illness started with left knee trauma consisting of rotation and forced valgus. He initially had pain and inflammation and was treated with immobilization for two weeks. Pain and inflammation persisted so plain films and MRI were ordered and they showed a lesion of the medial meniscus. Arthroscopy of the left knee was performed. RESULTS: The nuclear MRI showed a lesion of the medial meniscus and a chondral lesion of the medial condyle. Preoperative tests showed a uric acid level within the upper normal limit. The arthroscopy showed a transverse lesion of the medial meniscus that was repaired as usual; lesions were found throughout the articular surface, with crystal deposits, as well as an important synovial inflammatory reaction and medial condyle chrondropathy. DISCUSSION: Arthroscopy of a gouty knee shows urate deposits that partially cover the synovial, the anterior cruciate ligament, the menisci and lesion zones in the articular surfaces. Removal of gouty collections and a thorough articular lavage improve the local symptoms of the disease. No synovectomy was performed, as is recommended in the literature.

Asunto(s)

Artroscopía , Gota/patología , Articulación de la Rodilla/patología , Adulto , Artritis/patología , Humanos , Masculino

RESUMEN

von Willebrand's disease (VWD) is the most commonly inherited bleeding disorder. For a long time, it has been said that VWD was absent in some countries due to ethnical differences. Information about the prevalence of VWD in Mexico remains unclear, owing largely to poor awareness and diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to objectively diagnose VWD in a cohort of highly selected Mexican patients with a chronic history of bleeding. Mexican Mestizos were recruited between July 2010 and August 2011. Included were 133 adult and paediatric patients with a high suspicion of VWD. Fifty-three were diagnosed with VWD: 47 (88.7%) with type 1 VWD, four (7.5%) with type 2a VWD and two (3.8%) with type 3 VWD. Mean age for female patients was 19.5 years (range 3-44 years) and 18.5 years (range 4-63 years) for male patients. Mean age at start of bleeding symptoms was 8.8 years (range 1-61). The most frequent clinical symptoms were epistaxis (84.9%), ecchymosis (79.2%), haematomas (71.7%), gum bleeds (62.3%) and petechia (50.9%). Severe transoperative or postoperative bleeding was found in 17 patients (32.1%). Twenty-six women at childbearing age had a history of abnormal gynaecological bleeding. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of VWD in Mexican and underscore the importance of a more detailed description of VWD. Efforts to increase the awareness and diagnosis of VWD could help in better identification of patients with bleeding disorders and lead to early, appropriate management with safe and efficacious therapies such as desmopressin and plasma concentrates.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades de von Willebrand/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades de von Willebrand/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Blastocystis hominis is a common human parasite with infection rates up to 50% in developing countries, and giardiasis is the commonest intestinal one in Mexico. No doubt, various parasites as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica can cause rheumatic diseases. This study coproparasitoscopic analysis evaluated the cysts by B. hominis, G. lamblia, E. hartmani, E. coli and E. histolytica in Mexican rheumatic disease patients. Also, ELISA was used to detect E. histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Toxocara canis, and Trichinella spiralis in Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Thirty-six patients (24 with AS and 12 with RA) and 77 healthy control individuals were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of protozoan cysts were comparable in rheumatic disease patients (AS and RA) and healthy control donors (33 and 25 vs. 26%, respectively; p > 0.05). The frequency of antibodies to T. canis was significantly higher in AS patients than in healthy control donors (16 vs. 2.6%, respectively; p = 0.027), whereas no differences were observed for the prevalence of antibodies for the other parasites (E. histolytica, A. lumbricoides and T. spiralis) (p > 0.05). This information indicates the need to intensify educational efforts for the prevention of parasite infections associated with AS disease that cannot be controlled only by drugs.

Asunto(s)

Parasitosis Intestinales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Reumáticas/complicaciones , Espondilitis Anquilosante/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Helmintiasis/complicaciones , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Humanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Protozoos/complicaciones , Infecciones por Protozoos/epidemiología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in amoebiasis is important to understand the immunopathology of the disease. Mucosal associated effector and regulatory T cells may play a role in regulating the inflammatory immune response associated to Entamoeba histolytica infection in the colon. A subpopulation of regulatory T cells has recently been identified and is characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9. In this report, we used CCR9 deficient (CCR9(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of the CCR9(+) T cells in a murine model of E. histolytica intestinal infection. Intracecal infection of CCR9(+/+), CCR9(+/-) and CCR9(-/-) mice with E. histolytica trophozoites, revealed striking differences in the development and nature of the intestinal inflammatory response observed between these strains. While CCR9(+/+) and CCR9(+/-) mice were resistant to the infection and resolved the pathogen-induced inflammatory response, CCR9(-/-) mice developed a chronic inflammatory response, which was associated with over-expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17, while IL-10 was not present. In addition, increased levels of CCL11, CCL20 and CCL28 chemokines were detected by qRT-PCR in CCR9(-/-) mice. E. histolytica trophozoites were identified in the lumen of the cecum of CCR9(-/-) mice at seven days post infection (pi), whereas in CCR9(+/+) mice trophozoites disappeared by day 1 pi. Interestingly, the inflammation observed in CCR9(-/-) mice, was associated with a delayed recruitment of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells to the cecal epithelium and lamina propria, suggesting that this population may play a role in the early regulation of the inflammatory response against E. histolytica, likely through IL-10 production. In support of these data, CCR9(+) T cells were also identified in colon tissue sections obtained from patients with amoebic colitis. Our data suggest that a population of CCR9(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells may participate in the control and resolution of the inflammatory immune response to E. histolytica infection.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Disentería Amebiana/inmunología , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Receptores CCR/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL11/genética , Quimiocina CCL11/inmunología , Quimiocina CCL11/metabolismo , Quimiocina CCL20/genética , Quimiocina CCL20/inmunología , Quimiocina CCL20/metabolismo , Quimiocinas CC/genética , Quimiocinas CC/inmunología , Quimiocinas CC/metabolismo , Disentería Amebiana/metabolismo , Disentería Amebiana/parasitología , Entamoeba histolytica/fisiología , Citometría de Flujo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/inmunología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/inmunología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/inmunología , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/inmunología , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/inmunología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores CCR/genética , Receptores CCR/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Trofozoítos/inmunología , Trofozoítos/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Rectal prolapse is defined as a falling out of place of the rectum through anus. Surgery is the treatment of choice to reverse abnormal anatomy and to improve anorectal function. OBJECTIVE: To review the experience in recent years of surgical management of rectal prolapse in the Hospital Central Militar and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran. METHODS: All patients with rectal prolapse who underwent surgical treatment between January 1993 through December 2008 at two institutions in Mexico City were included. Clinical information was obtained of the clinical files in both hospitals. Main study variables were age, sex, degree of prolapse, morbility and type of surgery performed. RESULTS: Fifty seven patients were included, predominantly female (59.6%) with a mean age of 45 years. The most frequent diagnosis was complete rectal prolapse. Fifteen patients (26%) were treated by perineal procedure and 42 (74%) through abdomen: 17 (40%) open and 25 (60%) laparoscopic. Morbidity rate was lower in the laparoscopic group with less length of hospital stay and a lower blood loss, but with higher recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Although the laparoscopic surgery showed advantage related with a less morbility, blood loss and hospital stay, it showed higher recurrence rates."

Asunto(s)

Prolapso Rectal/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Hospitales Urbanos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Klippel-Tranaunay syndrome is a rare congenital condition characterized by skin angiomas with arteriovenous malformations and hypertrophy of the soft and bone tissues of one extremity. The clinical case presented herein involved total hip replacement due to arthrosis secondary to avascular necrosis of the femoral head, which resulted in the hypervascularity that occurs with this syndrome. A 37 year-old female was diagnosed with grade IV hip arthrosis and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Laboratory and imaging tests were performed to determine the local conditions for the surgical approach to the hip. The preoperative MR angiography identified the arteriovenous malformation tract to determine the limits of the approach. DISCUSSION: The arteriovenous malformations that occur in this syndrome turn the approach into a challenging one due to the potential bleeding, thus extreme prophylactic and technical measures must be applied. There are very few reports in the literature on this treatment.

Asunto(s)

Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Síndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber/cirugía , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos