RESUMEN
Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.
RESUMEN
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is increasingly indicated for various malignant and non-malignant diseases. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), patients that could benefit from the procedure commonly need to seek medical care abroad in view of the lack of a comprehensive HSCT facility that could offer the full spectrum of interventions and monitoring protocols. This comes with considerable challenges related to coverage and logistics of travel. It also limits the continuity of clinical care, and presents inconvenience to patients who come from a different cultural background. In this article, we share our experiences and lessons learned during the establishment of the first comprehensive adult and pediatric HSCT unit in the UAE that is designed to cater for local citizens and residents, as well as neighboring countries facing similar availability challenges.
RESUMEN
LASP-1 was identified as a protein following mass spectrometric analysis of phosphoproteins consequent to signaling by ErbB2 in SKOV-3 cells. It has been previously identified as an oncogene and is located on chromosomal arm 17q 0.76â Mb centromeric to ErbB2. It is expressed in serous ovarian cancer cell lines as a 40â kDa protein. In SKOV-3 cells, it was phosphorylated and was inhibited by Lapatinib and CP7274714. LASP-1 co-immunoprecipitated with ErbB2 in SKOV-3 cells, suggesting a direct interaction. This interaction and phosphorylation were independent of the kinase activity of ErbB2. Moreover, the binding of LASP-1 to ErbB2 was independent of the tyrosine phosphorylation of LASP-1. LASP-1 was neither expressed on the surface epithelium of the normal ovary nor in the fallopian tube. It was expressed in 28% of ovarian tumours (n = 101) that did not significantly correlate with other clinical factors. In tumours from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who had ErbB2 amplification (3+), LASP-1 was expressed in 3/20 (P < 0.001). Analysis of the expression of an independent dataset of ovarian and breast tumours from TCGA showed the significant co-occurrence of ErbB2 and LASP-1 (P < 0.01). These results suggest that LASP-1 and ErbB2 interaction could be important in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/metabolismo , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estudios de Cohortes , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Femenino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Proteínas con Dominio LIM/genética , Lapatinib/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación/genética , Plásmidos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , TransfecciónRESUMEN
Recent reports have shown that excellent survival outcomes can be achieved in adult Burkitt's lymphoma with the use of DA-EPOCH-R regimen. When compared to earlier intense pediatric-type protocols, this regimen is less toxic. There are limited reports available on the use of this regimen outside the context of clinical trials. We analyzed the outcomes of patients who were treated with the DA-EPOCH-R regimen [Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and HIV-positive patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)] at our center over a 3 year period. Baseline characters, responses, and toxicity data was captured from records. Event-free survival (EFS-from therapy initiation till occurrence of event (non-achievement of complete response or relapse) and overall survival (OS-from therapy initiation till death due to any cause) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Among 41 patients [median age 40 years (18-76)], the following diagnoses were included-HIV negative patients (N = 29): BL (N = 24), PMBCL (N = 5); HIV positive patients (N = 12): BL (N = 8), and DLBCL (N = 4). Among those with BL, majority had stage III/IV disease (N = 21/32, 65%). At the completion of planned therapy, 33 had achieved CR (81%). One patient died due to toxicity. The actuarial EFS and OS at 2 years were 80 and 77% respectively for all patients. The OS at 2 years was 100% for PMBCL, 80% for BL and 50% for HIV-positive DLBCL. Majority of the failures in BL were in patients with advanced disease. DA-EPOCH-R can be used in real-world setting and allows treatment of older patients with BL.