RESUMEN
Serpentoviruses are strongly associated with upper respiratory tract disease in captive and free-ranging bluetongued skinks (Tiliqua spp.). In Australia, bluetongue serpentoviruses were first reported in shingleback skinks (Tiliqua rugosa) with upper respiratory tract disease that presented to wildlife rehabilitation facilities in Perth, Western Australia. Since then, serpentoviruses have been detected commonly in captive bluetongued skinks from most areas of Australia, yet knowledge about the prevalence and distribution of these viruses in free-ranging bluetongued skinks, and other skink species, remains limited. Oral swabs were collected from 162 shingleback skinks from four areas in Western Australia and neighboring South Australia to screen for bluetongue serpentoviruses by PCR. The proportions of PCR positives were 0% (0/4) for Rottnest Island (a small island west of Perth, Western Australia), 3% (1/32) for the Shire of Kent (â¼5,600 km2 in the southwest of Western Australia), 1% (1/91) from an approximately 250,000 km2 area across southern Southern Australia and Western Australia, and 0% (0/35) from Mount Mary (â¼150 km2 in the Mid North of South Australia). Neither of the two PCR-positive shingleback skinks had overt signs of upper respiratory tract disease. These results are consistent with serpentoviruses occurring at a relatively low crude prevalence of 1.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.2-4.9%) across these areas, although the potential bias from sampling active and apparently healthy individuals may mean that this estimate is lower than the true prevalence. This contrasts with the high proportion of PCR positives reported in captive individuals. In the absence of experimental or observational data on viral clearance and recovery, Tiliqua spp. skinks that are intended for release into the wild should be housed with strict biosecurity to prevent interactions with captive individuals and screened to ensure that they are not PCR positive before release.
RESUMEN
Descriptions of innovative methods of responding to the concerns and needs of aging and old lesbians are scarce in research literature. This paper describes the creation of the Elder Initiative, a community building effort for aging and old lesbians in a major northwest city. With the aims of providing support networks for the women and ensuring their involvement in the development of the local lesbian community, the Elder Initiative adopted the Kretzmann and McKnight model of community building to guide its objectives. In the 3 years since the group formed, membership has grown to over 550 women and several successful projects have been undertaken. The importance of the Elder Initiative and similar groups for successful aging among lesbians and areas of future research are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/psicología , Relaciones Comunidad-Institución , Homosexualidad Femenina/psicología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
This study explored the life course experiences of older lesbians and their concerns and needs as they age. Interviews with sixty-two lesbians, age 55 and older, living in the three west coast states, revealed common themes related to coming out, family and partner relationships, sources of support, aging-related concerns, personal accomplishments, and hopes for the future. Implications for research with older lesbians and for appropriate social work practice and service delivery with this aging population are discussed.