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BACKGROUND: Global dengue cases are rising, notably in Brazil. METHODS: By using monthly data, we estimated linear regressions with ARIMA errors to measure the influence of temperature and precipitation on dengue incidence in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. RESULTS: Findings suggest that a 1°C increase in mean temperature can lead to a cumulative increase of up to 40% in dengue incidence within 2 months. Precipitation shows no significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of temperature on the spread of dengue and potentially other mosquito-borne diseases.

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Deforestation rates in the Amazon have markedly increased in the last few years, affecting non-protected and protected areas (PAs). Brazil is a hotspot of Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD) events, with most events associated with infrastructure projects. Despite the threats dams impose on PAs, there is a knowledge gap in assessing deforestation in PAs around large dams in the Amazon. This study investigates how deforestation affects Biodiversity Protection Areas (BioPAs) and Indigenous Lands around the Jirau and Santo Antônio (JSA) dams (Madeira River, Rondônia) and Belo Monte dam (Xingu River, Pará) in the Brazilian Amazon. We compared clear-cutting between PAs and control areas and the annual rates of forest change between pre-dam and post-dam periods. We discussed deforestation-related factors (e.g., PADDD events and the presence of management plans or councils). Our results show an increase in deforestation after the operation of the dams when environmental control from licensing agencies decreases and other political and economic factors are in practice. Indigenous Lands experienced a significant increase in deforestation around the Belo Monte dam, which is associated with the demarcation process and land conflicts. Surrounding the JSA dams, sustainable use BioPAs showed high deforestation rates, and 27 PADDD events were reported, four directly related to dams. In addition to dams, deforestation was associated with the crisis of Brazilian democracy and the weakening of environmental policies. In conclusion, the weak environmental control from environmental licensing agencies during dam operation and PADDD events have contributed to increased deforestation rates and additional stresses in the Amazon.

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Within the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, large hydropower dams are positioned as a sustainable energy source, notwithstanding their adverse impacts on societies and ecosystems. This study contributed to ongoing discussions about the persistence of critical social issues, even after the investments of large amounts of resources in areas impacted by the construction of large hydropower dams. Our study focused on food insecurity and evaluated this issue in the city of Altamira in the Brazilian Amazon, which has been profoundly socially and economically impacted by the construction, between 2011 and 2015, of Brazil's second-largest dam, namely, Belo Monte. A survey in Altamira city featured a 500-household random sample. Structural equation modeling showed conditioning factors of 60% of the population experiencing varying food insecurity degrees. Poverty, female-led households, lower education, youth, and unemployment were strongly linked to higher food insecurity. Crowded, officially impacted, and resettled households also faced heightened food insecurity. Our findings underscore the food insecurity conditions in the region impacted by the Belo Monte dam, emphasizing the need to take into account this crucial issue while planning and implementing hydropower dams.

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ABSTRACT Background: Global dengue cases are rising, notably in Brazil. Methods: By using monthly data, we estimated linear regressions with ARIMA errors to measure the influence of temperature and precipitation on dengue incidence in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. Results: Findings suggest that a 1°C increase in mean temperature can lead to a cumulative increase of up to 40% in dengue incidence within 2 months. Precipitation shows no significant impact. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of temperature on the spread of dengue and potentially other mosquito-borne diseases.

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This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of national health surveys conducted in Brazil and England by their respective Statistics institutes. For Brazil, the National Health Survey (PNS) was considered, and the Health Survey for England (HSE) for England. To this end, we show a preliminary overview of the different population profiles of the two countries. Then, a brief historical background is presented, including the common themes that are addressed in the PNS and HSE that favor comparative analyses. Finally, we compared, for example, the inequalities in access to and use of Brazilian and English health services. The results show several possibilities for comparative analysis on topics such as health perception, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension. However, the need to consider the specificities of the population profile of each country and the methodological characteristics of the surveys is emphasized.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as características das pesquisas nacionais de saúde realizadas no Brasil e na Inglaterra pelos seus respectivos institutos de Estatística. No Brasil foi considerada a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e na Inglaterra, a Health Survey for England (HSE). Para tanto, apresenta-se inicialmente um panorama sobre os distintos perfis populacionais dos países. Passa-se, então, a um breve histórico das pesquisas, evidenciando inclusive as temáticas comuns que são abordadas na PNS e na HSE que favorecem análises comparativas. Por fim, apresenta-se uma comparação, a título de exemplo, acerca das desigualdades no acesso e na utilização dos serviços de saúde no Brasil e na Inglaterra. Os resultados evidenciam inúmeras possiblidades de análises comparativas em temáticas como percepção de saúde, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, diabetes e hipertensão. Entretanto, salienta-se a necessidade de atentar para especificidades do perfil populacional de cada país e às características metodológicas das pesquisas.

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Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar as características das pesquisas nacionais de saúde realizadas no Brasil e na Inglaterra pelos seus respectivos institutos de Estatística. No Brasil foi considerada a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e na Inglaterra, a Health Survey for England (HSE). Para tanto, apresenta-se inicialmente um panorama sobre os distintos perfis populacionais dos países. Passa-se, então, a um breve histórico das pesquisas, evidenciando inclusive as temáticas comuns que são abordadas na PNS e na HSE que favorecem análises comparativas. Por fim, apresenta-se uma comparação, a título de exemplo, acerca das desigualdades no acesso e na utilização dos serviços de saúde no Brasil e na Inglaterra. Os resultados evidenciam inúmeras possiblidades de análises comparativas em temáticas como percepção de saúde, tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, diabetes e hipertensão. Entretanto, salienta-se a necessidade de atentar para especificidades do perfil populacional de cada país e às características metodológicas das pesquisas.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of national health surveys conducted in Brazil and England by their respective Statistics institutes. For Brazil, the National Health Survey (PNS) was considered, and the Health Survey for England (HSE) for England. To this end, we show a preliminary overview of the different population profiles of the two countries. Then, a brief historical background is presented, including the common themes that are addressed in the PNS and HSE that favor comparative analyses. Finally, we compared, for example, the inequalities in access to and use of Brazilian and English health services. The results show several possibilities for comparative analysis on topics such as health perception, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension. However, the need to consider the specificities of the population profile of each country and the methodological characteristics of the surveys is emphasized.

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Around 14% of world dengue virus (DENV) cases occur in the Americas, most of them in Brazil. While socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral correlates have been analyzed thoroughly, the role played by population mobility on DENV epidemics, especially at the local level, remains scarce. This study assesses whether the daily pattern of population mobility is associated with DENV incidence in Campinas, a Brazilian major city with over 1.2 million inhabitants in São Paulo State. DENV notifications from 2007 to 2015 were geocoded at street level (n = 114,884) and combined with sociodemographic and environmental data from the 2010 population census. Population mobility was extracted from the Origin-Destination Survey (ODS), carried out in 2011, and daily precipitation was obtained from satellite imagery. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were applied. High population mobility presented a relevant positive effect on higher risk for DENV incidence. High income and residence in apartments were found to be protective characteristics against the disease, while unpaved streets, number of strategic points (such as scrapyards and tire repair shops), and precipitation were consistently risk factors.

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Around 14% of world dengue virus (DENV) cases occur in the Americas, most of them in Brazil. While socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral correlates have been analyzed thoroughly, the role played by population mobility on DENV epidemics, especially at the local level, remains scarce. This study assesses whether the daily pattern of population mobility is associated with DENV incidence in Campinas, a Brazilian major city with over 1.2 million inhabitants in São Paulo State. DENV notifications from 2007 to 2015 were geocoded at street level (n = 114,884) and combined with sociodemographic and environmental data from the 2010 population census. Population mobility was extracted from the Origin-Destination Survey (ODS), carried out in 2011, and daily precipitation was obtained from satellite imagery. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were applied. High population mobility presented a relevant positive effect on higher risk for DENV incidence. High income and residence in apartments were found to be protective characteristics against the disease, while unpaved streets, number of strategic points (such as scrapyards and tire repair shops), and precipitation were consistently risk factors.

Cerca de 14% de todos os casos de dengue (DENV) ocorrem nas Américas, a maioria dos quais no Brasil. Os correlatos socioeconômicos, ambientais e comportamentais já foram analisados em profundidade, mas há pouco conhecimento, principalmente em nível local, sobre o papel da mobilidade populacional nas epidemias de DENV. O estudo pretende verificar se o padrão diário de mobilidade populacional está associado à incidência do DENV em Campinas, cidade brasileira com mais de 1,2 milhão de habitantes no Estado de São Paulo. As notificações de DENV entre 2007 e 2015 foram georreferenciadas em nível de logradouro (n = 114.884) e combinadas com dados sociodemográficos e ambientais do censo populacional de 2010. A mobilidade populacional foi extraída da Pesquisa de Origem/Destino (POD) realizada em 2011, e a pluviometria diária foi obtida através de imagens de satélite. Foram aplicados modelos de regressão multivariada com resposta binomial negativa inflacionados de zeros. A mobilidade populacional alta apresentou efeito positivo relevante sobre a incidência mais elevada de DENV. Renda alta e residência em apartamento mostrou efeito protetor contra a doença, enquanto ruas não pavimentadas, número de pontos críticos (p.ex.: ferros-velhos e borracharias) e pluviosidade alta apareceram enquanto fatores de risco.

Alrededor del 14% de los casos mundiales de virus dengue (DENV por sus siglas en inglés) se produce en las Américas, la mayoría de ellos en Brasil. Mientras que las correlaciones socioeconómicas, ambientales y de comportamiento se han analizado a fondo, el papel jugado por la movilidad de la población con epidemia de DENV, especialmente en un nivel local, continúa siendo escasa. Este estudio evalúa si el patrón diario de movilidad de población está asociado con la incidencia de DENV en Campinas, una gran ciudad brasileña con más de 1,2 millones de habitantes en el estado de São Paulo. Las notificaciones de DENV desde 2007 a 2015 fueron geocodificadas en un nivel de calle (n = 114,884), y combinadas con datos sociodemográficos, además de ambientales mediante el censo de población de 2010. La movilidad de la población se extrajo de la Encuesta Origen-Destino (ODS por sus siglas en inglés), llevada a cabo en 2011, la precipitación diaria se obtuvo mediante imágenes por satélite. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión binomial negativa multivariados con ceros inflados. La alta movilidad de la población presentó un efecto positivo relevante, respecto a un mayor riesgo en la incidencia por DENV. Contar con ingresos altos y residir en apartamentos resultaron ser factores protectores contra la enfermedad, mientras que las calles sin pavimentar, así como algunos puntos estratégicos como los desguaces y tiendas de reparación de ruedas, al igual que las precipitaciones fueron consistentemente factores de riesgo.

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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the spatial distribution of dengue fever cases within an urban area of the São Paulo State, southeast Brazil. Methods Based on a methodology created by the authors, it was possible to organize the Brazilian Census data of 2010 into a regular grid of 250x250 meters each cell. This cell was the unit of analysis. Then, the 1 688 residential addresses of autochthonous dengue cases reported in 2013 in Caraguatatuba city were geocoded to calculate the incidence rate by cell. The dependent variable was the dengue incidence rate and the independent variables were classified into two types: environmental and sociodemographic. Finally, a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression was performed using the software R. Results The statistical analysis showed an association between dengue incidence rate and the environmental variable "proximity to strategic points (junk yards, tire repair shops and deposits of recyclable materials)." Dengue was also associated to the sociodemographic variables "proportion of households with per capita income up to 3 minimum wages", "proportion of nonwhite people" and "proportion of not owned households". Conclusion Dengue is associated to several factors related to its epidemic outbreak. In this complex context, results suggest that this infectious disease is socially conditioned, since it is more likely to reach population groups with specific characteristics, notably those with low socioeconomic status.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la distribución espacial de los casos de dengue dentro de un área urbana en el estado de Sao Paulo, sudeste de Brasil. Métodos Basados en una metodología creada por los autores, se organizaron los datos del censo brasileño de 2010 en una malla regular de 250x250 metros cada célula. Esta célula fue la unidad de análisis. En seguida, fueran gecodificadas todas las 1 688 residencias de los casos de dengue registrados en 2013 en la ciudad de Caraguatatuba para calcular la tasa de incidencia por célula. La variable dependiente fue la tasa de incidencia del dengue y las variables independientes fueron clasificadas en dos tipos: ambientales y sociodemográficas. Finalmente se realizó una Regresión Binomial Negativa Inflada con Ceros utilizando el software R. Resultados El análisis estadístico mostró una asociación entre la tasa de incidencia del dengue y la variable ambiental proximidad de puntos estratégicos (depósitos de chatarra, talleres de reparación de neumáticos y depósitos de materiales reciclables). El dengue también se asoció a las variables sociodemográficas proporción de hogares con ingreso per cápita de hasta 3 salarios mínimos, proporción de personas no blancas y de hogares que no sean propiedad. Conclusión Se concluyó que el dengue tiene un conjunto múltiple de factores relacionados con la aparición de sus epidemias. En el contexto de esta complejidad, los resultados sugieren que esta enfermedad infecciosa está condicionada socialmente, ya que es más probable que llegue a grupos de población con características específicas, especialmente aquellos con un nivel socioeconómico bajo.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of dengue fever cases within an urban area of the São Paulo State, southeast Brazil. METHODS: Based on a methodology created by the authors, it was possible to organize the Brazilian Census data of 2010 into a regular grid of 250x250 meters each cell. This cell was the unit of analysis. Then, the 1 688 residential addresses of autochthonous dengue cases reported in 2013 in Caraguatatuba city were geocoded to calculate the incidence rate by cell. The dependent variable was the dengue incidence rate and the independent variables were classified into two types: environmental and sociodemographic. Finally, a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression was performed using the software R. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed an association between dengue incidence rate and the environmental variable "proximity to strategic points (junk yards, tire repair shops and deposits of recyclable materials)." Dengue was also associated to the sociodemographic variables "proportion of households with per capita income up to 3 minimum wages", "proportion of nonwhite people" and "proportion of not owned households". CONCLUSION: Dengue is associated to several factors related to its epidemic outbreak. In this complex context, results suggest that this infectious disease is socially conditioned, since it is more likely to reach population groups with specific characteristics, notably those with low socioeconomic status.

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Este artigo discute que, embora o volume da população seja um aspecto relevante a se considerar na relação entre população e ambiente, existem outros fatores que podem ser ainda mais importantes. Na perspectiva demográfica, elementos como a composição e distribuição espacial da população são fundamentais. Em termos ambientais, o estilo de desenvolvimento e o nível de consumo são decisivos. O Brasil vive um momento de transições flagrantes. Por um lado, existe a transição demográfica (queda nas taxas de mortalidade e natalidade), marcada pelo rápido declínio na taxa de fecundidade total, de cerca de 6 filhos por mulher, em 1960, para menos de 2 filhos, em 2010. Por outro lado, há uma transição de consumo, discutida neste trabalho tendo como referência a melhoria da situação econômica do país e o aumento do consumo de água, que é causado tanto pela expansão do sistema de abastecimento em áreas urbanas quanto pela tendência de aumento do gasto per capita. Assim, enquanto houve uma redução significativa das taxas de crescimento populacional, o consumo de água apresentou tendência de aumento, como resultado de alterações nos padrões de acesso e níveis de consumo...

In this paper we discuss that, although the volume of the population is an important aspect to be considered in the relationship between population and environment, there are other factors that may be even more important. From a demographic perspective, for example, details such as composition and spatial distribution of the population are essential. In environmental terms, the style of development and level of consumption are crucial. Brazil is going through a time of important transitions. On the one hand, the demographic transition (decreased levels of mortality and birth rates), is characterized by the rapid decline in total fertility rate, from about 6 children per woman in the 1960s to fewer than 2 children per woman in the late 2000s. On the other hand, there is a consumption transition also in course, discussed here in the relationship between improving the economic situation and increased water consumption, which is caused by the expansion of the supply system in urban areas and by the trend toward growing per capita consumption. Thus, while there has been a significant decrease in population growth rates, water consumption tends to increase as the result of changes in access patterns and consumption levels...

Este artículo discute que, aunque el volumen de la población sea un aspecto relevante a considerar en la relación entre población y ambiente, hay otros factores que pueden ser todavía más importantes. Desde la perspectiva demográfica, elementos como la composición y distribución espacial de la población son fundamentales. En lo que concierne al medio ambiente, el estilo de desarrollo y el nivel de consumo son decisivos. Brasil vive un momento de marcadas transiciones. Por un lado, existe la transición demográfica (baja en las tasas de mortalidad y natalidad), marcada por el rápido descenso en la tasa de fecundidad total, de cerca de 6 hijos por mujer, en 1960, para menos de 2 hijos, en 2010. Por otro lado, hay una transición de consumo, que se discute en este trabajo teniendo como referencia la mejora de la situación económica del país y el aumento del consumo de agua, que es ocasionado tanto por la expansión del sistema de abastecimiento en áreas urbanas como por la tendencia de aumento del gasto per cápita. De este modo, mientras hubo una reducción significativa de las tasas de crecimiento poblacional, el consumo de agua presentó una tendencia de aumento, como resultado de alteraciones en los estándares de acceso y niveles de consumo...

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