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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been widely applied for gastrointestinal (GI) examinations. However, there is a lack of mature technology to evaluate the quality of the EGD inspection process. In this Letter, the authors design a multi-task anatomy detection convolutional neural network (MT-AD-CNN) to evaluate the EGD inspection quality by combining the detection task of the upper digestive tract with ten anatomical structures and the classification task of informative video frames. The authors' model is able to eliminate non-informative frames of the gastroscopic videos and detect the anatomies in real time. Specifically, a sub-branch is added to the detection network to classify NBI images, informative and non-informative images. By doing so, the detected box will be only displayed on the informative frames, which can reduce the false-positive rate. They can determine the video frames on which each anatomical location is effectively examined, so that they can analyse the diagnosis quality. Their method reaches the performance of 93.74% mean average precision for the detection task and 98.77% accuracy for the classification task. Their model can reflect the detailed circumstance of the gastroscopy examination process, which shows application potential in improving the quality of examinations.

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Objective To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of breast.Methods Patients with breast PNET were retrieved from CNKI,Pubmed,Europe PMC and other databases from Jan.1980 to Dec.2016.The clinical data of one patient with breast PNET in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results 18 cases had painless,rapid growth mass as the main clinical features.The pathological morphology showed small round cell tumors,PAS staining positive.Immunohistochemistry CD99 and Fli-1 characteristic expression were the main indexes for the diagnosis of breast PNET.The positive expression of Vimentin,NSE,Syn and negative expression of CK,EMA,Desmin,CgA,LCA,S-100 also played an important role in the diagnosis of breast PNET.The positive expression of genetic marker EWSRI was the golden standard for diagnosis of breast PNET.The size of the tumor,surgical treatment,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and chemotherapy were the important factors that affect the prognosis of the PNET.The survival rates of 1 and 3 years were 71.4％ and 33.3％ respectively.Conclusions Breast PNET is a rare tumor with poor prognosis,and its diagnosis is highly dependent on pathology.Surgery can significantly improve the prognosis of the patients.Surgery should be the main treatment,combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.The current study does not show evidence of effectiveness in terms of endocrine or targeted drug therapy for breast PNET patients.

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The digital operating-room, with highly integrated clinical information, is very important for rescuing lives of patients and improving quality of operations. Since equipments in domestic operating-rooms have diversified interface and nonstandard communication protocols, designing and implementing an integrated data sharing program for different kinds of diagnosing, monitoring, and treatment equipments become a key point in construction of digital operating room. This paper addresses interface interconnection and data integration for commonly used clinical equipments from aspects of hardware interface, interface connection and communication protocol, and offers a solution for interconnection and integration of clinical equipments in heterogeneous environment. Based on the solution, a case of an optimal digital operating-room is presented in this paper. Comparing with the international solution for digital operating-room, the solution proposed in this paper is more economical and effective. And finally, this paper provides a proposal for the platform construction of digital perating-room as well as a viewpoint for standardization of domestic clinical equipments.

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The present research was to study the biocompatibility of a composite of hydroxyapatite (HA), carbon fiber (CF) and polyetheretherket-one (PEEK) by co-culturing with the osteoblasts in vitro. Cell relative growth (RGR) was used as a quantitative assessment for cytotoxicity of the biomaterials by CCK-8. The proliferation index of the co-cultured cells and ALP activity was measured to study the effect of PEEK-HA-CF composites. Morphological properties of the osteoblast cells in vitro were observed by scanning electro-microscopy (SEM). The PEEK-HA-CF materials have no cytotoxicity to osteoblasts. The proliferation index of PEEK-HA-CF was higher than that of Ti alloy group, but these was no significant difference compared to that of control group. The ALP activity was the highest on PEEK-HA-CF composites surface after 7 days. The osteoblast cells co-cultured with the PEEK-HA-CF composite were adhered well to the biomaterial as observed under the SEM. The results suggested that the PEEK-HA-CF composites had good biocompatibility in vitro and might be a novel orthopedic implanted material.

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The strategy for implementing PACS in China is currently hospital-oriented, that causes difficulties of transferring patients among hospitals and sharing patients' images and other case information among doctors. To overcome such shortcomings, an open strategy, which is patient-oriented, was presented. In the open strategy, connections among all the hospitals could be established through Internet by image center, and patient-oriented mechanism also covers the courses of image archiving and other case information management, that would make the limited resources of experienced doctors sharable among all the patients effectively. Moreover, the security, authenticity and validity of patients' images and other case information could be guaranteed better than before. A primary application on probation of PACS implemented with such an open strategy, which was put into practice in China, was also presented. According to the results, the open strategy could extend the application area of PACS from large hospitals to small ones and expedite building of electrical hospitals in China.

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Although 3D heart and torso model with realistic geometry are basis of simulation computation in LFX virtual cardiac model, the simulation results are mostly output in 2D format. To solve such a problem and enhance the virtual reality of LFX virtual cardiac model, the methods of voxel mapping and vertex project mapping were presented. With these methods, excitation isochrone map (EIM) was mapped from heart model with realistic geometry to real visible man heart model, and body surface potential map (BSPM) was mapped from torso model with realistic geometry to real visible man body surface. By visualizing in the 4Dview, which is a real-time 3D medical image visualization platform, the visualization results of EIM and BSPM simulation data before and after mapping were also provided. According to the visualization results, the output format of EIM and BSPM simulation data of LFX virtual cardiac model were extended from 2D to 4D (spatio-temporal) and from cardiac model with realistic geometry to real cardiac model, and more realistic and effective simulation was achieved.

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Although 3D heart and torso model with realistic geometry are the basis of simulation computation in LFX Virtual Cardiac Model, the simulation results are mostly output in 2D format. Voxel mapping method is presented to solve this problem and extend the function of LFX Virtual Cardiac Model. Excitation Isochrone Map (EIM), one of the most important simulation results, was mapped from cardiac model with realistic geometry to real Visible Man cardiac model, then the EIM simulation data before and after mapping were visualized in the 4DView which is a real-time 3D medical image visualization platform. With this method, the output format of EIM simulation data of LFX Virtual Cardiac Model was extended from 2D to 4D (time is the 4th dimension) and from cardiac model with realistic geometry to real cardiac model. According to the EIM simulation data visualization results before and after mapping, the LFX virtual cardiac model shows its characteristics with more realistic and effective simulation.

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Based on the integration of the advanced visualization toolkit (VTK) and the real-time rendering System (VolumePro), 4D View, a 3D real-time visualization system of medical image, which applies real-time 3D medical image (such as MR, CT image, etc.) visualization and interaction was developed. Firstly the VTK, VolumePro and their integration were introduced briefly; then the system design and function template of 4D View system was discussed in detail; finally some visualization results acquired through 4D View was illustrated. According to the results, 4D View system can effectively resolve the poor real-time characteristic of 3D medical image visualization and interaction, so it will have a wide application area of the clinical diagnosis, therapy and medical research, etc in future.

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