RESUMEN
Roundup®, a prominent glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), holds a significant position in the global market. However, studies of its effects on aquatic invertebrates, including molluscs are limited. Pomacea canaliculata, a large freshwater snail naturally thrives in agricultural environments where GBH is extensively employed. Our investigation involved assessing the impact of two concentrations of GBH (at concentrations of 19.98â¯mg/L and 59.94â¯mg/L, corresponding to 6â¯mg/L and 18â¯mg/L glyphosate) during a 96â¯h exposure experiment on the intestinal bacterial composition and metabolites of P. canaliculata. Analysis of the 16â¯S rRNA gene demonstrated a notable reduction in the alpha diversity of intestinal bacteria due to GBH exposure. Higher GBH concentration caused a significant shift in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria, such as Bacteroides and Paludibacter. We employed widely-targeted metabolomics analysis to analyze alterations in the hepatopancreatic metabolic profile as a consequence of GBH exposure. The shifts in metabolites primarily affected lipid, amino acid, and glucose metabolism, resulting in compromised immune and adaptive capacities in P. canaliculata. These results suggested that exposure to varying GBH concentrations perpetuates adverse effects on intestinal and hepatopancreatic health of P. canaliculata. This study provides an understanding of the negative effects of GBH on P. canaliculata and may sheds light on its potential implications for other molluscs.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Glicina , Glifosato , Hepatopáncreas , Herbicidas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/toxicidad , Herbicidas/toxicidad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatopáncreas/metabolismo , Caracoles/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , MetabolómicaRESUMEN
In this work, Eu-containing poly (vinyl acetate) and poly (vinyl alcohol) are made into triple physical cross-linked hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibit good tensile strength, ultrahigh toughness, excellent compressive recovery and identifiability. The superior mechanical properties of the hydrogels originate from the synergetic interactions of hydrogen bonding, molecular crystals, and hydrophobic interactions. The hydrogels are identifiable due to the introduction of the Eu(iii) organic complex [Eu(DBM)2(Phen)MA] into vinyl acetate and the identifiability of the hydrogel proves the uniformity of two types of polymers (Eu-PVAc and PVA) in the hydrogels. This strategy not only provides a new idea for the synthesis of the hydrogel containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials but also opens an avenue to fabricate multifunctional hydrogels applied in the field of bio-sensors, biological imaging, drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles , Europio , Hidrogeles , Compuestos Organometálicos , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/administración & dosificación , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Europio/administración & dosificación , Europio/química , Hidrogeles/administración & dosificación , Hidrogeles/química , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Luminiscencia , Ratones , Compuestos Organometálicos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Alcohol Polivinílico/administración & dosificación , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Polivinilos/administración & dosificación , Polivinilos/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Intelligent hydrogels have promising applications in a wide variety of fields. Herein, a transparent luminous hydrogel with self-healing properties was prepared from a novel Eu-containing PVA that was designed and synthesized via free radical copolymerization and ester hydrolysis. Fluorescence behavior of the Eu-PVA hydrogel depended on the Eu organic complex in Eu-PVA. The water content of the hydrogel depended on the concentration of the PVA water solution. The strength of the Eu-PVA hydrogel was affected by the concentration of the cross-linking agent (boric acid) and the content of Eu-PVA. Eu-containing organic complex, which had good UV photoluminescence, was stabilized in hydrogels without diffusion. The spectroscopic properties of the Eu-containing polymers were investigated in detail. Moreover, the Eu-PVA hydrogel exhibited strong visible fluorescence and excellent self-healing properties. Furthermore, the Eu-PVA hydrogel had excellent biocompatibility since mouse osteoblasts could grow well on its surface. The approach in this study provided new insights into the design and fabrication of multifunctional intelligent soft materials for biomedical applications.