RESUMEN
Medicinal plants are the primary sources of healthcare among the people of developing countries in villages and local towns. Documenting and reporting the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants may contribute to pharmaceutical research development. For this reason, we present our findings on ethnomedicinal plants from Lingchuan County, Shanxi, China, an unexplored area rich in medicinal plant resources. Information of ethnomedicinal plants were collected through questionnaire/semi-structured interviews from 180 informants, including traditional healers. Field surveys were conducted in 53 villages of Lingchuan County from 2017 to 2018. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative analysis was performed for each recorded species, such as Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), and Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC). Diseases were categorized into twelve groups. A total 138 species of medicinal plants were recorded, belonging to 123 genera of 58 families. Asteraceae was the dominant plant family with 19 species, followed by Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Herbs were dominant among plant life-forms with 96 species, followed by shrubs and trees (15 species each). Roots were the most commonly used plant parts with 58 species, followed by whole plants and fruits (28 species each). Most plant species were reported non-toxic (84, 60%), followed by unknown toxicity (35, 25%), poisonous, and less toxic (19, 14%). Quantitative analysis revealed that Forsythia suspensa was with higher (0.33) RFC value, and Scutellaria baicalensis was recorded with a higher (0.91) UV. Treated diseases were categorized in 12 groups and evaluated by their FIC value, in which gynecological diseases have higher (0.93) FIC value followed by urinary system diseases. Most medicinal plants are used to clear away heat and relieve the surface. The present study revealed that local people of Lingchuan County confidently use ethnomedicinal plants for their healthcare needs. The higher indices value of a plant species resulted from quantitative analysis warrants further investigation, which may possess valuable phytochemical compounds that may result in new drugs for treating various human disorders.
Asunto(s)
Plantas Medicinales , China , Etnobotánica , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional/métodos , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/química , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Medicinal plants are the primary sources of healthcare among the people of developing countries in villages and local towns. Documenting and reporting the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants may contribute to pharmaceutical research development. For this reason, we present our findings on ethnomedicinal plants from Lingchuan County, Shanxi, China, an unexplored area rich in medicinal plant resources. Information of ethnomedicinal plants were collected through questionnaire/semi-structured interviews from 180 informants, including traditional healers. Field surveys were conducted in 53 villages of Lingchuan County from 2017 to 2018. Informed consent was obtained from each participant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative analysis was performed for each recorded species, such as Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Use Value (UV), and Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC). Diseases were categorized into twelve groups. A total 138 species of medicinal plants were recorded, belonging to 123 genera of 58 families. Asteraceae was the dominant plant family with 19 species, followed by Rosaceae and Fabaceae. Herbs were dominant among plant life-forms with 96 species, followed by shrubs and trees (15 species each). Roots were the most commonly used plant parts with 58 species, followed by whole plants and fruits (28 species each). Most plant species were reported non-toxic (84, 60%), followed by unknown toxicity (35, 25%), poisonous, and less toxic (19, 14%). Quantitative analysis revealed that Forsythia suspensa was with higher (0.33) RFC value, and Scutellaria baicalensis was recorded with a higher (0.91) UV. Treated diseases were categorized in 12 groups and evaluated by their FIC value, in which gynecological diseases have higher (0.93) FIC value followed by urinary system diseases. Most medicinal plants are used to clear away heat and relieve the surface. The present study revealed that local people of Lingchuan County confidently use ethnomedicinal plants for their healthcare needs. The higher indices value of a plant species resulted from quantitative analysis warrants further investigation, which may possess valuable phytochemical compounds that may result in new drugs for treating various human disorders.
As plantas medicinais são as principais fontes de cuidados de saúde entre as pessoas dos países em desenvolvimento, nas aldeias e cidades locais. É importante documentar e relatar o conhecimento tradicional de plantas medicinais, dado que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa farmacêutica. Por esta razão, apresentamos neste estudo nossas descobertas sobre plantas etnomedicinais do condado de Lingchuan, Shanxi, China, uma área inexplorada e rica em recursos de plantas medicinais. As informações sobre as plantas etnomedicinais foram coletadas por meio de questionário/entrevista semiestruturada com 180 participantes, incluindo curandeiros. As pesquisas de campo foram realizadas em 53 aldeias do condado de Lingchuan, entre 2017 e 2018. O consentimento informado foi obtido de cada participante antes de conduzir o processo de entrevista. Foi realizada uma análise quantitativa de cada espécie registrada, através da Frequência Relativa de Citação (RFC), Valor de Uso (UV) e Fator de Consenso dos Informantes (FCI). As doenças foram categorizadas em doze grupos. Foram registradas 138 espécies de plantas medicinais, pertencentes a 123 gêneros de 58 famílias. Asteraceae foi a família de plantas dominante, totalizando 19 espécies, seguida pelas famílias Rosaceae e Fabaceae. As ervas foram consideradas como as principais formas de vida vegetal usadas, com 96 espécies, seguidas por arbustos e árvores (15 espécies cada). As raízes foram as partes de plantas mais utilizadas com 58 espécies, seguidas de plantas inteiras e frutos (28 espécies cada). A maioria das espécies relatadas foram estabelecidas como não tóxicas (84, 60%), seguida de plantas com toxicidade desconhecida (35, 25%), venenosas e menos tóxicas (19, 14%). A análise quantitativa revelou que a espécie Forsythia suspensa alcançou o maior (0,33) valor de RFC, e a Scutellaria baicalensis obteve o maior (0,91) valor de UV registrado. As doenças tratadas foram categorizadas em 12 grupos e avaliadas pelos seus respectivos valores de FCI, onde as doenças ginecológicas apresentaram maior (0,93) valor de FCI, seguido pelas doenças do sistema urinário. Foi concluído que a maioria das plantas medicinais são usadas para amenizar calores e alívio tópico. O presente estudo revelou que a população local do condado de Lingchuan confia no uso de plantas etnomedicinais para lidar com seus problemas de saúde. Seria válido aprofundar as investigações relativas aos índices mais altos obtidos nas análises quantitativas das espécies analisadas, visto que podem possuir compostos fitoquímicos valiosos que podem resultar em novos medicamentos para o tratamento de diversas doenças humanas.
Asunto(s)
Plantas Medicinales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Etnobotánica , Investigación Farmacéutica , ChinaRESUMEN
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) produces nitric oxide (NO) by catalyzing the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline, with the concomitant oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Recently, various studies have verified the importance of NOS invertebrates and invertebrates. However, the NOS gene family in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense is poorly understood. In this study, we cloned the full-length NOS complementary DNA from M. nipponense (MnNOS) and characterized its expression pattern in different tissues and at different developmental stages. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed the MnNOS gene to be expressed in all investigated tissues, with the highest levels observed in the androgenic gland (P < 0.05). Our results revealed that the MnNOS gene may play a key role in M. nipponense male sexual differentiation. Moreover, RT-qPCR revealed that MnNOS mRNA expression was significantly increased in post-larvae 10 days after metamorphosis (P < 0.05). The expression of this gene in various tissues indicates that it may perform versatile biological functions in M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/genética , Palaemonidae/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de Artrópodos/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , China , Clonación Molecular , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Embrión no Mamífero , Femenino , Larva/genética , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/metabolismo , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico , Especificidad de Órganos , Palaemonidae/clasificación , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Filogenia , Ríos , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
Feminization-1 homolog b (Fem1b) is one of the genes essential for male development and play central roles in sex determination of Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length Fem1b cDNA from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (MnFem1b) in different tissues and at different developmental stages. Real-time quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that the MnFem1b gene was expressed in all investigated tissues, with the highest expression level found in the testes. The results revealed that the MnFem1b gene might play roles in aspects of development of the male prawn phenotype. The RT-qPCR also revealed that MnFem1b mRNA expression was significantly increased at 10 days after metamorphosis. The expression levels in all investigated tissues showed a certain degree of sexually dimorphism, the expression levels in males were significantly higher than those in females (P < 0.05). Notably, the highest expression of MnFem1b was found in the testes. The expression of MnFem1b in different tissues indicates that it plays multiple biological functions in M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Resistencia Androgénica/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética , Metamorfosis Biológica/genética , Palaemonidae/genética , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos/genética , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/genética , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Masculino , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovario/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Filogenia , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , ARN Mensajero/genéticaRESUMEN
This study aimed to explore the association between ring finger protein 41 (RNF41) c.-206 T > A variant and susceptibility to congenital heart disease (CHD) in the Chinese Mongolian population. The association between RNF41 gene c.-206 T > A polymorphism and CHD was examined in two independent case-control studies consisting of 219 CHD patients and 208 healthy controls. Genotype was determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. We found that the genotype frequencies of RNF41 c.-206 T > A differ significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). The TT and TA genotypes in the CHD group were 80.67 and 19.33%, respectively. On the other hand, the frequencies of TT and TA in the control group were 94.44 and 5.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the allelic frequencies of CHD patients (T, 90.34%; A, 9.66%) were significantly different as compared with those of non-CHD controls (T, 97.22%; A, 2.78%; χ2 = 4.031, P = 0.041). Our study demonstrates that the RNF41 c.-206 T > A polymorphism may be a risk factor for congenital heart disease in the Chinese Mongolian population.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas/genética , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Preescolar , China , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Mongolia/etnología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The association between the HLA-DP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3077 and rs9277535 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported, but results have been inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, to investigate the relationship between these HLA-DP SNPs and HCC susceptibility, a meta-analysis of studies published before January 2014 was carried out using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for HLA-DP alleles, and for co-dominant, dominant, and recessive genotype models of each SNP, based on fixed- or random-effects models. A total of nine studies from six published articles were included. The association study between rs3077 and HCC susceptibility was performed in four independent comparisons that contained 1871 cases with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and 3207 carriers with persistent HBV. Association between rs9277535 and HCC susceptibility was examined in five separate comparisons that contained 2017 cases and 3930 carriers. Our analysis indicated a significant association of rs3077 and rs9277535 with HCC susceptibility, suggesting that rs3077 might act beneficially against HCC susceptibility (A vs G: OR = 0.884, 95%CI = 0.803-0.973, P = 0.012; GA vs GG: OR = 0.842, 95%CI = 0.733-0.967, P = 0.015; AA+GA vs GG: OR = 0.848, 95%CI = 0.744-0.968, P = 0.014), and that rs9277535 might promote HCC susceptibility (AA vs GA: OR = 1.202, 95%CI = 1.011-1.428, P = 0.037). This study suggested that HLA-DP rs3077 and rs9277535 polymorphisms are associated with HCC susceptibility in the Asian population.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Antígenos HLA-DP , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Alelos , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Haplotipos , Humanos , Oportunidad Relativa , Sesgo de Publicación , RiesgoRESUMEN
Although the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin has been well documented as a major side effect of chemotherapy, the exact mechanism by which prosurvival and apoptotic pathways interplay to determine renal pathology remains elusive. Recent studies suggested that autophagy might serve as an adaptive mechanism to promote cell survival during acute kidney injury (AKI). We have used AKI as a disease model to investigate the mechanism regulating the cytoprotective role of autophagy in cisplatin-induced tissue damage. Pharmacological inhibitors such as chloroquine were used to manipulate autophagy during AKI, and DNA damage was evaluated by using the cellular marker γH2AX. Cisplatin induced extensive DNA damage during AKI. Autophagy activation served as a survival strategy to suppress cisplatin-induced DNA damage in the pathology of AKI both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in the kidney, cisplatin treatment can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a signaling molecule that is also critical for p53-mediated inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. As a result, inhibition or knockdown of AMPK can lead to repressed autophagy in cisplatin-induced AKI, resulting in more DNA damage. Activation of AMPK regulates autophagy during cisplatin-induced AKI. Given the fact that p53 can regulate autophagy by inactivating mTOR via AMPK, our results suggest that the p53 pathway may also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced renal damage. This study may further our understanding of the physiological roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of renal injuries, and thus may have pathological implications in the clinical setting.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Autofagia , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Daño del ADN , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to compare 12 bp-duplication polymorphisms in exon 4 of the κ-casein gene among 3 breeds/populations of yak (Bos grunniens). Genomic DNA was extracted from yak blood or muscle samples (N = 211) and a partial sequence of exon 4 of κ-casein gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay of the products (169 bp) revealed 2 variants. These variants differed in a 12-bp duplication of the nucleotide sequence corresponding to amino acids 147-150 (Glu-Ala-Ser-Pro) or 148-151 (Ala-Ser-Pro-Glu). The genotype frequency and gene frequency of the 2 κ-casein variants differed among the 3 yak breeds/populations. The long form of the κ-casein gene was the predominant allele, and the Jiulong yak showed the highest frequency of the short form variant of the κ-casein gene. In addition, 2 nucleotide differences resulting in amino acid substitutions were also identified in yaks. These results are significant for designing a breeding strategy to improve the genetic makeup of yak herds.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamiento , Caseínas/genética , Exones/genética , Duplicación de Gen , Genética de Población , Polimorfismo Genético , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Broad-Complex (BR-C) is an early ecdysone-responsive gene encoding a family of zinc-finger transcription factors. In this study, we isolated the full-length cDNA of a BR-C homolog from the testes of the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense), according to established expressed sequence tag information, using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. The homolog was designated as MnBR-C. The full-length cDNA of MnBR-C contained a 1095-bp open reading frame encoding a precursor protein of 365 amino acid residues. Comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that MnBR-C exhibited a high degree of homology with BR-C proteins, and contained the BTB and Zf-H2C2-2 domains. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that the MnBR-C expression level varied significantly in the developing embryo, postembryonic larva, and adult tissue. Real-time qPCR showed that the MnBR-C gene was expressed in all of the tissues investigated, with the highest level of expression in the brain. In addition, MnBR-C was more abundantly expressed in the testes than in the ovaries.
Asunto(s)
Clonación Molecular , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Palaemonidae/genética , Testículo/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Dedos de Zinc , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Embrión no Mamífero , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Larva/genética , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/metabolismo , Masculino , Metamorfosis Biológica/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ovario/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Palaemonidae/metabolismo , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
Increasing evidence suggests that the insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) gene plays an important role in male sexual differentiation, metabolism, and growth in crustaceans. In the present study, we isolated the full-length genome sequence of IAG by genome walking based on the cDNA sequence in Macrobrachium nipponense. Four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied, including 509G>T, 529G>T, 590A>T in intron 1, and 2226A>G in intron 2. The association of genetic variation with growth traits [body length (BL) and body weight (BW)] was analyzed. Individuals with GG geno- type at locus 2226A>G maintained higher mean BL (P < 0.01) and BW (P < 0.05) than AA and GA individuals. These results suggest that IAG SNPs may be useful molecular markers for selecting growth traits in M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Estudios de Asociación Genética , Hormonas Gonadales/genética , Diferenciación Sexual/genética , Andrógenos/genética , Andrógenos/metabolismo , Animales , Clonación Molecular , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Hormonas Gonadales/biosíntesis , Insulina/genética , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Palaemonidae/genética , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
In this study, male-specific lethal 3 homolog (Mnmsl3) was cloned and characterized from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced amino acid sequences of Mnmsl3 showed high-sequence homology to the insect Msl3 and contained a conserved chromatin organization modifier domain and an MORF4-related gene domain. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the Mnmsl3 gene was expressed in all the investigated tissues, with the highest level of expression in the testis. The expression level of Mnmsl3 between males and females was different in the gonad (testis or ovary), abdominal ganglion, and heart. The results revealed that the Mnmsl3 gene might play roles in regulating chromatin and in dosage compensation of M. nipponense. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction also revealed that Mnmsl3 mRNA expression was significantly increased in both 5 and 20 days post-larvae after metamorphosis, suggesting that Mnmsl3 plays complex and important roles in the early embryonic development and sex differentiation of M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Palaemonidae/genética , Testículo/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de Artrópodos/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/química , ADN Complementario/genética , Femenino , Ganglión/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Larva/genética , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Metamorfosis Biológica/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Miocardio/metabolismo , Ovario/metabolismo , Palaemonidae/embriología , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Ríos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
A group of 107 F1 hybrid common carp was used to construct a linkage map using JoinMap 4.0. A total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 SNP markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map for the common carp was 4775.90 cM with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Ten quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with eye diameter, corresponding to 10.5-57.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Twenty QTL were related to eye cross, contributing to 10.8-36.9% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTL for eye diameter and four QTL for eye cross each accounted for more than 20% of the total phenotypic variation and were considered to be major QTL. One growth factor related to eye diameter was observed on LG10 of the common carp genome, and three growth factors related to eye cross were observed on LG10, LG35, and LG44 of the common carp genome. The significant positive relationship of eye cross and eye diameter with other commercial traits suggests that eye diameter and eye cross can be used to assist in indirect selection for many commercial traits, particularly body weight. Thus, the growth factor for eye cross may also contribute to the growth of body weight, implying that aggregate breeding could have multiple effects. These findings provide information for future genetic studies and breeding of common carp.
Asunto(s)
Carpas/genética , Esotropía/genética , Ojo/metabolismo , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Animales , Peso Corporal/genética , Carpas/anatomía & histología , Carpas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética/métodos , Genotipo , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
The gene female sterile homeotic (fsh) plays crucial roles in molecular function, including protein kinase activity and DNA binding, which are involved in biological processes such as terminal region determination and negative regulation of DNA-dependent transcription. Although fsh has been found in Drosophila melanogaster, little is known regarding its expression in crustaceans. In this study, a fsh gene homologue, designated as Mnfsh, was cloned and characterized from the testis of the oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, by using EST analysis and the RACE approach for the first time. The full-length cDNA of Mnfsh was 2029 bp, consisting of a 5' UTR of 361 bp, a 3' UTR of 216 bp, and an ORF of 1452 bp encoding 484 amino acids. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the Mnfsh gene was expressed in the testis, ovary, muscle, heart, eyestalk, and abdominal ganglion, with the highest level of expression in the ovary and the lowest in the heart. qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of Mnfsh mRNA both significantly increased in the zoea stage, the VII larvae, and 1st day post-larvae after metamorphosis. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Mnfsh is an arthropod fsh homologue and probably also plays important roles in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and morphological differentiation of M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/genética , Palaemonidae/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Desarrollo Embrionario/genética , Expresión Génica/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
This study utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing technology to identify reproduction- and development-related genes of Macrobrachium nipponense by analyzing gene expression profiles of testis and ovary. More than 20 million 1 x 51-bp reads were obtained by Illumina sequencing, generating more than 7.7 and 11.7 million clean reads in the testis and ovary library, respectively. As a result, 10,018 unitags were supposed to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ovary and testis. Compared to the ovary library, 4563 (45.5%) of these DEGs exhibited at least 6-fold upregulated expression, while 5455 (54.5%) DEGs exhibited at least 2-fold downregulated expression in the testis. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that 113 GO terms had potential molecular functions in reproduction. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results revealed that the most important pathways may be relevant to reproduction and included 7 pathways. Forty-two genes were identified as reproduction-, development-, and sex-related genes based on GO classification and sequence comparison with other publications, including male reproductive-related LIM protein, spermatogenesis-associated protein, gametocyte-specific factor 1, VASA-like protein, vitellogenin, sex-determining protein fem-1, and other potential candidates. These results will advance research in the field of molecular genetics in M. nipponense and offer a valuable resource for further research related to reproduction in crustaceans.
Asunto(s)
Ovario/fisiología , Palaemonidae/genética , Reproducción/genética , Testículo/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ontología de Genes , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Masculino , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Ovario/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sturgeons (Acipenser schrenckii) are of high evolutionary, economic, and conservation value, and caviar isone of the most valuable animal food products in the world. The Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform was used to construct testicular and ovarian transcriptomes to identify genes involved in reproduction and sex determination in A. schrenckii. A total of 122,381 and 114,527 unigenes were obtained in the testicular and ovarian transcriptomes, respectively, with average lengths of 748 and 697 bp. A total of 46,179 genes were matched to the non-redundant nr database. GO (31,266), KEGG (39,712), and COG analyses (20,126) were performed to identify potential genes and their functions. Twenty-six gene families involved in reproduction and sex determination were identified from the A. schrenckii testicular and ovarian transcriptomes based on functional annotation of non-redundant transcripts and comparisons with the published literature. Furthermore, 1309 unigenes showed significant differences between the testes and ovaries, including 782 genes that were up-regulated in the testes and 527 that were up-regulated in the ovaries. Eleven genes were involved in reproduction and sex determination mechanisms. Furthermore, 19,065 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the expressed sequence tagged dataset, and 190,863 and 193,258 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from the testicular and ovarian transcriptomic databases, respectively. This study provides new sequence information about A. schrenckii, which will provide a basis for the further study of reproduction and sex determination mechanisms in Acipenser species. The potential SSR and SNP markers isolated from the transcriptome may shed light on the evolution and molecular ecology of Acipenser species.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Peces/genética , Peces/genética , Ovario/metabolismo , Reproducción/genética , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo , Testículo/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Animales , Femenino , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Peces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Peces/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Ontología de Genes , Masculino , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Ovario/crecimiento & desarrollo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Testículo/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
The oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, is an important aquaculture species in China. The androgenic gland produces hormones that play crucial roles in the differentiation of crustaceans to the male sex. MicroRNA (miRNA) post-transcriptionally regulates many protein-coding genes, influencing important biological and metabolic processes. However, currently, there is no published data identifying miRNA in M. nipponense. In this study, we identified novel miRNA in the androgenic gland of M. nipponense. Using the high-throughput Illumina Solexa system, 1077 miRNA were identified from small RNA libraries by aligning with the de novo androgenic gland transcriptome of M. nipponense (obtained from RNA-Seq) and the sequences in the miRBase21 database. A total of 8,248, 76,011, and 78,307 target genes were predicted in the EST and SRA sequences provided in the NCBI database, and the androgenic gland transcriptome of M. nipponense, respectively. Some potential sex-related miRNA were identified based on the function of the predicted target genes. The results of our study provide new information regarding the miRNA expression in M. nipponense, which could be the basis for further genetic studies on decapod crustaceans.
Asunto(s)
MicroARNs/genética , Palaemonidae/genética , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ríos , Animales , Biología Computacional/métodos , Dosificación de Gen , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Biblioteca de Genes , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Anencephaly is one of the most serious forms of neural tube defects (NTDs), a group of congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in diverse biological processes via the post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Although miRNAs play important roles in the development of mammalian CNS, their function in human NTDs remains unknown. Using a miRNA microarray, we identified a unique expression profile in fetal anencephalic brain tissues, characterized by 70 upregulated miRNAs (ratio ≥ 2) and 7 downregulated miRNAs (ratio ≤ 0.5) compared with healthy human samples. Ten miRNAs with altered expression were selected from the microarray findings for validation with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that in anencephalic tissues, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-34a, miR-103, miR-125a, miR-132, miR-134, miR-138, and miR-185 were significantly upregulated, while miR-149 was significantly downregulated. Furthermore, 459 potential target genes within the validated miRNAs were revealed using combined four target prediction algorithms in the human genome, and subsequently analyzed with the Molecule Annotation System 3.0. A total of 119 target genes were ultimately identified, including those involved in 22 singular annotations (i.e., transcription, signal transduction, and cell cycle) and 55 functional pathways [i.e., mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and actin cytoskeleton regulation]. Six target genes (HNRPU, JAG1, FMR1, EGR3, RUNX1T1, and NDEL1) were chosen as candidate genes and associated with congenital birth abnormalities of the brain structure. Our results, therefore, suggest that miRNA maladjustment mainly contributes to the etiopathogenesis of anencephaly via the MAPK signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Anencefalia/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , MicroARNs/genética , Feto Abortado/citología , Anencefalia/genética , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Genómica , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
To assess the genetic status of this species, the genetic diversity of wild Macrobrachium nipponense from seven geographic locations in the Yellow River basin were investigated using 20 polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. The genetic diversity between populations was indicated by the mean number of alleles per locus and mean observed heterozygosity (H) and the expected H, which was arranged from 2 to 10, from 0.4705 to 0.5731, and from 0.5174 to 0.6146, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis indicated that a deficiency of heterozygotes existed in all seven populations. Both the F(ST) and AMOVA analyses showed that there is significant difference on population differentiation among populations. The UPGMA clustering tree demonstrated that their close relationship is consistent with their geographic proximity. The data suggest that this Yellow River population has a wide genetic base that is suitable for breeding.
Asunto(s)
Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Palaemonidae/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Animales , Marcadores Genéticos , Heterocigoto , MutaciónRESUMEN
In this study, two Sxl gene homologs, designated as Mnsxl1 and Mnsxl2, were cloned and characterized from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced amino acid sequences of Mnsxl1 and Mnsxl2 showed high sequence homology to the insect Sxl and contained conserved domains in two RNA-binding motifs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) showed that the Mnsxl1 and Mnsxl2 genes were expressed in all investigated tissues, with the highest level of expression in the intestine and liver. RT-QPCR also revealed that Mnsxl1 and Mnsxl2 mRNAs expressions were both significantly increased at 5 and 20 days post-larvae after metamorphosis. Thus, the results of the present study imply that Mnsxl1 and Mnsxl2 play complex and important roles in the sex differentiation of M. nipponense.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética , Palaemonidae/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Larva/genética , Larva/metabolismo , Masculino , Metamorfosis Biológica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Especificidad de Órganos , Palaemonidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Palaemonidae/metabolismo , Filogenia , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Procesos de Determinación del Sexo , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
Hypoxia can affect energy metabolism. We examined gene expression and enzyme activity related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, as well as myosin heavy chain (MyHC) types in yaks (Bos grunniens) living at high altitudes. Real-time quantitative PCR assays indicated that the yak has significantly lower levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) mRNA in the biceps femoris and lower levels of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA in both biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi than in Yellow cattle. No significant differences between yak and Yellow cattle were observed in the activities of mitochondrial ß-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the same muscles. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the MyHC 1 mRNA levels in yak biceps femoris was lower than in Yellow cattle. We conclude that the yak has significantly lower mRNA levels of CPT, UCP3, and MyHC 1 in biceps femoris than in Yellow cattle, suggesting that the yak biceps femoris has lower fatty acid oxidation capacity and greater glycolytic metabolic potential.