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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a central hub for protein synthesis, folding, and lipid biosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for optimal cellular function, and one mechanism that has garnered attention is endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagy, or ER-phagy. ER-phagy selectively removes specific ER portions, playing a pivotal role in cellular health and adaptation to environmental stressors. ER-phagy can be induced by diverse cellular conditions such as amino acid starvation, disruption of ER quality control mechanisms, and accumulation of misfolded ER protein, highlighting cellular adaptability and the significance of ER-phagy in stress responses. Clinically relevant mutations in ER-phagy receptors are implicated in various diseases, underlining the fundamental importance of ER-phagy in ER homeostasis. Here, we provide comprehensive protocols and general considerations while investigating ER-phagy using three fundamental techniques-Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry-commonly used in ER-phagy detection and quantitation.
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Autofagia , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Retículo Endoplásmico , Citometría de Flujo , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Citometría de Flujo/métodos , Western Blotting/métodos , Animales , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente/métodosRESUMEN
Neck pain is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders affecting the general population. During the 2019 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, students have increasingly resorted to online learning, requiring prolonged use of electronic devices. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors influencing neck pain during online learning. The study employed a cross-sectional design. Eligible participants were nursing students who had been receiving online instruction for a duration exceeding 3 months. To develop the study instrument, the researchers integrated the study objectives with insights from an extensive literature review. This process culminated in the creation of a comprehensive online questionnaire designed to capture relevant data. The prevalence of neck pain among students was analyzed for both the pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 periods. The chi-square test was utilized to compare the occurrence of neck pain between these 2 periods, while binary logistic regression was employed to examine the association between various influencing factors and neck pain. This study revealed that out of the 426 students who participated in the study, 391 were female (91.8%) and 35 were male (8.2%). The prevalence of neck pain during online learning (62.7%) was significantly higher than before online learning (37.3%) (Pâ <â .05). A significant correlation was also found between neck pain and learning while lying on a bed or table, duration of use of electronic devices, and exercising habits (Pâ <â .05). The prevalence of neck pain among students has significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term impact of distance learning on undergraduate students. Additionally, it is imperative to develop and implement targeted intervention programs based on the identified influencing factors to mitigate the prevalence of neck pain and alleviate neck discomfort.
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COVID-19 , Educación a Distancia , Dolor de Cuello , Humanos , Dolor de Cuello/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , COVID-19/epidemiología , Educación a Distancia/métodos , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes de Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , SARS-CoV-2 , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) triggers endothelial pyroptosis and is associated with a multitude of pathological cardiovascular manifestations, including atherosclerosis. However, the associated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated a novel transcriptional regulator upstream of JAK2. METHODS: We validated the binding and regulation of Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and JAK2 using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein localization in cells and tissues. Immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome, and Oil Red O staining were used to identify tissue lesions. Transcriptional functions were investigated using in vitro and in vivo coronary artery disease (CAD) atherosclerosis models. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of JAK2 were considerably higher in both the cardiac tissues of mice and the peripheral blood of patients with CAD than in equivalent controls. JAK2 expression increased markedly in the coronary arteries of ApoeKO mice, whereas FOXC1 expression exhibited a decreasing trend. In vitro, FOXC1 bound to the JAK2 promoter region and inversely regulated the expression of JAK2. Mechanistic studies have revealed that the FOXC1-JAK2 pathway regulates pyroptosis and participates in the pathogenesis of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). In vivo, the suppression of FOXC1 was confirmed to stimulate the levels of JAK2 and pyroptosis, contributing to the pathological progression of aortic and coronary artery damage. CONCLUSIONS: We established the FOXC1-JAK2 regulatory pathway and verified its reverse-regulatory function in CAD pyroptosis. Our data emphasizes that FOXC1 is critical for the treatment of pyroptosis-induced injury in patients with CAD.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Vasos Coronarios , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead , Janus Quinasa 2 , Piroptosis , Animales , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Janus Quinasa 2/genética , Humanos , Vasos Coronarios/patología , Vasos Coronarios/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genética , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/patología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/metabolismo , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Ratones , Células Endoteliales/enzimología , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/patología , Masculino , Transducción de Señal , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Noqueados para ApoE , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Regiones Promotoras GenéticasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Daytime sleepiness affects work efficiency, occupational safety, and public health. Although previous studies have reported an association between environmental carbon dioxide (eCO2) and daytime sleepiness, it has been challenging to draw a firm conclusion due to the lack of standardized sampling and profiling protocols. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of pure CO2 exposure at 5000 (ppm, parts per million) on daytime sleepiness. METHODS: Eleven healthy participants (males of 24 ± 3 years, mean ± SD) completed a four-nap multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) protocol in the environmentally controlled chamber under two conditions: the CO2 condition (4851 ± 229 ppm) and the Control condition (1102 ± 204 ppm). The subjective sleepiness level and cognitive performances were also evaluated using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) questionnaire, Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), and Stroop test after each nap session. RESULTS: A significant reduction in sleep latency was observed in the CO2 exposure condition (Control vs. CO2 = 13.1 ± 3.3 min vs. 9.7 ± 3.2 min). The subjective sleepiness scores were also significantly higher in the CO2 exposure condition than in the Control condition (Control vs. CO2 = 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 4.7 ± 0.8). Cognitive responses after naps showed no significant difference across conditions. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that exposure to environmental CO2 at a concentration as high as the upper safety limit at work sites significantly shortened the sleep latency and enhanced subjective sleepiness during naps in the MSLT without affecting cognitive responses after each exposure. Our results demonstrated that exposure to high environmental CO2 induces daytime sleepiness that potentially compromises work efficiency and safety.
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The diversity of fungi in wheat with different deoxynivalenol (DON) content at various periods post-harvest and in the environment of storage were investigated. The changes in DON content were measured with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and an amplicon sequence analysis of fungi was performed in traditional storage structures using high-throughput sequencing. The changes in temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration were collected by sensors. In addition, we analyzed principal component analysis, species composition, species differences, and community differences of fungi. There was an obvious separation of the fungal communities under different storage conditions and times. Many fungal genera were gradually decreasing during storage and were eventually undetectable, and many fungal genera that were undetectable at first gradually increased during storage and even became dominant fungal genera. The competition between fungi was fierce. The competition between fungi were affected by the presence of DON. As the initial DON content increased, the contribution of inter-group differences became more obvious. The temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration of wheat in the silo's environment changed with extended storage time. The content of DON decreased with extended storage time. We had investigated the changes in DON content and their correlation with the changes in fungal communities and environmental factors, which showed a high degree of correlation. This study offers theoretical justification for optimizing safe wheat grain in traditional storage conditions.
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Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Hongos , Triticum , Triticum/microbiología , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/genética , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Tricotecenos/análisis , Micobioma , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Temperatura , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Microbiología de Alimentos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta PresiónRESUMEN
A catalytic asymmetric α-hydroxylation of pyridinone-fused lactones, containing the core structure of camptothecin, is described. Development of a novel spiropyrrolidine amide (SPA) derived triazolium bromide organo-cation catalyst is crucial for a highly enantioselective oxidation, which also accommodates a wide array of lactones with various substituents. The resulting tricyclic tertiary alcohol with an oxa-quaternary carbon center can be further applied in the synthesis of SN-38 and irinotecan, two anti-cancer drugs derived from camptothecin.
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Oxetane has been extensively studied for its applications in medicinal chemistry and as a reactive intermediate in synthesis. Experiments report a Cu-catalyzed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of acetone and norbornene to oxetane, which is proposed to deviate from the conventional Paternò-Büchi reaction. However, its mechanism at the atomic level is not clear. In this study, we used a combination of multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) and density functional theory to systematically investigate the reaction mechanism and elucidate the factors contributing to the diastereomeric selectivity. Initially, the formation of the TpCu(Norb) complex is achieved by strong interaction between tris(pyrazolyl)borate Cu(I) (TpCu) and norbornene in the ground state (S0). Upon photoexcitation, TpCu(Norb) eventually decays to the T1 state, in which TpCu(Norb) attacks acetone to initiate subsequent reactions and produces final endo- or exo-oxetane products. All these reactions initially involve the C-C bond formation in the T1 state thereto leading to a ring-opening intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes a nonradiative transition to the S0 state, producing a five-membered ring intermediate, from which the C-O bond is formed, leading to the experimentally dominant exo-product. In contrast, the endo-oxetane formation requires a rearrangement process after the C-C bond is formed because of the large steric effects. As a consequence, the different reaction pathways generating exo- and endo-products exhibit large differences in the free-energy barriers, which results in a diastereomeric selectivity observed experimentally. Additionally, the nonradiative transition is found to play an important role in facilitating these reaction steps. The present computational study provides valuable mechanistic insights into Cu-catalyzed photocycloaddition reactions.
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of bronchial epithelial cells is considered to be a crucial player in asthma. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), an RNA methyltransferase, is implicated in multiple pathological processes, including EMT, cell proliferation and migration. However, the role of METTL14 in asthma remains uncertain. This research aimed to explore the biological functions of METTL14 in asthma and its underlying upstream mechanisms. METTL14 expression was down-regulated in asthmatic from three GEO datasets (GSE104468, GSE165934, and GSE74986). Consistent with this trend, METTL14 was decreased in the lung tissues of OVA-induced asthmatic mice and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) in this study. Overexpression of METTL14 caused reduction in mesenchymal markers (FN1, N-cad, Col-1 and α-SMA) in TGF-ß1-treated cells, but caused increase in epithelial markers (E-cad), thus inhibiting EMT. Also, METTL14 suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of TGF-ß1-treated Beas-2B cells. Two transcription factors, ETS1 and RBPJ, could both bind to the promoter region of METTL14 and drive its expression. Elevating METTL14 expression could reversed EMT, cell proliferation and migration promoted by ETS1 or RBPJ deficiency. These results indicate that the ETS1/METTL14 and RBPJ/METTL14 transcription axes exhibit anti-EMT, anti-proliferation and anti-migration functions in TGF-ß1-induced bronchial epithelial cells, implying that METTL14 may be considered an alternative candidate target for the treatment of asthma.
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Asma , Bronquios , Células Epiteliales , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Metiltransferasas , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-ets-1 , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Humanos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/genética , Animales , Bronquios/metabolismo , Bronquios/patología , Bronquios/citología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Ratones , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-ets-1/metabolismo , Proteína Proto-Oncogénica c-ets-1/genética , Asma/patología , Asma/metabolismo , Asma/genética , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Movimiento Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
SIGNIFICANCE: This study has shown a vibrotactile sensory substitution device (SSD) prototype, VibroSight, has the potential to improve functional outcomes (i.e., obstacle avoidance, face detection) for people with profound vision loss, even with brief familiarization (<20 minutes). PURPOSE: Mobility aids such as long canes are still the mainstay of support for most people with vision loss, but they do have limitations. Emerging technologies such as SSDs are gaining widespread interest in the low vision community. The aim of this project was to assess the efficacy of a prototype vibrotactile SSD for people with profound vision loss in the face detection and obstacle avoidance tasks. METHODS: The VibroSight device was tested in a movement laboratory setting. The first task involved obstacle avoidance, in which participants were asked to walk through an obstacle course. The second was a face detection task, in which participants were asked to step toward the first face they detected. Exit interviews were also conducted to gather user experience data. Both people with low vision (n = 7) and orientation and mobility instructors (n = 4) completed the tasks. RESULTS: In obstacle avoidance task, participants were able to use the device to detect (p<0.001) and avoid (p<0.001) the obstacles within a significantly larger range, but were slower (p<0.001), when compared with without the device. In face detection task, participants demonstrated a great level of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity when using the device. Interviews revealed a positive user experience, although participants identified that they would require a lighter and compact design for real-world use. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results verified the functionality of vibrotactile SSD prototype. Further research is warranted to evaluate the user performance after an extended training program and to add new features, such as object recognition software algorithms, into the device.
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Diseño de Equipo , Auxiliares Sensoriales , Vibración , Humanos , Vibración/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Baja Visión/fisiopatología , Baja Visión/rehabilitación , Tacto/fisiología , Anciano , Personas con Daño Visual/rehabilitaciónRESUMEN
Research on Chinese parenting styles using representative samples is limited, particularly during COVID-19, with most studies focusing on individual factors while neglecting regional influences. This study examines the impact of provincial income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, on parenting styles and how these effects vary across subgroups. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020, encompassing 3768 children aged 7-16 years from 25 regions, we employed a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the predictability of provincial income inequality on parenting styles identified through latent class analysis. Three parenting styles emerged during the first year of COVID-19: authoritarian (48.2%), autonomy granting (27.7%), and average-level undifferentiated (24.1%). A higher Gini coefficient related to a greater likelihood of parents adopting authoritarian or autonomy-granting parenting styles over average-level undifferentiated parenting. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher likelihood of adopting autonomy-granting and authoritarian parenting for male children compared to female. Mothers with lower education levels and parents in rural areas tend to favor authoritarian parenting in response to higher income inequality. This trend was less evident among more educated mothers and parents living in urban areas. These findings suggest that parenting styles in China are influenced by complex and region-specific factors.
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Hypertrophic scarring is a fibro-proliferative disorder caused by abnormal cutaneous wound healing. Circulating metabolites and the gut microbiome may be involved in the formation of these scars, but high-quality evidence of causality is lacking. To assess whether circulating metabolites and the gut microbiome contain genetically predicted modifiable risk factors for hypertrophic scar formation. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using MR-Egger, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, maximum likelihood, and weighted median methods. Based on the genome-wide significance level, genetically predicted uridine (P = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 1903.514, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.280-846,616.433) and isovalerylcarnitine (P = 0.039, OR = 7.765, 95% CI 1.106-54.512) were positively correlated with hypertrophic scar risk, while N-acetylalanine (P = 0.013, OR = 7.98E-10, 95% CI 5.19E-17-0.012) and glycochenodeoxycholate (P = 0.021, OR = 0.021 95% CI 0.003-0.628) were negatively correlated. Gastranaerophilales and two unknown gut microbe species (P = 0.031, OR = 0.378, 95% CI 0.156-0.914) were associated with an decreased risk of hypertrophic scarring. Circulating metabolites and gut microbiome components may have either positive or negative causal effects on hypertrophic scar formation. The study provides new insights into strategies for diagnosing and limiting hypertrophic scarring.
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Cicatriz Hipertrófica , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/microbiología , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/sangre , Cicatriz Hipertrófica/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
The main units of persimmon proanthocyanidins (PAs) are composed of flavan-3-ols including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG). Precise quantification of GCG is challenging due to its trace amounts in persimmon. In this study, to establish the optimal UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS technique for the determination of PAs monomer composition in persimmon fruit flesh of different astringency types, mass spectrometry and chromatographic conditions were optimized. The results showed that when operating in negative ion mode, using a T3 chromatographic column (a type of C18 column with high-strength silica), acetonitrile as the organic phase, a 0.1% mobile phase acid content, and a mobile phase flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, the chromatographic peak shape and resolution of the PAs monomer composition improved. Additionally, there was no tailing phenomenon observed in the chromatographic peaks. At the same time, the intra-day and inter-day precision, stability, and recovery of the procedure were good. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of stability was less than 5%. The intra-day precision was in the range of 1.14% to 2.36%, and the inter-day precision ranged from 1.03% to 2.92%, both of which were less than 5%. The recovery rate ranged from 94.43% to 98.59% with an RSD less than 5%. The results showed that the UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS technique established in this study can not only be used for the quantification of EGCG and GCG in persimmon fruit flesh but also be suitable for analyzing other PAs monomer compositions, providing robust support for the related research on persimmon PAs.
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Background: The utility of large language model-based (LLM) artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in many aspects of healthcare is becoming apparent though their ability to address patient concerns remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the performance of two well-known, freely-accessible chatbots, ChatGPT and Google Bard, in responding to common questions about stroke rehabilitation posed by patients and their caregivers. Methods: We collected questions from outpatients and their caregivers through a survey, categorised them by theme, and created representative questions to be posed to both chatbots. We then evaluated the chatbots' responses based on accuracy, safety, relevance, and readability. Interrater agreement was also tracked. Results: Although both chatbots achieved similar overall scores, Google Bard performed slightly better in relevance and safety. Both provided readable responses with some general accuracy, but struggled with hallucinated responses, were often not specific, and lacked awareness of the possibility for emotional situations with the potential to turn dangerous. Additionally, interrater agreement was low, highlighting the variability in physician acceptance of their responses. Conclusions: AI chatbots show potential in patient-facing support roles, but issues remain regarding safety, accuracy, and relevance. Future chatbots should address these problems to ensure that they can reliably and independently manage the concerns and questions of stroke patients and their caregivers.
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Aim: This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of cancer prehabilitation programs delivered through technological enablers compared to conventional face-to-face interventions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, searching PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies published from inception to February 6, 2024. Studies were included if they involved adult cancer patients in primary research, utilized technology for prehabilitation, and assessed functional, psychological, and quality of life outcomes. Results: Sixteen studies were included, encompassing wearables, apps, teleprehabilitation, and virtual reality. All studies reported feasibility, but challenges included technical issues, lack of supervision, and non-compliance. Effectiveness depended on intervention rigor and technology type. Wearables offered objective monitoring but faced compliance issues. Videoconferencing provided supervision and could mitigate compliance concerns. Multimodal programs and intervention-specific outcome measures were recommended. Conclusion: Technology-based prehabilitation programs seem feasible, but effectiveness depends on intervention design and technology employed. Future research should focus on developing robust evidence to guide clinical practice and explore the potential of integrated technological solutions. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022376028.
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Fusarium proliferatum is the main pathogen that causes Panax notoginseng root rot. The shortcomings of strong volatility and poor water solubility of Illicium verum essential oil (EO) limit its utilization. In this study, we prepared traditional emulsion (BDT) and nanoemulsion (Bneo) of I. verum EO by ultrasonic method with Tween-80 and absolute ethanol as solvents. The chemical components of EO, BDT, and Bneo were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antifungal activity and mechanism were compared. The results show that Bneo has good stability and its particle size is 34.86 nm. The contents of (-) -anethole and estragole in Bneo were significantly higher than those in BDT. The antifungal activity against F. proliferatum was 5.8-fold higher than BDT. In the presence of I. verum EO, the occurrence of P. notoginseng root rot was significantly reduced. By combining transcriptome and metabolomics analysis, I. verum EO was found to be involved in the mutual transformation of pentose and glucuronic acid, galactose metabolism, streptomycin biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and other metabolic pathways of F. proliferatum, and it interfered with the normal growth of F. proliferatum to exert antifungal effects. This study provide a theoretical basis for expanding the practical application of Bneo.
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Antifúngicos , Emulsiones , Fusarium , Illicium , Metabolómica , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Fusarium/efectos de los fármacos , Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/metabolismo , Illicium/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/química , Emulsiones/química , Transcriptoma , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Perfilación de la Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: A 30-yr-old patient with Becker muscular dystrophy presented with stroke. Background issues of proximal weakness, dilated cardiomyopathy, and reduced endurance challenged the usual goal-setting and formulation of a stroke rehabilitation plan. We discuss the holistic rehabilitation program that this patient underwent, with a focus on the utilization of robot-assisted gait training that eventually led him to successfully regain mobility.
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Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Robótica , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/rehabilitación , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/complicaciones , Adulto , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular/métodos , Masculino , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/rehabilitación , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/etiología , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Recuperación de la FunciónRESUMEN
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to evaluate product's life cycle environmental impact and identify the environmental weaknesses. However, it is difficult for existing LCA software to perform flexible LCA analysis based on the product life cycle characteristics and industry background. Meanwhile, under the existing LCA research model, product designers and manufacturers are usually not LCA evaluators, resulting in a certain time gap between the evaluation results and product improvement. Designers with less experience in green design often find it difficult to identify high environmental impact links in products at different life cycle stages and product levels, and updated products are challenging to meet various environmental restrictions. This paper establishes a multi-module product life cycle analysis model that combines product industry background that includes basic information, assessment information, structural information, and restriction information to achieve the multi-scenario of product LCA in different dimensions in a typical domain. The calculated mechanism of the dynamic power emission factor is built according to the service time and space dimensions. The proposed method forms an integrated environmental performance evaluation of household appliance (EPEHA) system. A software assessment and an optimization method are proposed to improve the EPEHA system. The results of this study show that these proposed methods can improve the timeliness and diversity of results analysis of product LCA in the field of household appliances in China. The universal data exchange format and simple operation interface of the EPEHA system enable people related to the product to quickly understand the environmental impact of the product in different scenarios, even if they lack green design knowledge and professional software training.
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Ambiente , Televisión , Industrias , China , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
Protein aggregation is a pathological feature in various neurodegenerative diseases and is thought to play a crucial role in the onset and progression of neurological disorders. This pathological phenomenon has attracted increasing attention from researchers, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Researchers are increasingly interested in identifying chemicals or methods that can effectively detect protein aggregation or maintain protein stability to prevent aggregation formation. To date, several methods are available for detecting protein aggregates, including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and molecular detection methods. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of methods to observe protein aggregation in situ under a microscope. This article reviews the two main aspects of protein aggregation: the mechanisms and detection methods of protein aggregation. The aim is to provide clues for the development of new methods to study this pathological phenomenon.
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Agregación Patológica de Proteínas , Humanos , Animales , Agregación Patológica de Proteínas/metabolismo , Agregado de Proteínas/fisiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The II-I phase transition of isotactic poly(1-butene) (iPBu) leads to improved mechanical performance. However, this will take several weeks and increase storage and processing costs. In this work, shear forces are introduced into the supercooled iPBu melt, and the effects of isothermal crystallization temperature (Tc) and shear temperature (Tshear) on crystallization and phase transition are explored. Shear-induced transcrystalline morphology of Form II with a significantly shortened crystallization induction period can be observed at relatively high Tc (105 °C). Besides, the shear-induced Form II can transit to Form I faster than the unsheared one. In addition, the phase transition rate increases as the Tshear decreases, with the fastest rate occurring at Tshear of 120 °C. The half transition time (t1/2) is measured as 6.3 h when Tc = 105 °C, Tshear = 120 °C, which is much shorter than the 20.7 h required for unsheared samples. The accelerated phase transition of iPBu can be attributed to the stretching of molecular chains, resulting from shear treatment. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the influence of the shear treatment and the Tshear on the II-I phase transition rate. It also presents a cost-effective and straightforward approach for expediting the phase transition process.