RESUMEN
Liver diseases are one of the fatal disorders due to the vital role of the liver. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is the most perceived chemical substance utilized in developing models of hepatic damage. Metformin (Met) is a potent antidiabetic and redox modulatory agent that has shown anticancer and protective effects on various organs. Therefore, addition of therapy with natural antioxidative agents or herbal extracts shows defensive impacts against different injuries inside the body. Luteolin (Lut) can be found in several customary Chinese remedies. It has been reported for various pharmacological actions such as antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory impacts. Here, the liver injury rat model was established using CCl4 (1.00 mL/kg body weight) in vivo. The protective roles of Met and Lut separately or in combination were observed in hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 . The result was shown that both Met and Lut, while individually used, were normally active in diminishing CCl4 -caused hepatotoxicity. The combination of two drugs performed synergistically to improve liver damage caused by CCl4 , as shown by the considerably improved liver dysfunction. Met and Lut showed highly antioxidative effects on CCl4 -treated rats moderately by increasing the activities and expression of the antioxidant enzymes. Along with this, a combination of Met and Lut significantly suppressed inflammatory responses, which is evidenced by the reduced level of inflammatory cytokines together with interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Additionally, CCl4 -agitated apoptosis was intensely reduced by Met and Lut through reducing cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (pro-apoptotic factor) while increasing Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic factor) signaling pathways. Cotreatments of Met and Lut upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the CCl4 -intoxicated rat's liver. The above result recommended that combination of Met and Lut may have a substantial potential and synergizing impact against CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/genética , Luteolina/farmacología , Metformina/farmacología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Tetracloruro de Carbono/administración & dosificación , Caspasa 3/genética , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/genética , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Combinación de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hemo Oxigenasa (Desciclizante)/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective To analyze the correlation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with waist,hip circumference and body mass index in order to explore the prevention countermeasures.Methods The datum of routine physical examination and questionnaire survey among 2 503 employees of 12 enterprises in November 2013 were collected.The indexes of height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure,blood lipid and blood glucose of the subjects were measured.The grouping was according to whether the subjects suffering from NAFLID.The correlation and epidemiological characteristics between each group and the risk factors of body weight,waist,hip circumference and body mass index were analyzed.Results 2 503 subjects were collected including 490 NAFLID patients (19.57％).The body weight and body mass index of NAFLID patients were significantly lower than those of the control group.The result of BMI classification showed that the subjects of the control group were overweight while the subjects with NAFLID were obesity.The waist circumference and hip circumference of NAFLID patients were significantly larger than that of the control group.Conclusions Larger waist and hip circumference and overweight are risk factors of NAFLID.Effective intervention measures,scientific control of body weight,rational diet,the strengthening of physical exercises should be taken in order to prevent and control the development of fatty liver.