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The community population based studies on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and liver injury are limited. The study aimed to clarify the association between sleep apnea (SA) and liver injury by using the data in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. SA was assessed by the sleep questionnaire and liver injury was evaluated by liver function test, hepatic steatosis index, and fibrosis-4. Weighted multivariable linear regression was performed to examine the association between SA and liver injury. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. A total of 19,362 eligible participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, the presence of SA was significantly associated with increased levels of lnALT, lnAST/alanine aminotransferase, lnGGT, and lnHSI (all P values < .05), but not with lnFIB-4 (P > .05). There is a dose-response relationship between the severity of SA and increased levels of lnALT, lnGGT, and decreased levels of lnAST/alanine aminotransferase (test for trend, all P values < .05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the positive association between SA and liver function, liver steatosis showed a tendency to exist in nonobese, younger, non-Hispanic Black, and male populations. Sensitive analysis showed the relationship between SA and liver injury was stable. Self-reported SA was independently associated with elevated liver enzymes and liver steatosis among US population. The association was more pronounced among nonobese, younger, non-Hispanic Black, and male populations.

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BACKGROUND: The clinical evidence for the effects of different doses of intranasal dexmedetomidine on emergence delirium/ emergence agitation (ED/EA) in children is lacking. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the databases until December 30, 2023. All randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of different dosage of intranasl dexamedetomidine in children younger than 18 years on postoperative ED/ EA were included. Data analysis was conducted using R 4.3.0. RESULTS: A total of 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1566 children were included. Compared to 0.5 µg/kg (RR = 4.81, 95%CI = 1.66-13.94), and normal saline (RR = 8.23, 95%CI = 4.63-14.65), intranasal dexmedetomidine at doses of 2 µg/kg significantly reduced the incidence of ED/ EA in children. 2 µg/kg was the most effective dosage in reducing the incidence of ED/ EA (Probability of rank = 0.75), the incidence of severe ED/ EA (Probability of rank = 0.45), and ED/ EA score (Probability of rank = 0.65). Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine at doses of 2 µg/kg significantly reduced the PACU pain compared to 0.5 µg/kg (RR = 0.42, 95%CI = -0.22-1.06), 1 µg/kg (RR = 0.18, 95%CI = -0.26-0.63), 1.5 µg/kg (RR = 1.00, 95%CI = -0.54-0.75), and normal saline (RR = 8.23, 95%CI = 4.63-14.65), with a probability of rank = 0.45. CONCLUSION: 2µg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine is the optimum dose for reducing the occurrence of ED/ EA and postoperative pain. However, further research is required to verify our findings.

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PURPOSE: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise worldwide. We utilizes data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 to analyze the national-level burden of IBD, trends in disease incidence, and epidemiological characteristics. METHODS: Detailed information on IBD was gathered from 204 countries and territories spanning 1990 to 2021, sourced from the GBD 2021. Calculations were performed for incidence rates, mortality rates, disease-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were analyzed based on region, nationality, age, gender, and World Bank income level stratifications. RESULTS: The global age-standardised incident rate (ASIR) of IBD increased from 4.22 per 100000 in 1990 to 4.45 per 100000 in 2021. However, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 0.60 per 100000 in 1990 to 0.52 per 100000 in 2021. Similarly, the age-standardised DALYs rate decreased from 21.55 per 100000 in 1990 to 18.07 per 100000 in 2021. Gender comparisons showed negligible differences in disease burden. The greatest increase in IBD-associated ASIR and ASMR occurred in World Bank upper-middle income region (EAPCs, 1.25) and World Bank high-income region (EAPCs, 1.00), respectively. Regionally, East Asia experienced the largest increase in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.89). Among 204 countries, China had the greatest increases in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.93), Netherlands had the highest ASMR in 2021 (2.21 per 100000). CONCLUSIONS: Global incidence rate of IBD have been increasing from 1990 to 2021, while the DALYs and mortality have been decreasing. The escalating incident rates in select Asian regions deserves further attention.

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Radiomics offers a noninvasive avenue for predicting clinicopathological factors. However, thorough investigations into a robust breast cancer outcome-predicting model and its biological significance remain limited. This study develops a robust radiomic model for prognosis prediction, and further excavates its biological foundation and transferring prediction performance. We retrospectively collected preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data from three distinct breast cancer patient cohorts. In FUSCC cohort (n = 466), Lasso was used to select features correlated with patient prognosis and multivariate Cox regression was utilized to integrate these features and build the radiomic risk model, while multiomic analysis was conducted to investigate the model's biological implications. DUKE cohort (n = 619) and I-SPY1 cohort (n = 128) were used to test the performance of the radiomic signature in outcome prediction. A thirteen-feature radiomic signature was identified in the FUSCC cohort training set and validated in the FUSCC cohort testing set, DUKE cohort and I-SPY1 cohort for predicting relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (RFS: p = 0.013, p = 0.024 and p = 0.035; OS: p = 0.036, p = 0.005 and p = 0.027 in the three cohorts). Multiomic analysis uncovered metabolic dysregulation underlying the radiomic signature (ATP metabolic process: NES = 1.84, p-adjust = 0.02; cholesterol biosynthesis: NES = 1.79, p-adjust = 0.01). Regarding the therapeutic implications, the radiomic signature exhibited value when combining clinical factors for predicting the pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (DUKE cohort, AUC = 0.72; I-SPY1 cohort, AUC = 0.73). In conclusion, our study identified a breast cancer outcome-predicting radiomic signature in a multicenter radio-multiomic study, along with its correlations with multiomic features in prognostic risk assessment, laying the groundwork for future prospective clinical trials in personalized risk stratification and precision therapy.

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PURPOSE: This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of alveolar bone at mandibular first molar (MFM) and their implications for immediate implant placement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with 140 MFMs were reviewed retrospectively. We first performed a 3D reconstruction of the patient's CBCT data to determine a reference plane with ideal implant placement and orientation. The following parameters of MFM region were analyzed: mesial-distal socket size (MD-SS), buccal-lingual socket size (BL-SS), root furcation fornix to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) distance (RF-I), interradicular bone thickness (IRB), mesial/distal root apex to the IAN distance (MRA-I/DRA-I), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the mesial root (MR-B/MR-L), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the distal root (DR-B/DR-L). RESULTS: The MD-SS of MFM was 8.74 ± 0.76 mm, and the BL-SS was 8.26 ± 0.72 mm. The MR-B, DR-B was 1.01 ± 0.40 mm and 1.14 ± 0.50 mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .001). The values of the MR-L, DR-L were 2.71 ± 0.78 mm and 3.09 ± 0.73 mm, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < .001). The mean distance of RF-I was 15.68 ± 2.13 mm, and the MRA-I was 7.06 ± 2.22 mm, which was greater than that of DRA-I (6.48 ± 2.30 mm, P < .001). The IRB at 2 mm, 4 mm apical from the furcation fornix, and at apex level was 2.81 ± 0.50 mm, 3.30 ± 0.62 mm, and 4.44 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is relatively sufficient bone mass in interradicular bone in height, but an adequate width is lacking for the bone between the mesial and distal root after the extraction of the MFM for immediate implantation. The thickness of the MFM buccal bone is relative thin, especially for the mesial root.

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Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a severe occupational disease resulting from prolonged exposure to coal dust. However, its pathogenesis remains elusive, compounded by a lack of early detection markers and effective treatments. Although the impact of gut microbiota on lung diseases is acknowledged, its specific role in CWP is unclear. This study aims to explore changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in CWP, while also assessing the correlation between gut microbes and alterations in lung function. Fecal specimens from 43 CWP patients and 48 dust-exposed workers (DEW) were examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiota and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolite profiling. We observed similar gut microbial α-diversity but significant differences in flora composition (ß-diversity) between patients with CWP and the DEW group. After adjusting for age using multifactorial linear regression analysis (MaAsLin2), the distinct gut microbiome profile in CWP patients revealed an increased presence of pro-inflammatory microorganisms such as Klebsiella and Haemophilus. Furthermore, in CWP patients, alterations in gut microbiota-particularly reduced α-diversity and changes in microbial composition-were significantly correlated with impaired pulmonary function, a relationship not observed in DEW. This underscores the specific impact of gut microbiota on pulmonary health in individuals with CWP. Metabolomic analysis of fecal samples from CWP patients and DEW identified 218 differential metabolites between the two groups, with a predominant increase in metabolites in CWP patients, suggesting enhanced metabolic activity in CWP. Key altered metabolites included various lipids, amino acids, and organic compounds, with silibinin emerging as a potential biomarker. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis linked these metabolites to pathways relevant to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, studies on the interaction between microbiota and metabolites showed positive correlations between certain bacteria and increased metabolites in CWP, further elucidating the complex interplay in this disease state. Our findings suggest a potential contributory role of gut microbiota in CWP pathogenesis through metabolic regulation, with implications for diagnostic biomarkers and understanding disease mechanisms, warranting further molecular investigation. IMPORTANCE: The findings have significant implications for the early diagnosis and treatment of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, highlighting the potential of gut microbiota as diagnostic biomarkers. They pave the way for new research into gut microbiota-based therapeutic strategies, potentially focusing on modifying gut microbiota to mitigate disease progression.

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Sugammadex (SUG) is a novel antagonist of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). The NMBA rocuronium is usually employed to obtain better surgical conditions in kidney transplant. Nevertheless, rocuronium has several disadvantages, such as an increased risk of pulmonary complications. Thus, SUG is vital to kidney-transplant surgery. However, because SUG is excreted by the kidneys in prototypes, the pharmacokinetics (PK) may be affected in patients with renal impairment. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to monitor SUG in plasma samples to investigate the PK of SUG in kidney-transplant patients. Due to the complexity and limitation of other methods of sample preparation, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was adopted to purify samples. Chromatographic separation was obtained using a reversed-phase Polaris® C18 column and gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid (FA) in water as phase A and in methanol (MeOH) as phase B as mobile phases. The transitions 999.7 → 963.9 (m/z) and 1055.7 → 1012.2 (m/z) were used to quantify SUG and ORG26265, respectively, under negative electrospray ionization. A linear calibration curve was achieved in concentrations varying from 100 to 10 000 ng mL-1. The acceptable accuracy varied from 95.7% to 106.4%, and intra- and inter-precision did not exceed 15% (20% at the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ)). The matrix effect, stability, dilution integrity, and carry-over were validated. This method was applied successfully for the PK study of 13 recipients and 12 donors of kidney transplant after intravenous injection of SUG (2 mL per kg bodyweight).

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Large-scale phase III clinical trials of Olaparib have revealed benefits for ovarian cancer patients with BRCA gene mutations or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). However, fewer than 50% of ovarian cancer patients have both BRCA mutations and HRD. Therefore, improving the effect of Olaparib in HR-proficient patients is of great clinical value. Here, a combination strategy comprising Olaparib and CDK12-IN-3 effectively inhibited the growth of HR-proficient ovarian cancer in cell line, patient-derived organoid (PDO), and mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, the combination strategy induced severe DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, increased NHEJ activity in the G2 phase, and reduced HR activity in cancer cells. Mechanistically, the combination treatment impaired Ku80 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and phosphorylation, resulting in PARP1-Ku80 complex dissociation. After dissociation, Ku80 occupancy at DSBs and the resulting Ku80-primed NHEJ activity were increased. Owing to Ku80-mediated DNA end protection, MRE11 and Rad51 foci formation was inhibited after the combination treatment, suggesting that this treatment suppressed HR activity. Intriguingly, the combination strategy expedited cGAS nuclear relocalization, further suppressing HR and, conversely, increasing genomic instability. Moreover, the inhibitory effect on cell survival persisted after drug withdrawal. These findings provide a rationale for the clinical application of CDK12-IN-3 in combination with Olaparib.

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Metal selenides have received extensive research attention as anode materials for batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their significant volume expansion and slow ion migration rate result in poor cycling stability and suboptimal rate performance. To address these issues, the present work utilized multivalent iron ions to construct fast pathways similar to superionic conductors (Fe-SSC) and introduced corresponding selenium vacancies to enhance its performance. Based on first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, it is demonstrated that the addition of iron ions and the presence of selenium vacancies reduced the material's work function and adsorption energy, lowered migration barriers, and enhances the migration rate of Li+ and Na+. In Li-ion half batteries, this composite material exhibites reversible capacity of 1048.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles and 483.6 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 after 1000 cycles. In Na-ion half batteries, it is 687.7 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 200 cycles and 325.9 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 after 1000 cycles. It is proven that materials based on Fe-SSC and selenium vacancies have great applications in both Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries.

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Background: Nutritional support has been identified as a potential intervention for cognitive frailty; however, the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], vitamin B12, and cognitive frailty remains ambiguous. Methods: This study utilized data from two cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate this relationship. The researchers constructed a 41-item frailty index encompassing diverse aspects of physical functioning, psychological evaluation, and medical conditions, and evaluated each participant individually. The study utilized Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and univariate ordered logistic regression to assess the relationships between variables and cognitive frailty. Recursive feature elimination and cross-validation methods were employed to identify the most influential variables for building and optimizing multivariate ordered logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were further conducted to validate the identified correlations. Results: The findings of this study confirm a negative linear correlation between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults. Specifically, a one-unit increase in 25-(OH)D levels was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of cognitive frailty. The result was further supported by subgroup analyses and interaction tests. Conclusion: The existence of a negatively correlated linear association between 25-(OH)D levels and cognitive frailty in older adults is plausible, but further rigorously designed longitudinal studies are necessary to validate this relationship.

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Two novel strains, YIM 133132T and YIM 133296, were isolated from lichen samples collected from Yunnan Province, Southwest PR China. YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 are aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile actinomycetes. They are also catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and YIM 133132T formed flat yellowish colonies that were relatively dry on YIM38 agar medium. Flat yellowish colonies of YIM 133296 were also observed on YIM38 agar medium. YIM 133132T grew at 25-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 represented members of the genus Luteipulveratus and exhibited high sequence similarity (96.93%) with Luteipulveratus halotolerans C296001T. The genomic DNA G+C content of both strains was 71.8%. The DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 were 85.1%, and the DNA-DNA hybridisation value between YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 and L. halotolerans C296001T was 23.4%. On the basis of the draft genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 and L. halotolerans C296001T was 80.8%. The major menaquinones that were identified were MK-8(H4), MK-9 and MK-8(H2). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, genomic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 can be clearly distinguished from L. halotolerans C296001T, and the two strains represent a novel species for which the name L. flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 133132T (CGMCC= 1.61357T and KCTC= 49824T).

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Endocrine therapy has become the fundamental treatment option for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). While treatments incorporating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and 6 inhibitors are more prevalent than ever, comparisons among those regimens are scarce. The aim of the present study was to identify the most effective maintenance treatment for patients with HR+ and HER2- mBC. To this end, databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August, 2023. The endpoints comprised overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). For dichotomous variants, hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were generated, while standard mean difference (SMD) was used for consecutive variants by Bayesian network meta-analysis to make pairwise comparisons among regimens, to determine the optimal therapy. These processes were conducted using Rstudio 4.2.2 orchestrated with STATA 17.0 MP. A total of 16 randomized controlled trials including 7,174 patients with 11 interventions were analyzed. Compared with aromatase inhibitor (AI), palbociclib plus AI (PalboAI) exhibited a significantly longer PFS up to the 36th month of follow-up [HR=1.7; 95% credible interval, 1.36-2.16], including on the 3rd [OR=2.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-4.47], 6th (OR=2.39; 95% CI, 1.21-4.69), 12th (OR=1.94; 95% CI, 1.34-2.79), 18th (OR=2.38; 95% CI, 1.65-3.44), 24th (OR=2.39; 95% CI, 1.67-3.43), 30th (OR=2.10; 95% CI, 1.62-2.74) and 36th (OR=2.66; 95% CI, 1.37-5.18) month of follow-up. Additionally, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant exhibited significant effects compared with AI alone between 12 and 36 months. Ribociclib plus fulvestrant, ribociclib plus AI and dalpiciclib plus AI exerted significant effects compared with AI alone between 12 and 30 months. Considering the effect on OS and PFS together with adverse reactions, safety, medical compliance and route of administration, PalboAI was found to be the optimal treatment for HR+/HER2-mBC. However, additional head-to-head clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.

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In recent decades, water pollution caused by emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, has attracted much attention. Antibiotics are commonly used pharmaceuticals, and their residue in water may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance genes, which can produce resistance to the treatment of diseases. In this study, two energy-based systems, heat/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and ultrasound (US)/PMS were chosen to treat the typical antibiotic tetracycline (TC) in water. The influencing factors and kinetic equations of TC degradation by heat/PMS and US/PMS were investigated and the rates of TC degradation by the two systems were compared. The results showed that the optimal PMS concentration required for TC degradation in both systems was 0.3 mM, and neither system was affected by solution pH. The power of the US in the US/PMS system was as important as the temperature in the heat/PMS system because they provided activation energy. Both heat and US could activate PMS to degrade TC, and US was slightly superior with 80% TC removal under the conditions of [TC] = 20 mg/L, [PMS] = 0.3 mM, pH = 6.4, T = 20 °C, and US power = 550 W. US is considered to be more advantageous in activating PMS to degrade TC.

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Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are emerging organic pollutants due to their potential persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. This study first characterized the levels and compositions of 19 LCMs in organisms in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), estimated their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer potential, and identified priority contaminants. LCMs were generally accumulated in organisms from sediment, and the LCM concentrations in all organisms ranged from 32.35 to 1367 ng/g lipid weight. The main LCMs in organisms were biphenyls and analogues (BAs) (76.6%), followed by cyanobiphenyls and analogues (CBAs) (15.1%), and the least were fluorinated biphenyls and analogues (FBAs) (11.2%). The most abundant LCM monomers of BAs, FBAs, and CBAs in LCMs in organisms were 1-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-4-vinylcyclohexane (15.1%), 1-ethoxy-2,3-difluoro-4-(4-(4-propylcyclohexyl) cyclohexyl) benzene (EDPBB, 10.1%), and 4'-propoxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5.1%), respectively. The niche studies indicated that the PRE food web was composed of terrestrial-based diet and marine food chains. Most LCMs exhibited biodilution in the terrestrial-based diet and marine food chains, except for EDPBB and 4,4'-bis(4-propylcyclohexyl) biphenyl (BPCHB). The hydrophobicity, position of fluorine substitution of LCMs, and biological habits may be important factors affecting the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of LCMs. BPCHB, 1-(prop-1-enyl)-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl) cyclohexane, and EDPBB were characterized as priority contaminants. This study first reports the trophic transfer processes and mechanisms of LCMs and the biomonitoring in PRE.

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Spatial omics technologies decipher functional components of complex organs at cellular and subcellular resolutions. We introduce Spatial Graph Fourier Transform (SpaGFT) and apply graph signal processing to a wide range of spatial omics profiling platforms to generate their interpretable representations. This representation supports spatially variable gene identification and improves gene expression imputation, outperforming existing tools in analyzing human and mouse spatial transcriptomics data. SpaGFT can identify immunological regions for B cell maturation in human lymph nodes Visium data and characterize variations in secondary follicles using in-house human tonsil CODEX data. Furthermore, it can be integrated seamlessly into other machine learning frameworks, enhancing accuracy in spatial domain identification, cell type annotation, and subcellular feature inference by up to 40%. Notably, SpaGFT detects rare subcellular organelles, such as Cajal bodies and Set1/COMPASS complexes, in high-resolution spatial proteomics data. This approach provides an explainable graph representation method for exploring tissue biology and function.

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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the genetic and phenotypic characteristics and elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlations of a large Chinese cohort with PAX6-related disorders. Methods: Variants detected with exome sequencing were filtered through multistep bioinformatic and co-segregation analyses, and validated by Sanger sequencing. The related clinical data were collected, and cluster analysis and statistical analysis of the PAX6-related phenotypes across different variant groups were carried out. Parental mosaicism was investigated using cloning analysis and Droplet digital PCR. Results: A total of 119 pathogenic or likely pathogenic PAX6 variants, including 74 truncation, 31 missense, and 14 others, were identified in 228 patients from 164 unrelated families. The most common phenotypes were foveal hypoplasia (97.8%), nystagmus (92.6%), aniridia (76.7%), cataract (36.8%), and iris hypoplasia (22.4%). Mosaicism ranging from 13.9% to 18.8% was identified in 3 unrelated patients' parents with relatively mild phenotypes. Missense variants in the linker region of the paired domain were associated with high myopia, whereas truncation variants in the homeodomain and proline-serine-threonine-rich domain were associated with hyperopia. Similarly, the degree of iris defects, visual acuity, and associated ocular comorbidity varied among the different types and locations of PAX6 variants. Conclusions: Our data indicate that foveal hypoplasia but not aniridia is the most common sign of PAX6-related disorders, contributing to subtle iris changes that might easily be overlooked in clinical practice. Recognition of mosaicism in atypical cases or parents with very mild phenotypes is important in genetic counseling as their offspring are at increased risk of typical aniridia. Recognition of the genotype-phenotype relationship emphasizes involvement of PAX6 regulation in shaping complex ocular phenotypes.

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Converting solar energy into fuels is pursued as an attractive route to reduce dependence on fossil fuel. In this context, photothermal catalysis is a very promising approach through converting photons into heat to drive catalytic reactions. There are mainly three key factors that govern the photothermal catalysis performance: maximized solar absorption, minimized thermal emission and excellent catalytic property of catalyst. However, the previous research has focused on improving solar absorption and catalytic performance of catalyst, largely neglected the optimization of thermal emission. Here, we demonstrate an optically selective catalyst based Ti3C2Tx Janus design, that enables minimized thermal emission, maximized solar absorption and good catalytic activity simultaneously, thereby achieving excellent photothermal catalytic performance. When applied to Sabatier reaction and reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) as demonstrations, we obtain an approximately 300% increase in catalytic yield through reducing the thermal emission of catalyst by ~70% under the same irradiation intensity. It is worth noting that the CO2 methanation yield reaches 3317.2 mmol gRu-1 h-1 at light power of 2 W cm-2, setting a performance record among catalysts without active supports. We expect that this design opens up a new pathway for the development of high-performance photothermal catalysts.