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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore prenatal related factors of high BMI status in children at 1 and 2 years of age.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 2 220 newborns from Shenyang, Wuhan and Guangzhou were recruited in this birth cohort, thereafter they were followed up to two years of age.Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect such variables as social-demographic characteristics and feeding practice, etc. The anthropometric measures of children were collected by trained health staff. The data were subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the related factors for high BMI among infants and toddlers.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The number of children with high BMI status were 550 (32.80%) at one year of age and 309 (26.23%) at two, respectively. The number of boys with high BMI status were 178 and girls 309 at age two years. The prevalence of high BMI status among boys (29.1%) at age two was significantly higher than that of girls (23.1%) (χ² = 5.52, P = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that after the adjustment for sex, parental educational level, family economic status and other confounding factors, maternal passive smoking during pregnancy [OR:aged one:1.38 (1.05-1.82);aged two:1.48 (1.05-2.09)], maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity [aged one:1.29 (1.05-1.58); aged two:1.35 (1.04-1.76)], paternal overweight and obesity [aged one:1.50 (1.21-1.87); aged two:1.47 (1.11-1.95)] and birth weight [aged one:1.53 (1.05-1.82); aged two:1.87 (1.33-2.63)]were identified to be associated with high BMI status in children.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy, paternal and maternal (pre-pregnancy) overweight or obesity and high birth weight are found to be important related factors for high BMI status in young children. Childhood overweight/obesity prevention should be considered starting as early as before pregnancy.</p>

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Objective To explore the relationship between the behavior and social ability development of Chinese urban 2 ～ 3 years old toddlers. Methods The number of 2601 toddlers aged 2～3 years old were involved by random cluster sampling under the cross-sectional study from 14 large-media cities in China and surveyed by Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL 2/3) and Chinese Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment CTSEA) Questionnaire. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the surveyed results. Results In 2601 toddlers,there were 194 toddlers detected positive about the behavior, the rate was 7. 5% , including boys 107 (4.11%) and girls 87 (3. 34%),and there was gender differences in positive rates of the behavior(t = 2.36,P< 0.05). Otherwise,268 toddlers were detected positive about social-emotional ability,the rate was 10.3% .including boys 139 (5.34%) and girls 129 (4.96%), there also was gender differences in suspected positive rates of social-emotional ability(t = 3.60, P<0.01). The multiple stepwise regression analysis results indicated that attacks, damage,depression,withdrawal were correspond correlated with compliance,empathy,prosocial-peer-relations and imitation. Conclusion Cultivating good habits would promote the development of children' s social ability.

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AIMS: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA). STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey through parent self-administered questionnaires in Chinese urban communities. Fourteen cities from the Southern, Northern, Eastern, Western and Central China were involved. SUBJECTS: A total of 5323 healthy toddlers (2690 boys and 2633 girls) aged 12 to 36 months from the 14 cities recruited through a multi-stage sampling scheme. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the social demographic data, and the Chinese translation of ITSEA was used to collect data on children's social and emotional behavior. RESULTS: The reliability and validity of CITSEA were examined by standard psychometric methods. 1) The test-retest reliability of four broad domains ranged from 0.78 to 0.89 at the significant level p<0.001; 2) Split-half reliability ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 (p<0.001); 3) The alpha coefficient was noticed to range from 0.79 to 0.88, which demonstrated good internal consistency. Furthermore, as is hypothesized, the score of CITSEA domains was significantly correlated with subscale's score of the Child Behavior Checklist 2/3 (CBCL2/3) and dimension's score of China Toddler Temperament. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good and reliable match of the model, indicating that CITSEA outlines the social and emotional development of Chinese urban children aged 12 to 36 months. CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of ITSEA is valid and the psychometric properties of this translated version (including its reliability and validity) are at an acceptable standard. It can be used as an instrument for assessing social and emotional problems, including delays in social-emotional competence for Chinese young children.

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