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BACKGROUND:Lower limb peri-knee muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are generally safe and effective rehabilitation methods for patellofemoral joint pain,but the mechanism of their intervention is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain,lower extremity function and biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain. METHODS:Thirty-seven patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation group(trial group,n=19)and muscle strength training group(control group,n=18).Both groups underwent intervention training for 6 weeks,three times a week.The visual analog scale and anterior knee pain scale were used to evaluate the pain level and functional level of the knee.Kinematic and kinetics data during running were collected by using an infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force platform simultaneously.A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures(group*time)was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After the intervention,the visual analog scale scores of the trial group and the control group were significantly decreased(P<0.001),and the anterior knee pain scale scores were significantly increased(Ptrial group<0.001,Pcontrol group=0.001)in the trial group and control group.The anterior knee pain scale scores of the trial group were significantly higher compared to the control group after the intervention(P=0.001).(2)The peak knee flexion angle(P=0.011),peak knee extension moment(P<0.001),the peak knee internal rotation moment(P=0.008),the peak patellofemoral stress(P<0.001)and the peak patellofemoral contact force(P<0.001)were significantly decreased in the trial and control groups during running after the intervention compared with those before the intervention.(3)In conclusion,both muscle strength training and muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation training are helpful to improve the subjective pain and lower limb function of patellofemoral pain patients,enhance the movement pattern during running and reduce the stress of the patellofemoral joint.Compared with muscle strength training alone,muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation can improve lower limb function more significantly.
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Objective To investigate the predictive value of preprocedural cystatin C level for contrast-in-duced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and poor long-term outcome after cardiac catheterization. Methods One thou-sand one hundred and fifty-four patients underwent cardiac catheterization were enrolled in Guangdong general hos-pital. The level of serum cystatin C was determined at 24 hours pre-operation. A 2-year follow up was performed for each patient. Preprocedural cystatin C level was compared between patients with or without CI-AKI. The cystatin C quartiles were compared between patients with incidence of CI-AKI and patients with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Analyses of the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were performed to evaluate the predictive value and cutoff level of cystatin C level for CI-AKI. The log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were also performed to in-vestigate the correlation between cystatin C level and poor long-term outcomes. Results CI-AKI occurred in 42 patients (3.6%). The cystatin C level was significantly higher in the CI-AKI group than that in the non-CI-AKI gu-oup (1.76 ± 1.05 vs 1.20 ± 0.50 mg/L, P=0.001). Patients with higher cystatin C level also had higher risk of CI-AKI and adverse in-hospital outcomes. ROC and Youden index showed that 1.3 mg/L cystatin C of was a fair dis-criminator for CI-AKI, but not significantly different from the Mehran CI-AKI score (AUC, 0.75 vs 0.76, P =0.874). After adjusting for other known CI-AKI risk factors, cystatin C level over 1.3 mg/L remained significantly associated with CI-AKI. During the long-term follow-up , the patients with cystatin C level over 1.3 mg/L were at a higher risk of all-cause mortality and MACEs (P < 0.001). Concusions A preprocedural cystatin C level over 1.3 mg/L was a good predictor of CI-AKI and poor long-term outcomes after cardiac catheterization.
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Objective To evaluate the prognostic values of common definition compared to traditional definition of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with normal serum creatinine (SCr). Methods Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiology or intervention with normal baseline SCr were enrolled prospectively. Those who were diagnosed as CIN according to common definition were divided into two groups based on the peak increase from baseline in the SCr concentration within 48 ~ 72 hours after the procedure: ≥ 44.2 μmol/L (CIN44.2 group, in common with traditional definition), ≥25% of baseline to < 44.2 μmol/L (CIN25%-44.2 group, interval between the two definitions). Hospital stay and long-term outcomes were compared among CIN44.2, CIN25%-44.2, and non-CIN groups. Results Of all 3,044 patients enrolled, 302 (9.9%) patients developed CIN according to common definition including CIN44.2 occurred in 56 (1.8%) patients and CIN25%-44.2 in 246 (8.1%) patients. Patients in CIN44.2 group indicated significant longer hospital stay and long-term outcomes compared with non-CIN group (P < 0.05). However, patients in CIN25%-44.2 group had similar in-hospital mortality and long-term cumulative risk of major clinical adverse events (MACE) and death with non-CIN group (all, P = 1.00). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses also demonstrated that CIN25%-44.2 did not associate with long-term MACE (HR 1.16, P = 0.645) and death (HR 0.98, P = 0.964) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Conclusions For patients with normal baseline SCr, common definition based on traditional definition of CIN is unreasonable and overestimates the incidence of CIN, whose extension of traditional denifition proves no significant clinical value.
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Objective To investigate the possible role of interleukin (IL)-10 secreted by peripheral CD+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the formation of seroresistance state in patients with syphilis.Methods Venous blood samples were obtained from 28 serofast patients with syphilis and 28 healthy controls.Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed to determine the proportion of CD4+CD25+IL-10+ T cells in peripheral CD4+ cells,and to quantify the protein expression of IL-10 in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.Magnetic activation cell sorting (MACS) system was used to separate CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in high purity followed by the detection of IL-10 mRNA expression with real time PCR.Results A significant increase was observed in the proportion of CD4+CD25+IL-10+ T cells in peripheral CD4+ cells,as well as protein and mRNA expression levels of IL-10 in the serofast patients with syphilis compared with the healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.01).However,no statistical correlation was observed between rapid plasma reagent (RPR) titer and any of the above three parameters in these patients (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The high level of IL-10 secreted by CD4+CD25 + Treg cells may contribute to the formation of seroresistance state in patients with syphilis.
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ObjectiveTo assess the balance between regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in patients with serofast syphilis.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 26 patients with serofast syphilis and 23 normal human controls.Flow cytometry was performed to determine the proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral blood and to quantify the expression of specific transcription factors Foxp3 and ROR-γt in CD4+ T cells of these subjects.Correlation analysis was carried out.ResultsThe proportion of Treg cells in CD4+ T cells in the patients with serofast syphilis was 33.28％ ± 11.84％,significantly higher than that in the normal controls(22.13％ ± 7.79％,P ＜ 0.01 ),while the proportion of Th17 cells was significantly lower in the patients than in the normal controls(3.17％ ± 2.32％ vs.8.87％ ± 2.00％,P ＜ 0.01 ).Enhanced expression of Foxp3 and attenuated expression of ROR-γt were observed in CD4+ T cells from the patients compared with the controls(2994.86 ± 1099.18 vs.2539.72 ± 1086.96,P ＜ 0.05; 1473.12 ± 752.20 vs.1778.34 ± 388.13,P ＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of Foxp3 and ROR-γt in CD4+ T cells from all the subjects (r =-0.481,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe Treg/Th17 cell balance is abnormal in peripheral blood of patients with serofast syphilis.
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To prepare polyrotaxane-camptothecin conjugates and evaluate its anti-tumor effect, polyrotaxane-camptothecin conjugates were successfully synthesized, and the release behavior was performed; MTT assay and cell morphology were used to examine the inhibition of cells' proliferation effect in vitro. The experimental study of the antitumor effect on S180 mice in vivo was also performed to further evaluate the anti-tumor effect of conjugate. The result showed polyrotaxane-camptothecin conjugates can effectively inhibit the proliferation in a dose dependent effect. In vivo study and cell morphology observation of S180 mice showed significant decrease in growth of tumor, degree of tumor infiltration and blood vessel number. The result indicated anti-tumor mechanism may be through affect the angiogenesis and reduced blood supply to tumor cells and then leading to necrosis.
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Objective To investigate the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its clinical significance. Methods The mRNA expression level and protein level of survivin, hIAP-1 (human IAP-1), hIAP-2 (human IAP-2), and XIAP (X chromosome-linked IAP) in 36 NSCLC patients and 36 controls were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results High survivin mRNA expression were detected in 32 out of 36 patients, but not in controls. 26/36 NSCLC showed high XIAP mRNA expression and were significantly higher than those with benign diseases (P
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Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of various antibiotics (spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ofloxacin and doxycycline) against 12 isolates of C. trachomatis. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs ) and fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of the antimicrobials against all C. trachomatis were calculated. Checkerboard method was used for the determination of FICs and Ridit test for the comparison of the interactions among the various combinations. Results No difference was observed in most of the combinations. No antagonism was found in all except for ceftriaxone-doxycycline combination. Synergism was observed in 42% (5 of 12) and 50% (6 of 12) of the chlamydial isolates for erythromycin-spectinomycin and doxycycline-spectinomycin combination, respectively. No significant difference was observed among triple combinations with spectinomycin or with ceftriaxone. When interactions of erythromycin, ofloxacin and doxycycline with spectinomycin were compared to those with ceftriaxone respectively, both interactions of erythromycin (U = 2.46, P = 0.014) and doxycycline (U = 2.83, P = 0.002) were more synergistic with spectinomycin than those with ceftriaxone. Conclusions This study indicates that the combination of spectinomycin with erythromycin or doxycycline is more effective against C. trachomatis than that of ceftriaxone. Therefore, spectinomycin rather than ceftriaxone might be recommended in the dual therapy against C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae.