RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and fatal neurodegenerative disease; most ALS patients die within 3 to 5 years after symptom onset, usually as a consequence of respiratory failure. In the present study, we aim to screen the survival-related pulmonary function parameters, and to explore the predictive value of peak expiratory flow (PEF) in disease severity and prognosis in patients with ALS. METHODS: The discovery cohort included 202 ALS patients, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of eligible patients were collected and pulmonary function tests were performed using MS-PFT spirometer. In the validation cohort, 62 newly diagnosed ALS patients performed the pulmonary function test by MS-PFT spirometer and household peak flow meter (KOKA) simultaneously. RESULTS: Among 12 pulmonary function parameters, FVC, FEV1, PEF, MEF75%, and MVV were identified to be independent predictive factors for survival. PEF was highly correlated with FVC (r = 0.797), MVV (r = 0.877), FEV1 (r = 0.847), and MEF75% (r = 0.963). Besides, the values of PEF were positively associated with disease severity (ALSFRS-R score, rs = 0.539, P < 0.0001), and negatively associated with progression rate (ΔALSFRS-R, rs = -0.316, P < 0.0001). Finally, we also confirmed that the values of KOKA-measured PEF were highly correlated with the ones measured using MS-PFT spirometer (r = 0.9644, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our work emphasizes the critical role of PFTs in predicting prognosis of ALS patients. PEF is an easily available pulmonary function index, which is also a promising indicator in predicting disease severity and survival for ALS patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is strongly linked to endothelial cell functions. However, the function of MALAT1 in intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated vascular endothelial injury has not been explored yet. The current study makes great attempts to investigate the function of MALAT1 in IH-induced endothelial injury and its latent control network. METHODS: To mimic the effect of OSA, we cultured the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under intermittent hypoxia. Western blot was applied to measure the expression level of associated proteins including capase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 while qRT-PCR was used in measurement of MALAT1 and miR-142-3p. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was carried out in assessing cell viability. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the relationships among high mobility group box (HMGB)1 and MALAT1, miR-142-3p. RESULTS: IH treatment significantly reduced cell viability but enhanced cell apoptosis in HUVECs. Concomitantly, MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in IH-treated HUVECs. Further experiment showed that MALAT1 knockdown augmented IH-induced injury of HUVECs. In addition, it was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay that MALAT1 interacted with miR-142-3p directly. Besides, inhibition of miR-142-3p alleviated damage induced by MALAT1 knockdown in IH-treated HUVECs. Finally, miR-142-3p interacted with HMGB1 directly and inhibition of HMGB1 protein expression mediated by MALAT1 knockdown was reversed by miR-142-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: IH resulted in increased expression of MALAT1 in HUVECs. MALAT1 knockdown augmented IH-induced injury of HUVECs. MALAT1 exerted its effects on IH-treated HUVECs via miR-142-3p/HMGB1.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objectives@#It is unclear whether G protein-coupled receptor 61 (GPR61) affecting body weight, plays a role in the association between birth weight and weather. This study aimed to assess the effects of prenatal weather and GPR61 on birth weight.@*Methods@#A total of 567 mother-newborn pairs were recruited in Houzhai Center Hospital during 2011-2012. We detected the maternal and neonatal GPR61 promoter methylation levels, and obtained meteorological and air pollution data.@*Results@#A positive association was observed between maternal and neonatal GPR61 methylation levels, and both of them were affected by precipitation, relative humidity (RH) and daily temperature range (DTR). Birth weight was associated negatively with RH and positively with DTR ( P < 0.05). A significant association was observed between birth weight and neonatal GPR61 methylation. We observed that maternal GPR61 methylation seemed to modify associations between weather and birth weight ( P interaction < 0.10), while neonatal GPR61 methylation mediated the effects of RH and DTR on birth weight ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Our findings revealed the significant associations among prenatal weather, GPR61 methylation and birth weight. Maternal GPR61 methylation may modify the susceptibility of birth weight to prenatal weather conditions, while neonatal GPR61 methylation may be a bridge of the effects of prenatal RH and DTR on birth weight.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Prior reports have examined the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the mortality rate of lung cancer. However, the findings remain controversial. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the relationship between OSA and increased risk of mortality in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for the correlative studies. Data were analyzed and pooled to evaluate odds ratios (ORs) of lung cancer mortality related to OSA. RESULTS: From 249 identified studies, 3 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed, including 67 patients with lung cancer and comorbid OSA and 45 patients with lung cancer and no OSA. The meta-analysis indicated that OSA was not significantly correlated with mortality rate in lung cancer (OR = 2.005, 95% CI = 0.703 to 5.715, z = 1.30, p = 0.193). There was no significant publication bias according to Begg's tests (p = 0.296) and Egger's tests (p = 0.097). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that OSA is not significantly correlated with the mortality rate in lung cancer.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Endothelial dysfunction is the main pathogenic mechanism of cardiovascular complications induced by obstructive sleep apnea/hyponea syndrome (OSAHS). Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the primary factor of OSAHS-associated endothelial dysfunction. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway regulates the expression of downstream target genes and mediates cell apoptosis caused by CIH-induced endothelial injury. miRNAs play extensive and important negative regulatory roles in this process at the post-transcriptional level. However, the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in CIH tissue models remains unclear. The present study established a mouse aortic endothelial cell model of CIH in an attempt to screen out specific miRNAs by using miRNA chip analysis. It was found that 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of them, 6 were significantly different and verified by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), of which four were up-regulated and two were down-regulated markedly. To gain an unbiased global perspective on subsequent regulation by altered miRNAs, we established signaling networks by GO to predict the target genes of the 6 miRNAs. It was found that the 6 identified miRNAs were apoptosis- or autophagy-related target genes. Down-regulation of miR-193 inhibits CIH induced endothelial injury and apoptosis- or autophagy-related protein expression. In conclusion, our results showed that CIH could induce differential expression of miRNAs, and alteration in the miRNA expression pattern was associated with the expression of apoptosis- or autophagy-related genes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of miR-218 on expression of hypoxia-inducible factors 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cell apoptosis in normal mice aortic endothelial cells under intermittent hypoxia (IH) condition. METHODS: Anti-miR-218 inhibitor, miR-negative control and miR-218 mimic were used to tranfect the cells in different groups under IH condition. Both RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF. Akt, p-Akt and cell apoptosis related proteins bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 and roundabout 1 (Robo1) were measured using Western blot. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: Expression of miR-218 was significantly up-regulated in the IH group and was significantly inhibited when cells were transfected with miR-218 inhibitor. Down regulation of miR-218 could reduce the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF under intermittent hypoxia condition. In cells transfected with miR-218 mimic, expression of HIF-1α and VEGF significantly increased compared with the control. However, when treated with LY294002, the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF both decreased. Apoptosis assay showed that down regulation of miR-218 could inhibit intermittent hypoxia induced cell apoptosis, decrease expression of caspase-3 and bax and increase expression of bcl-2 under intermittent hypoxia condition. At last, silencing Robo1 could significantly enhance the expression of HIF-1α under IH condition. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-218 could reduce the expression of HIF-1α and protect against IH-induced apoptosis in mice aortic endothelial cells. The effects were associated with PI3K/AKT pathway and might through targeting of Robo1.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacist intervention on the application of antibiotics in patients with respiratory infection from our hospital. METHODS:Each 500 patients were selected from respiratory department of our hospi-tal during Jan. to Jun. in 2016 and Jul. to Dec. in 2016. The patients were divided into pre-intervention group and post-intervention group. The application of antibiotics,the occurrence of ADR and anti-infective effects were compared before and after clinical phar-macist intervention,and the rationality of antibiotics use was evaluated. RESULTS:After intervention,the utilization rate of antibi-otics decreased from 92.60％ to 74.20％;the proportion of single drug therapy and triple and more drugs therapy were decreased significantly,with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The intervention implemented by clinical pharmacists effectively reduce the utiliza-tion rate of antibiotics and the incidence of ADR,improve the rate of infection control,reduce antibiotics cost and the occurrence of irrational drug use. However,there are still some problems in respiratory department of our hospital,such as irrational drug use, nonstandard dosage,irrational drug combination and no etiological support,etc. Continuous follow-up intervention is needed.

RESUMEN

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is gaining increased attention. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of OSA with NAFLD defined by an elevated fatty liver index (FLI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 319 consecutive patients who underwent standard polysomnography were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were obtained from all patients for biological profile measurements, and demographic data were collected. Values of FLI were determined and assessed as predictors of the presence of NAFLD, as measured by ultrasound. The discriminative ability of FLI was estimated on the basis of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. RESULTS: An FLI of 60 achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy and yielded an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.822 (95% confidence interval: 0.729-0.916) in the detection of NAFLD. Patients with an FLI of 60 or higher had a significantly lower lowest O2 saturation (73 vs. 83%, P<0.001), a lower mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (93 vs. 95%, P<0.001), a higher apnea-hypopnea index (39.7 vs. 18.4, P<0.001), a higher oxygen desaturation index (39 vs. 10.6, P<0.001), and a higher percentage of sleep time spent with SpO2 less than 90% (4.63 vs. 0.92%, P<0.001) compared with those with FLI less than 60. In multivariate analysis, the presence of OSA was independently associated with elevated FLI after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio: 5.141, 95% confidence interval: 1.414-18.696, P=0.013). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a positive association between the severity of OSA and NAFLD defined by an elevated FLI, which may serve as a good biomarker for detecting NAFLD in OSA patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), which is commonly considered a cardinal sign of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), may lead to an increased rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the role of EDS in MetS and its components by researching severe OSA patients. METHODS: The records of 175 consecutive patients who underwent standard polysomnography and diagnosed severe OSA were included. Subjective daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Fasting glucose, lipids, insulin and polysomnography parameters were measured. A metabolic score was counted as the total number of the positive diagnostic criteria of MetS for each subject, which indicated the level of metabolic disorder. RESULTS: The prevalence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and MetS (78.2% vs 28.6%) was significantly higher among EDS group compared with control group. Compared with non-EDS patients, patients with EDS showed significantly higher metabolic score (3.22 ± 0.94 vs 1.96 ± 1.06). After adjustment for confounders, ESS score, log insulin and age significantly predicted the metabolic score (ß = 0.567, P = 0.000; ß = 0.197, P = 0.001 and ß = 0.118, P = 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSION: EDS was independently correlated with the sum of metabolic components in severe OSA patients. Our study suggested that EDS might be a potentially useful clinical marker to identify patients with severe OSA at risk of MetS.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), though the mechanism is not conclusive as obesity is a confounder. The objective of this observational study was to investigate the correlation between these disorders in nonobese subjects. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled nonobese individuals undergoing polysomnography and abdominal ultrasonography and analyzed differences in NAFLD patients grouped by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and in OSA patients according to the presence or absence of NAFLD. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risks of NAFLD in OSA patients. RESULTS: A total of 175 participants were included. The 106 ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients were classified into four groups by AHI. There were no significant differences in triglycerides (TG), serum aminotransferase levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with worsening OSA. In both OSA patients with NAFLD and those without NAFLD, body mass index (BMI), the lowest oxygen saturation (LaSO2), HOMA-IR, and TG were significantly associated. Additionally, BMI, LaSO2, and TG independently predicted the development of NAFLD after adjustments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.562, p = 0.003; OR = 0.960, p = 0.03; OR = 3.410, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In nonobese subjects, OSA itself does not appear to induce significant changes in liver enzymes. With reference to lipid metabolism, weight control and OSA-related hypoxemia are key factors in reducing the risk of NAFLD in OSA patients. Additional large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to investigate the impact of OSA on liver injury in nonobese adults.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective To study the thyroid hormone receptor β(TRβ)gene mutation types and characteristics in children with congenital hypothyroidism(CH)and thyroid dysgenesis(TD)from Shandong Province,and to provide theoretical basis for gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. Methods Sixty cases of TD patients of which genomic DNA were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes were selected by neonatal screening system in Shandong Province. The exon 6 to 12 of TRβ gene were amplified with 8 pairs of sequence specific primers using PCR and the first generation of sequencing method(Sanger method)to detect mutation. The sequencing results were compared with the TRβ gene reference sequence[National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Reference Sequence:NC 000003. 12]to see whether there was a mutation. Results Analysis of TRβ in 60 cases of CH patients with TD revealed no mutation was demonstrated in exons 6 - 12,but 2 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)( rs 3752874,c. 735C ﹥ T;rs79220627, c. 162G ﹥ A)were detected. Through the analysis,the 2 SNP were all synonymous mutations(Phe→Phe;Ser→Ser), without the change of the amino acids. Conclusions TRβ mutation rate is very low,which may not be the main mutation type in CH patients with TD in Shandong Province.

RESUMEN

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the features of DUOX2 mutations and genotype-phenotype relationship in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), in order to provide evidence for gene diagnosis and gene treatment of CH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were collected from 10 CH children with thyromegaly. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All exons of DUOX2 gene were analyzed using PCR and direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>G3632A mutation in the exon 28 of DUOX2 that may result in arginine to histidine substitution at codon 1211 was found in one patient. T2033C mutation in the exon 17 of DUOX2 that may result in histidine to arginine substitution at codon 678 was found in three patients. They were all heterozygous mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Heterozygous mutations in DUOX2 may affect protein function and cause CH. The relationship between DUOX2 genotypes and clinical phenotypes is unclear and needs further studies.</p>

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objective To analyze the stress state of magnetic attachment in mandibular complete overdenture supported by nature roots and implant, and to provide neference for designing of clinical prosthodentics. Methods Three-dimensional finite models (model,Ⅱ,Ⅲ)of three groups of mandibular overdentures depending on the different location of the implant and natural tooth root, placing three pairs of magnetic attachment, were constructed by application of CT scanning,computer photo processing system,and Solidworks finite element model building software.The natural teeth and implant neck bone stress of the models in three groups under different stress were calculated and compared.Results The stress of the bone around the implant in the area of molar teeth in model with both sides of the implants under oblique load (Model Ⅱ)was significantly increased compared with the model with one side of the implant (Model Ⅲ). The supporting bone stress of oblique load was increased compared with the vertical load;among them under the oblique load at one side’ s molar teeth, the stress of the bone around the implant in the area of molar teeth in modelⅠ,modelⅡ and model Ⅲ was increased about 30%, 43%,and 55%.Conclusion When there only one nature teeth remain,two implants should be at least added, one in the area of opposite cuspid, and the other in the area of molar teeth of the same side. The magnetic attachment is better than other kinds of attachment in preventing the damage of abutment when it suffers inclined load.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of long term nasal continuous positive airway pressure on the blood pressure of patients with OSAHS. METHODS: From April 1997 to October 2008, 2898 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University who complained snore during sleeping were studied. Nine hundred eighty cases were diagnosed as OSAHS with hypertension, and these patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group was treated with antihypertensive drugs and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), while the other group only received antihypertensive drugs. The polysomnography (PSG) was recorded during sleeping and the blood pressure was remeasured after 6 months or more. All patients were followed up for 5 years to observe the long-term effects of nCPAP or drugs. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the nCPAP group significantly decreased after 6 months [(125 ± 16) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) vs (136 ± 19) mm Hg, (83 ± 10) mm Hg vs (95 ± 15) mm Hg, P < 0.05], and the decreasing extent of blood pressure in nCPAP group was more notable than antihypertensive drug group [decreasing extent of systolic blood pressure:(10 ± 11) mm Hg vs (4 ± 11) mm Hg; decreasing extent of diastolic blood pressure: (11 ± 7) mm Hg vs (6 ± 7) mm Hg; P < 0.05]. The total effective rate in nCPAP group was significantly higher than that in antihypertensive drug group (90% vs 38%, P < 0.01). One hundred and eighty three cases in nCPAP group and 157 cases in antihypertensive drug group completed the 5-year follow-up and the blood pressure was controlled within the normal range. Some patients could gradually reduce or stop the use of antihypertensive drugs and the blood pressure didn't appear to rebound. The number of antihypertensive drugs in the nCPAP group was significantly fewer as compared to the antihypertensive drugs group after 2, 3, 4 and 5 years' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: nCPAP is a safe and effective treatment for high blood pressure in patients with OSAHS.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism genes and DNA repair genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was performed to detect chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 402 VCM-exposed workers. Multiplex PCR was used to simultaneously amplify GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, other genetic polymorphisms were performed using a PCR-RFLP technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multiple (adjusted) Poisson regression analysis showed that mean MN frequencies were significantly elevated for the intermediate (4000-40000 mg) and high (> 40000 mg) exposure groups as compared with the low exposure group (P = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). For genetic polymorphisms, the exposed workers with CYP2E1 or XRCC1 Arg280His variance showed a higher CBMN frequency than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (P = 0.02); so did the workers with GSTP1 105Val/Val genotype or ALDH2 504Glu/Glu genotype than those with a combination of other genotypes (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings reveal that cumulative exposure dose of VCM and common genetic variants in genes, such as GSTP1, CYP2E1, ALDH2, XRCC1 Arg280His genotypes, are the major factors that modulate MN induction in VCM- exposed workers. Further study to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and genetic susceptibility to VCM-caused chromosome damage is warranted, it is helpful for us to understand the mechanism of VCM metabolism, to find the biomarkers of susceptibility and to recognize the susceptible individuals in the primary prevention of VCM-caused damage.</p>

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in adults aged over 20 years in Fuzhou city, there fore to provide epidemiological data for prevention and treatment of the disease, and establishing a data base for prospective study. METHODS: A total of 5500 subjects were derived from a random and cluster sampling of the population in 5 districts of Fuzhou city. They were asked to answer the questions from a questionnaire at home. According to the degree of snoring, 315 subjects with a snoring score > or = 3 degree and 100 subjects with a snoring score = 2 degree were selected at random to undergo polysomnography for a whole night. The prevalence of the disease was estimated and the risk factors for OSAHS were analyzed. RESULTS: 4595 subjects (83.55%) responded, and validated questionnaires were obtained from 4286 subjects (effective power 93.28%); of whom 606 (14.14%) subjects had habitual snoring. The estimated prevalence of OSAHS defined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 5 and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) > or = 9 was 4.78%. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, smoking, family snoring, neck-circumference, waist circumference, and abnormality of the upper airway were significant risk factors for OSAHS. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalences of snoring and OSAHS in adults aged over 20 years in Fuzhou city was high. Strategies based on the epidemiological data in Fuzhou city are needed to cut down the prevalence and harm of OSAHS by controlling modifiable risk factors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of P53, P21, CCND1 and susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>183 workers occupationally exposed to VCM were involved in our study. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CB-MN) assay was used to detect chromosome damage in peripheral lymphocyte. PCR-RFLP technique was applied to detect polymorphisms in P53 gene (exon4, intron3 and intron6), P21 gene (exon2 and exon3) and CCND1 (exon4).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The risk of chromosomal damage for VCM-exposed workers with more than 30 yr was 1.2202 (95% CI: 1.0580 approximately 1.4072, P = 0.0062) compared with the younger workers, and the risk of female workers was 1.1491 (95% CI: 0.9841 approximately 1.3416, P = 0.0772) compared with male workers. The MN frequency in subjects with P53 intron6 mutant homozygous and heterozygous was higher than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (OR = 1.3032, 95% CI: 1.1285 approximately 1.6405, P = 0.0285). P53 exon4, intron3 and intron6 haplotype pairs of BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA were associated with the increased frequencies of micronucleus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among VCM-exposed workers, more than 30ys, female, carrying P53 intron6 mutated allele and BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA haplotype pairs have higher risk of chromosomal damage.</p>

Asunto(s)