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Objective:To evaluate incision scars of transaxillary breast augmentation by different methods of scar assessment.Methods:A retrospective study was carried out on 30 patients (age range 20 to 50 years, with mean age of 32 years) who underwent endoscopic assisted transaxillary type Ⅰ dual plane breast implant augmentation by a same surgeon from August 2014 to November 2016. Scars were estimated by 3 methods which included Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Visual Assessment Scale (VAS) and patients' questionnaire.Results:VAS score for left side scars ranged from 0 to 8 and the median was 1. VAS score for right side scars ranged from 0 to 8.3 and the median was 1. A total of 48 scars were scored in the 0-2 point range, representing 80% of the 60 total. VSS score for left side scars ranged from 0 to 11.6 and the median was 0.8. VSS score for right side scars ranged from 0 to 11.3 and the median was 1.2. A total of 46 scars were scored in the 0-2 point range, representing 76.7% of the total 60 breats. The scores between VSS and VAS had significant statistical differences ( P<0.001). 80.0% of our patients regarded scars as unconspicuous or basically invisible in our questionnaire. Conclusions:The majority of transaxillary incision scars recover in favorable status with high patients satisfactory rate. VAS is a practical tool for evaluating transaxillary incision scars. The VSS score is not equivalent to the VAS score when grading scars only by photos.

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Catalase is widely used in the food, medical, and textile industries. It possesses exceptional properties including high catalytic efficiency, high specificity, and environmental friendliness. Free catalase cannot be recycled and reused in industry, resulting in a costly industrial biotransformation process if catalase is used as a core ingredient. Developing a simple, mild, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach to immobilize catalase is anticipated to improve its utilization efficiency and enzymatic performance. In this study, the catalase KatA derived from Bacillus subtilis 168 was expressed in Escherichia coli. Following separation and purification, the purified enzyme was prepared as an immobilized enzyme in the form of enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, and the enzymatic properties were investigated. The results indicated that the purified KatA was obtained through a three-step procedure that included ethanol precipitation, DEAE anion exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic chromatography. Then, by optimizing the process parameters, a novel KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflower was developed. The optimum reaction temperature of the free KatA was determined to be 35 ℃, the optimum reaction temperature of KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers was 30-35 ℃, and the optimum reaction pH of both was 11.0. The free KatA and KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers exhibited excellent stability at pH 4.0-11.0 and 25-50 ℃. The KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers demonstrated increased storage stability than that of the free KatA, maintaining 82% of the original enzymatic activity after 14 d of storage at 4 ℃, whereas the free KatA has only 50% of the original enzymatic activity. In addition, after 5 catalytic reactions, the nanoflower still maintained 55% of its initial enzymatic activity, indicating that it has good operational stability. The Km of the free KatA to the substrate hydrogen peroxide was (8.80±0.42) mmol/L, and the kcat/Km was (13 151.53± 299.19) L/(mmol·s). The Km of the KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers was (32.75±2.96) mmol/L, and the kcat/Km was (4 550.67±107.51) L/(mmol·s). Compared to the free KatA, the affinity of KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers to the substrate hydrogen peroxide was decreased, and the catalytic efficiency was also decreased. In summary, this study developed KatA/Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers using Ca2+ as a self-assembly inducer, which enhanced the enzymatic properties and will facilitate the environmentally friendly preparation and widespread application of immobilized catalase.

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Objective To explore the effect of divided injection of fat grafting and to provide a new sight for the strategy of clinical particle fat transplantation.Methods Adipose tissue was aspirated from the healthy female abdomen by liposuction.In the control group,0.5 ml of adipose tissue was subcutaneously injected into the nude mice.The experimental group was injected with 0.25 ml first,followed by 0.25 ml injection of adipose tissue on the 7th,14th and 30th days.To assess graft retention rate and effectiveness we measured the wet weight and observed the pathological sections with HE or perilipin immunofluorescence.Results The wet weight of the tissue between the experimental group and the control group had no statistical difference,the experimental group had less necrosis and empty tissue than the control group.The proportion of perilipin positive staining tissue in 7 day group had statistical difference from that of the control group.Conclusions The strategy of preinjection of part of the adipose tissue and then supplement of the residual tissue after 7 days may increase the proportion of active adipose tissue in the graft.

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Objective@#To explore an open porous microtissue which is suitable for the growth of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) , and the optimal size of this microtissue.@*Methods@#Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-stencil array chips with pore diameters of 1500 μm and 800 μm were constructed by laser drilling technique. The gelatin solution was chemically crosslinked and uniformly spread on the micro-stencil array chips. After freeze-drying for 16 h, the microgels in the chip were ejected by the ejector-pin array. SEM images were taken to observe the microstructure of microgels. Pore size and porosity of two kinds of microgels were calculated using Image J Pro software. The P3 BMSCs were seeded on microgels at the concentration of 5×106/ml. After 7 days culture in vitro, the microtissues were obtained. Thereafter, the viability of seeded BMSCs was assessed using live/dead cell assay. The growth of the cells on the microtissues and the secretion of ECM were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).@*Results@#The SEM images showed that the open porous structured microgels were successfully fabricated using the micro-stencil array chip. The pore size and porosity of 1 500 μm microgels were about 1.5 times that of the 800 μm microgels. After 7 days culture in vitro, the number of cells 1 500 μm microgels were more compared to 800 μm microgels, in the live/dead cell assay. Fluorescent quantitative analyses showed that the viability of BMSCs on 1 500 μm microtissues was 4 times that of 800 μm microtissues. SEM images showed that the cells on 1 500 μm microtissues grew well and surrounded by ECM.@*Conclusions@#The micro-stencil array chips were successfully used to construct microgels with open porous, which could be further used to fabricate open porous microtissues. The 1 500 μm microtissues were more favorable for BMSCs, compared to 800 μm microtissues.

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Objective@#To investigate the possibility of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles (ADSC-MVs) to improve the retention volume of fat transplantation.@*Methods@#Human adipose tissue was obtained from 5 healthy female patients aged from 20 to 30 years, who came to the hospital for abdominal liposuction. Adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were acquired by collagenase enzymatic hydrolysis. ADSC-MVs were isolated from the supernatant of cultured ADSCs through ultra-centrifugation, and characterized by transmission electron microscope and PKH26 staining. Sixteen BALB/c-nu nude mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8, mice/group) by random number table method. In EV group, the mice were subcutaneously injected 0.35 ml human fat, with 7 μg ADSC-EVs (final concentration is 20 μg/ml), while 0.35 ml human fat were in blank group. The mice were sacrificed and the grafts were harvested at 1 month and 3 months after transplantation. Weight and volume of transplanted fat were tested. Morphology of adipocytes, fibrosis and necrosis of fat tissue were confirmed by HE staining. Blood vessel density were accessed by CD31 staining.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis and Student-t test was applied to compare the data from two groups.@*Results@#One month after fat transplantation, the volume of fat grafts in blank group was lower than that in MV group. Besides, lipoliquefaction can be observed in fat grafts of blank group. Fat grafts in MV group had a higher volume and littler necrosis and lipolique faction. Three months after grafting, the volume of fat grafts in blank group [(0.057±0.009) ml] was significantly lower than that in MV group [(0.103±0.015) ml], t=8.117, P<0.001. MV group had an increased number of vessels (29.6±4.0/field) compared with grafts from the Blank group (23.0±2.4/field), t=2.825, P=0.022. Histological analysis revealed that the fat grafts in MV group consisted less fat necrosis and fibrosis than control group.@*Conclusions@#ADSC-MVs can improve the retention volume of fat transplantation.

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Objective To observe the effect of varying intensities of water-jet force on autologous fat graft viability.Methods Lipoaspirate was taken from 12 female patients undergoing waterjet assisted abdominal liposuction at our department.According to the intensity of water-jet force,the experimental group was divided into four subgroups:R1 (pressure,30 bar),R2 (pressure,50 bar),R3 (pressure,70 bar) and R4 (pressure,90 bar).Hand-held suction was taken as the control group C.Adipose tissue was filtered with cotton cushion and centrifuged at low speed,and the composition ratio of water and fat tissue from each group was observed.Calcein-AM/Hoechst 33342 staining was used to detect the viability of adipocytes.Results Fat aspirates was divided into four layers:oil layer,pure fat tissue,liquid and bottom sediment.Oil ratios of R1,R2,R3,R4 and C were (8.9 ± 2.3) ％,(9.6±2.1)％,(10.3±1.3)％,(14.2±1.6)％ and (9.5±1.8)％,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between R1,R2,R3 and C (P＞0.05).Statistically significant difference was found between R4 and other groups (P＜0.001).Viability of adipocytes from R1,R2,R3,R4 and C groups were (88.1±2.8)％,(89.9±1.9)％,(84.8±2.3)％,(78.0±1.7)％ and (91.1±2.9)％ respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between R1,R2 and C (P＞ 0.05).Statistically significant difference was found between R3,R4 and C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Viability of fat graft harvested under lower intensity of water-jet force (R1,R2) is higher than that harvested under higher intensity of water-jet force (R3,R4).

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Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety profile of hyaluronic acid dermal filler(Restylane®) in treating nasolabial folds in Chinese population.@*Methods@#103 subjects in this study were recruited from five Chinese clinical trial centers between July 2014 and December 2015. Subjects were treated with hyaluronic acid dermal filler in correcting nasolabial folds and an optional re-treatment was performed after 12 months according to the subjects′wishes. The improved of nasolabial folds was evaluated by the change of severity (wrinkle severity rating scale, WSRS) and aesthetic improvement (global aesthetic improvement scale, GAIS). Satisfaction of subjects on treatment was evaluated using subject satisfaction questionnaires (SSQ). Safety indicators such as pain, skin and soft tissue presentation at the injection site were continuously evaluated throughout the whole treatment process.@*Results@#Significant improvement in scores of WSRS and GAIS of all subjects was observed after treatment. Nine months after treatment, the scores of WSRS in 80 subjects (77.7%) and GAIS in 96 subjects (93.2%) were still improved. The 68 subjects (95.8%) received re-treatment after 12 months gained further improvement in nasolabial folds. Most adverse events were mild or moderate (transient/reversible local manifestations) and all resolved before study end, no severe adverse event related to products observed.@*Conclusions@#Hyaluronic acid dermal filler is effective and safe in treatment of nasolabial folds in Chinese population and the effect can last up to 12 months.

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Objective@#To investigate the surgical treatment of orbital fractures and ocular traction deformities, and summarize the surgical results.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted on 42 cases of monocular patients with orbital fractures and ocular fractures treated by Medpor Titan and Medpor. Preoperative CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed to evaluate the maxillofacial fractures, orbital wall defects, orbital content, shift incarceration. During surgery, the periorbital fracture and defect area were exposed, the periorbital shift bone were reduced, Medpor Titan was used to repair the orbital floor, Medpor to correct eyeball retraction. Follow-up observation of postoperative results and to assess the patient′s satisfaction rate, patient’s eyeballs, visual acuity and motor function.@*Results@#All patients had successful operation, the eye trapping deformity were significantly improved or corrected. Patient satisfaction rate was 92.9% (39/42); wound healingswere good, except for 1 infection (4 years after surgery), there was no rejection. Six months after the surgery, the ocular protrusion was reduced in 88.1% (37/42), the degree of diplopia was significantly improved in 90.5% (19/21) and the eye movement disorder corrected by 87.5% (14/16).@*Conclusions@#Medpor Titan combined with Medpor repair orbital wall fractures can achieve good results, with high satisfaction rate. Diplopia and eye movement dysfunction can be significantly improved.

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Objective@#To study the effects of different purification method on the ratio of each component in the suspension of fat granules and the cell viability.@*Methods@#Fat granule suspension was harvested under conventional swelling anesthesia, and divided into staticseparation group, centrifugation group, washing and filtration group.①staticseparation group: based on different gravity separation time (30 s, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h), the group was subdivided into 9 groups.②Centrifugation group: based on different centrifugation times (3, 5, 10 min) combined withdifferent centrifugation rates (1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000 r/min), this group was subdivided into 12 groups.③Washing and filtration group: According to the layers of gauze (1 layer, 2 layers, 5 layers), this group was subdivided into three groups. Adipocyte activity was measured by Calcein-AM / Hoechst 33342 dual fluorescence staining, and the viable cell rate was calculated. T test was introducedto compare between two samples. One-way AVOVA analysis was used to compare between two groups of samples.@*Results@#Staticseparation group: After gravity separation, the fat granules were separated intooil layer, fat granules layer and liquid layer, and stabilized at 5 min after staticseparation. ②Centrifugation group: The viable cell ratewas highest at 3 min in 2 000 r/min group.③Washing and filtration group: More volume of fat particles were collected by filtration with 2-layer gauze, and the viable cell rate was not significantly reduced.Compared with static 5 min method (86.75±6.29)%, 2 000 r/min 3 min (89.05±7.16)% and double gauze filtration rinse, the cell viability rate was (87.85±5.92)%, and there was no significant difference between the three groups (P> 0.05).@*Conclusions@#5 min static separation, 2-layer gauze filter and 2 000 r/min 3 min fat cell survival rate is the highest among each group, and no significant difference in viable cell rate between these three method . Clinically, 2 000 r/min 3 min is suitable for a small amount of fat filling, washing and filtration is suitable for massive fat filling.

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The flap surgery is evolving towards precision and digitization. With clinical application of the true perforator flap technique, the supermicrosurgery, the real-time imaging of flap perfusion technique and vascularized lymph node flap technique, better reconstructive outcome with minimal damage of donor site has been achieved.

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Objective@#To report the effect of the free anterolateral thigh flap with KISS technique in reconstruction of scalp defect.@*Methods@#11 patients with scalp tumor were treated with radical resection and free transfer of the anterolateral thigh flap with KISS technique from March 2016 to June 2017. The flap was designed carrying two skin pedals according to preoperative detection of perforators, then the flap was dissected to carry one main pedicle or two different pedicles, after that two skin pedals were assembled with the KISS technique to cover the wound.@*Results@#No total failure of flap was observed. No donor-site complication was observed. The contour of reconstructed scalp was satisfactory.@*Conclusions@#The free anterolateral thigh flap with KISS technique is reliable in reconstruction of scalp defect. It features low donor site morbidity, high reconstructive efficiency and reliable perfusion.

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The strategy of vascularization using tissue engineering chamber model was introduced, and the application progress of this model in tissue regeneration was summarized. Using " tissue engineering" and " chamber" as the keywords, the PubMed database were searched for the literatures on the application of tissue engineering chamber model in recent years. The results show the tissue engineering chamber model could promote the vascularization of tissue engineering grafts and support the growth of many kinds of cells and tissues including stem cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, chondrocytes, adipose tissue, thymus tissue and so on. Tissue engineering chamber model is helpful to the survival and growth of different cells and tissues in vivo. This model is expected to solve the problem of vascularization in tissue engineering and has a great application prospect.

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A target molecule affinity-ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MSn) method was established for rapid screening acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors from total alkaloids of fibraurea recisa Pierre.A total of 12 potential inhibitors were screened from Fibraurea recisa Pierre.and 6 compounds were identified including palmatine,berberine,jatrorrhizine,palmatrubine,7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxyberberine and groenlandicine.The AChE inhibitory activity of these 6 compounds was validated in vitro.Palmatine showed the strongest inhibitory activity for AChE,which was stronger than that of donepezil hydrochloride,demonstrating the potential of palmatine as anti-Alzheimer's drug.This method is simple,rapid,and accurate for directly screening active ingredients which can inhibit AChE from complex extract of traditional Chinese medicines.

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Objective@#To report the pedicled anterolateral thigh flap with kiss technique for reconstruction of vulva.@*Methods@#From Mar.2015 to Mar.2017, 17 patients with vulvar tumor were treated with radical resection and transfer of the pedicled anterolateral thigh flap with kiss technique.@*Results@#All the flaps survived completely with no complication. The contour and function of reconstructed vulva was satisfactory.@*Conclusions@#The pedicled anterolateral thigh flap with kiss technique for reconstruction of vulva has the advantages of reliable blood supply, low morbidity at donor sites, and good therapeutic effect.

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BACKGROUND: Skin grafting is needed for traditional auricular reconstruction. As the skin grafts contract, the postoperative framework is distorted. This leads to a decrease in the auriculocephalic angle. The objective of this study was to test a new method to cover the reconstructive framework by using three skin flaps and a larger tissue expander than that normally used. This may reduce the distortion of the reconstructed ear and create a well-shaped auriculocephalic angle. METHODS: A large expander was inserted in the postauricular mastoid area. Three expanded flaps were then created to cover the anterior and posterior frameworks, with separate mastoid coverage. By measuring the height and angle at three different points on the reconstructed ear and comparing them with the contralateral normal ear, a system for measuring the auriculocephalic angle was established. RESULTS: The surface of the framework and the mastoid area were covered by three flaps developed from one large tissue expander. The appearance of the reconstructed ears was similar to that of the normal side by the patient's 6- to 12-month follow-up. The difference in the distance at the three points between the reconstructed and normal sides after the three-flap reconstruction was less than that following traditional reconstruction (p < 0.05). The variation in the angle measured at these three points in the three-flap group was also much smaller than that in the traditional group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The three-flap technique not only improves the appearance of the reconstructed ear, but helps shape a perfect auriculocephalic angle.

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BACKGROUND: Nipple inversion is a relatively common problem in adolescent and adult women; however, most present surgical treatments are prone to injure the lactiferous ducts and impair the breast feeding function. A nipple retractor was developed by us in 2003 to correct nipple inversion to avoid lactiferous duct injury. The details and a 10-year evaluation of this technique were introduced in this paper. METHODS: The nipple retractor was made from the hollow end of single-use syringe, then eight holes were punctured for sutures crossing the base, and the height of retractor depended on the sizes of nipple-areola complex and breast volume. Two sutures were made to cross beneath the base of the nipple to elevate the nipple, and the hollow retractor was placed on the areola with the nipple and four ends of the sutures in the center, sutures then passed the prefabricated holes on the retractor base and were fixed with knots and suitable tension. The retractor was worn for 3-6 months and then could be removed. RESULTS: A total of 257 nipples in 136 patients with nipple inversion (unilateral: 15 patients; bilateral: 121 patients) received this operation from Jan 2003 to Dec 2012, among which 233 nipples were successfully corrected (90.7 %), and 24 nipples reoccurred in 2 years. The effective rates of grade I and grade II inversions were significantly higher than that of grade III (P < 0.01). Thirty-two patients with 56 treated nipples underwent labor and breastfeeding, and all the nipples were functional. The complications included fistula after suture removal (19 nipples, 7.4 %), breaking of suture (8 nipples, 3.1 %), erosion of nipple (28 nipples, 10.9 %), and chronic pain (10 nipples, 3.4 %), and all these complications were properly managed. CONCLUSION: The nipple retractor technique is a feasible, effective, and safe method for correction of grade I and grade II nipple inversions, and could also be indicated for primary correction of grade III inversion. Its most significant advantage is that lactiferous duct injury can be avoided and the breast feeding function preserved. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: Nipple inversion is a common malformation in adolescent and adult women, which can be present unilaterally or bilaterally. It was generally initiated from the adolescent period and could be caused by primary hypogenesis of smooth muscle and supporting tissue of the nipple-areola complex or hypoplasia of lactiferous ducts [1] . Some other secondary factors such as chronic infection, tumor, and previous surgery could contribute to the fibrosis, and some of them were believed to be congenital and hereditary [2, 3]. Since the openings of lactiferous ducts are immersed, inversion might cause reoccurring infection and breast feeding difficulty, and the appearance of the breast would be affected as well, which would impact patients' psychological health. Nipple inversion can be clinically divided into three categories according to Han et al.'s grading rules. In grade I, the nipple is easily pulled out manually and maintains its projection quite well. In grade II, the nipples can be pulled out but cannot maintain projection and tend to go back again. In grade III, the nipple can hardly be pulled out manually. [4] The images of three grades of nipple inversion are present in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 Three categories of nipple inversion grade I inverted nipple(a), grade II inverted nipple(b), grade III inverted nipple(c) Surgical interventions are the most effective treatments at present; however, injury to lactiferous ducts is inevitable in most surgical techniques [1, 5-10]. Some conservative nonoperative techniques have been developed in the last several years, such as a self-retraction and suction device, but only mild cases of grade I are indicated. Several suspension and retraction devices have been reported in recent years [10, 11], and the effect was acceptable, but long-term results were not reported. To simplify the operation procedures and diminish the possibility of lactiferous duct injury, we developed a nipple retractor, which was made from a single-use syringe, to correct nipple inversion from 2003. The details of procedures and techniques are introduced in this paper, as well as a 10-year retrospective analysis.

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Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of using double-circle incision combined with the dermal bra technique for the correction of simple breast ptosis.Methods From March 2010 to December 2014,88 patients underwent breast ptosis correction using the technique,among which 52 cases were classified into mild ptosis,27 moderate ptosis,and 9 severe ptosis.According to the extent of ptosis,varying size of the dermal bra were designed,and the mammary glandular flap was rotated,suspended and fixed onto the pectoralis fascia.For patients with insufficient size of the dermal bra,the polypropylene mesh was used to assist glandular suspension and fixation.Follow-up duration was between 3 to 24 months,and the surgical effect was evaluated from the following aspects:wound healing,breast sensory,shape,and texture,etc.Results The 4 cases (4.5％) had hematoma,and 3 cases (3.4％) suffered from poor wound healing.No case of fat liquefaction,necrosis of the nipple and areola complex,sensory disorder of NAC,or secondary ptosis was examined.Mammary contour was slightly rigid in the early postoperative period but gradually becoming natural with soft texture 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions Double-circle incision combined with the dermal technique is worth spreading in the clinical practice of breast ptosis correction for its satisfactory outcomes and low incidence of complications.

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the curative effect of Z-plasty without skin grafting for correction of cryptotia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five cases (29 ears) with cryototia were corrected by Z-plasty without skin grafting in our department from June 2009 to January 2014. A Z-shaped incision with one arm on the back of antihelix and the other arm on the edge of hair was made on the back of ear and scalp. The adhesion on the back of antihelix cartilage was dissected and the cartilage framework was lifted and re-positioned. The postauricular flap was transferred to cover the wound on the back of antihelix. The other flap was transferred to cover the remnant wound and correct the malformation of cryptotia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 1 year with stable and symmetric appearance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The shape of auricle is natural after operation without skin grafting. It is a simple and ideal method for the treatment of cryptotia.</p>

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the application of intense pulsed light (IPL) depilation in the auricular reconstruction with totally expanded skin and its suitable parameter.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2009 to September 2013, one tissue expander(100 or 150 milliliters) were implanted under the skin of mastoid in 126 patients who suffered from microtia. During the skin expanding, the hair on the expanded skin was depilated by JPL technique. The parameter, operation, interval, the depilation result and the complication were recorded. The autologous rib cartilage frameworks were implanted in the second phase of auricular reconstruction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The energy of IPL was 20 - 35 J/cm2 (mean 25. 3 J/cm2), the width of pulse was 26 - 30 ms ( mean 27. 9 ms), the interval between two operations was 4 weeks. Ninety-six patients were cured(76. 2%, 96/126). The total depilation efficient is 96. 8% (122/126). A fine banding blisters was found in one patient whose depilation areas was marked by black pen. Skin erythema was found in five patients and skin pigmentation was found in 7 patients. There were no skin necrosis and expander exposure in all patients. During 6 - 12 months of follow-up period, ninety-two patients were cured (73.0%, 92/126) and the total depilation efficient is 92. 9% (117/126).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IPL depilation during the skin expanding is feasible and safe with careful procedure. The hairless expanded skin is enough to cover the framework, as well as the post-auricular area. The appearance of reconstructed ear is better without hair.</p>

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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of the transdiferentiation of human breast adipose-derived stem cells (hbASCs) into mammary epithelial-like cells after co-culturing in Transwell in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The third passage hbASC and the HBL-100 cell line were co-cultured in a Transwell culture system for 15 days. The hbASCs were observed and identified by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry staining in the induced and control groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the third passage hbASCs and the HBL-100 cell line cells could adhere and grow rapidly after co-culture in the Transwell system. After co-culture for 15 days, the morphology of some induced hbASCs changed into epithelial-like cells. Some induced hbASCs showed positive expression of CK18, CK19 by immunocytochemistry staining, and typical epithelium cells with microvilli, desmosomes and tonofilaments observed under TEM. The positive rate of CK18 and CK19 was (24.4 +/- 12.0)% and (21.6 +/- 16.4)% in experimental group, and (1.8 +/- 1.7)% and (1.1 +/- 0.6)% in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data suggests that hbASCs may have the potential to transdifferentiate into human mammary epithelial-like cells after co-culturing in Transwell in vitro.</p>

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