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PURPOSE: Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor, and its incidence is rising. To explore the specific differences in benign and malignant melanoma at the genetic level, we performed a series of bioinformatics analyses, including differential gene analysis, co-expression analysis, enrichment analysis, and regulatory prediction. METHODS: The microarray data of benign and malignant melanocytes were downloaded from GEO, and 1917 differential genes were obtained by differential analysis (p < 0.05). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis obtained three functional barrier modules. The essential genes of each module are SMARTA4, HECA, and C1R. RESULTS: The results of the enrichment analysis showed that the dysfunctional module gene was mainly associated with RNA splicing and Adherens junction. Through the pivotal analysis of ncRNA, it was found that miR-448, miR-152-3p, and miR-302b-3p essentially regulate three modules, which we consider to be critical regulators. In the pivot analysis of TF, more control modules include ARID3A, E2F1, E2F3, and E2F8. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the regulator (miR-448, miR-152-3p, miR-302b-3p) regulates the expression of the core gene SMARCA4, which in turn affects the signal transduction of the Adherens junction. It eventually leads to the deterioration of benign skin spasms into melanoma.
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Uniones Adherentes/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , ADN Helicasas/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/genética , Melanocitos , Melanoma/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Neoplasias Cutáneas/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Biología Computacional , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Factor de Transcripción E2F1 , Factor de Transcripción E2F3 , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Melanocitos/patología , Melanoma/patología , MicroARNs , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Empalme del ARN/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN no Traducido , Proteínas Represoras , Transducción de Señal , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares/métodos , Melanoma Cutáneo MalignoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is an effective therapy in HER2 positive advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, the clinicopathologic factors that predict the outcome of routine trastuzumab therapy remain unclear. METHODS: The outcome and safety profile of trastuzumab therapy in untreated HER2 positive AGC was evaluated in this prospective observational study. Clinical and pathological data including demographics, treatment profiles, expression level of HER2 were analyzed to identify predictive factors of trastuzumab-based first-line therapy for their progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Overall, 107 patients were eligible. The median number of treatment cycles was 9 (range 1-44), the median PFS and median overall survival (OS) were 7.7 months (95% CI 6.5-8.9) and 16.0 months (95% CI 13.2-18.8), respectively. The confirmed response rate was 58.9%, and the disease control rate was 82.2%. Patients with liver metastasis (HR 1.616) and poor performance status (PS, HR 2.518) were independently associated with a worse PFS, while the other clinicopathological factors including demographics, treatment profiles and some other clinical characteristics did not predict the survival. CONCLUSIONS: In routine clinical practice, the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy was effective and safe in real-world setting in Chinese patients with HER2 positive AGC, regardless of most of the clinicopathological factors. Further studies are needed to improve the prognosis of HER2 positive patients with liver metastasis or poor PS. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03024450.
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Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Trastuzumab/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The retracted article is: Ji Y, Jin HH, Wang MD, Cao WX, et al. (2016). Methylation of the RASSFIA promoter in breast cancer. Genet. Mol. Res. 15: gmr.15028261. There are significant parts of this article (particularly, in the discussion section) that are copied from "Methylation of HIN-1, RASSF1A, RIL and CDH13 in breast cancer is associated with clinical characteristics, but only RASSF1A methylation is associated with outcome", by Jia Xu, Priya B Shetty, Weiwei Feng, Carol Chenault, Robert C Bast Jr, Jean-Pierre J Issa, Susan G Hilsenbeck and Yinhua Yu, published in BMC Cancer 2012; 12: 243. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-243. The first paragraphs of both discussions are identical. This is concerning. The abstract and introduction sections have much of their text plagiarized. Overall, there is high plagiarism detected. The GMR editorial staff was alerted and after a thorough investigation, we have strong reason to believe that the peer review process was failure and, after review and contacting the authors, the editors of Genetics and Molecular Research decided to retract the article in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The authors and their institutions were advised of this serious breach of ethics.
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We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in certain microRNAs contribute to congenital heart disease (CHD) phenotypes. Five hundred and seventy-three subjects were enrolled in this study. DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells was used for SNP genotyping of miR-196a2 (rs11614913), miR-27a (rs11671784, rs895819), and miR-499 (rs3746444). Allele and genotype association analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between certain microRNA SNPs and three phenotypes of isolated CHD: atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). All the participants carried a homozygous CC variant of miR-27a (rs11671784). The homozygous CC variant of miR-196a2 (rs11614913, T>C) was negatively associated with ASD compared with the wild-type TT variant (OR = 0.379, 95%CI = 0.209-0.686, P = 0.001). The miR-196a2 C allele was negatively associated with ASD compared with the T allele (OR = 0.646, 95%CI = 0.491-0.849, P = 0.002). The statistically significant results were further confirmed by dominant and recessive model assays. SNPs of miR-27a (rs895819, T>C) and miR-499 (rs3746444, A>G) showed diverse association with ASD, VSD, or PDA, but the differences were not statistically significant. The rs11614913 (T>C) SNP of miR-196a2 is associated with ASD, and the homozygous CC variant and the C allele are protective factors associated with ASD. The homozygous CC variant and the C allele of the rs11614913 (T>C) SNP of miR-196a2 are associated with a significantly reduced risk of ASD.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Cardiopatías Congénitas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study investigated the nature and mechanism of juglone-induced apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The inhibitory effect of juglone on MCF-7 cell growth was evaluated by the dimethylthiazol tetrazolium assay. Morphological apoptotic changes were characterized using an inverted microscope, Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, and Giemsa staining. The rate of cell apoptosis, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using flow cytometry. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations were detected using laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. Expression of the proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and cytochrome C was assessed by western blotting. Caspase-3 activity was quantified using a caspase-3 activity kit. Juglone inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 11.99 µM. The rates of MCF-7 cell apoptosis at 24 h after exposure to 5, 10, and 20 µM juglone were 9.29, 20.67, and 28.39%, respectively; compared to unexposed cells, juglone-exposed cells exhibited significant elevation in intracellular ROS level, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Juglone upregulated the expression of Bax, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, promoting the release of cytochrome C, thereby upregulating the activity of caspase-3. The results suggest that the mechanism of juglone-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells is characterized by elevated ROS levels, reduced Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, outer mitochondrial-membrane rupture, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3 activation.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Naftoquinonas/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dear Editor, We read the article "Association between the interleukin-6-174 G/C polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis" by Jin et al. (2015) with great interest. The authors searched the literature for data sources to analyze the relationship between interlerukin-6-174G/C and ischemic stroke. Their meticulousness in study selection and data extraction is highly commendable. Of all the studies included in this meta-analysis, we were particularly interested in the extraction of data reported by Banerjee et al. (2008). For this study, Jin et al. (2015) considered all the 176 patients in the ischemic-stroke group, although 64 of them had hemorrhagic stroke. According to pathology, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are two of the three main types of stroke (Rodgers, 2013). Each has several subtypes, with distinct underlying vascular pathologies; their pathogenesis has also been distinguished. Inflammation and genetic factors play an important role in the development of ischemic stroke (Gao et al., 2006; Jin et al., 2010). Moreover, ischemic stroke is characterized by thrombus, which is a complex process mainly induced by either hyper- or hypo-tension (Tong et al., 2016). On the contrary, hemorrhagic stroke is mainly attributed to various environmental and genetic risk factors, and is triggered by cerebral hemorrhage (Ikram et al., 2012). Ischemic stroke is usually accompanied by the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation in patients, especially after thrombolytic therapy (Jickling et al., 2014). Thus, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke involve related, but different processes. Ideally, Jin et al. (2015) should have considered data for the 112 patients with ischemic stroke for their meta-analysis, instead of those for all the 176 patients. The result of this study would also have been more accurate and reliable. Further, in the second paragraph of the discussion section in this paper, the authors stated that, "This is the first systematic study of the association between the IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism and ischemic stroke risk using meta-analysis." However, we would like to bring to your notice that there have been a few meta-analytical studies on the association between IL6-174G/C polymorphism and ischemic stroke (Ye et al., 2012; Kumar et al., 2015). The literature included in Ye et al. (2012) meta-analysis is not as extensive as that in the study by Jin et al. (2015). The study by Kumar et al. (2015) included more relevant literatures. The results of these three studies are similar. All of them concluded that IL-6-174G/C gene polymorphisms may not be associated with an increased susceptibility to ischemic stroke. Thus, we suggest more attention should be paid to these relevant studies. Undoubtedly, a more systematic and comprehensive approach to literature searching was required in the study by Jin et al. (2015).
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Interleucina-6/genética , Animales , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Accidente CerebrovascularRESUMEN
This study was performed to identify and analyze the phylogenetic relationship among four herbaceous species of the genus Paeonia, P. lactiflora, P. japonica, P. veitchii, and P. suffruticosa, using DNA barcodes. These four species, which are commonly used in traditional medicine as Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Radicis Cortex, are pharmaceutically defined in different ways in the national pharmacopoeias in Korea, Japan, and China. To authenticate the different species used in these medicines, we evaluated rDNA-internal transcribed spacers (ITS), matK and rbcL regions, which provide information capable of effectively distinguishing each species from one another. Seventeen samples were collected from different geographic regions in Korea and China, and DNA barcode regions were amplified using universal primers. Comparative analyses of these DNA barcode sequences revealed species-specific nucleotide sequences capable of discriminating the four Paeonia species. Among the entire sequences of three barcodes, marker nucleotides were identified at three positions in P. lactiflora, eleven in P. japonica, five in P. veitchii, and 25 in P. suffruticosa. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed four distinct clusters showing homogeneous clades with high resolution at the species level. The results demonstrate that the analysis of these three DNA barcode sequences is a reliable method for identifying the four Paeonia species and can be used to authenticate Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Radicis Cortex at the species level. Furthermore, based on the assessment of amplicon sizes, inter/intra-specific distances, marker nucleotides, and phylogenetic analysis, rDNA-ITS was the most suitable DNA barcode for identification of these species.
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Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , ADN Ribosómico , Paeonia/clasificación , Paeonia/genética , Filogenia , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Plantas Medicinales/genética , ADN de PlantasRESUMEN
Tumor suppressor genes are the key targets of hypermethylation in breast cancer and may therefore lead to malignancy by deregulation of cell growth and division. Our previous pilot study with pairs of malignant and normal breast tissues identified a correlation between RASSFIA gene methylation and breast cancer. To determine the relationship between RASSFIA methylation and breast cancer, we conducted a larger study. We took samples from 108 patients with breast cancer, 28 patients with benign breast tumors, and 33 subjects with normal breast tissues at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University at Wuxi between July 2013 and September 2015. We used the samples to investigate methylation levels of the RASSF1A gene for associations with breast cancer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation-specific PCR were used to investigate the levels of RASSF1A mRNA expression and RASSF1A methylation, respectively. RASSFIA was not expressed in 22 of the 108 breast cancer tissue samples (20.37%), and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); however, RASSFIA expression was significantly lower than that in the normal breast tissue samples (P < 0.05). Moreover, the methylation rate of the RASSFIA gene promoter was significantly higher in the breast cancer tissues (64.81%) than in the normal breast tissues (18.18%) and benign breast tumors (17.86%) (P < 0.05). High methylation of the RASSF1A gene promoter was an important reason for its downregulation, and the gene played a critical regulated role in the incidence and development of breast cancer.
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Methods to identify Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma are required because of frequent reciprocal substitution between these two herbal medicines and the existence of several closely related plant materials. As a result of the morphological similarity of dried tubers, correct discrimination of authentic herbal medicines is difficult by conventional methods. Therefore, we analyzed DNA barcode sequences to identify each herbal medicine and the common adulterants at a species level. To verify the identity of these herbal medicines, we collected five authentic species (Pinellia ternata for Pinelliae Tuber, and Arisaema amurense, A. amurense var. serratum, A. erubescens, and A. heterophyllum for Arisaematis Rhizoma) and six common adulterant plant species. Maturase K (matK) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) genes were then amplified using universal primers. In comparative analyses of two DNA barcode sequences, we obtained 45 species-specific nucleotides sufficient to identify each species (except A. erubescens with matK) and 28 marker nucleotides for each species (except P. pedatisecta with rbcL). Sequence differences at corresponding positions of the two combined DNA barcodes provided genetic marker nucleotides that could be used to identify specimens of the correct species among the analyzed medicinal plants. Furthermore, we generated a phylogenetic tree showing nine distinct groups depending on the species. These results can be used to authenticate Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma from their adulterants and to identify each species. Thus, comparative analyses of plant DNA barcode sequences identified useful genetic markers for the authentication of Pinelliae Tuber and Arisaematis Rhizoma from several adulterant herbal materials.
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Arisaema/genética , Código de Barras del ADN Taxonómico , Genes de Plantas , Pinellia/genética , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Arisaema/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Pinellia/clasificación , Plantas Medicinales/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease with a high mortality rate. Approximately 40 genes have been found to be associated with DCM to date. Non-familial DCM can also be caused by gene mutations, suggesting that genetic factors were involved in the pathogenesis of DCM; therefore genetic testing is beneficial for the early diagnosis of DCM, which can facilitate the implementation of preventive measures by and within patient's families. Here, we investigated the underlying genetic mutations involved in the cause of patients with DCM. This prospective study included 240 patients with idiopathic DCM and 240 healthy volunteers. Subject clinical data were collected and polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out on subject DNA for three candidate genes tropomyosin (TPM1), cardiac troponin T type-2 (TNNT2), and nuclear lamina protein A/C. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were detected in the TPM1 (rs1071646) and TNNT2 (rs3729547) genes, respectively. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies were found to satisfy Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which indicated that the group was representative. Statistically significant differences were found between the variant frequencies in the two SNP loci between the Kazakh patients with idiopathic DCM (IDCM) and healthy volunteers. A significant difference in the genotype distributions (P = 0.000) and allele frequencies (P = 0.000) of SNP rs1071646, and another significant difference in the genotype distributions (P = 0.000) and allele frequencies (P = 0.039) of SNP rs3729547 between Kazakhs with IDCM and Kazakh controls. These results suggest that the TPM1 (rs1071646) and TNNT2 (rs3729547) gene variants might represent risk factors for patients with DCM in the Kazakh population.
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Cardiomiopatía Dilatada/genética , Tropomiosina/genética , Troponina T/genética , Adulto , Secuencia de Bases , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Estudios Prospectivos , Sarcómeros/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to observe the analgesic effects of the combination of dezocine and butorphanol on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients. Forty elderly patients undergoing upper abdominal surgeries or thoracotomies with general anesthesia were randomly divided into the dezocine and butorphanol group or the butorphanol group (20 patients per group). A visual analog scale was used to evaluate analgesia and the degree of malignant vomiting. The Ramsay scoring method was used to evaluate sedation. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive function. Forty-eight hours after the operation, the pain score of the dezocine and butorphanol group (means ± SD, 1.75 ± 0.44) was lower than that of the butorphanol group (2.25 ± 0.79; P < 0.05), and the nausea and vomiting score of the dezocine and butorphanol group (0) was lower than that of the butorphanol group (0.70 ± 1.30; P < 0.05). Six hours after the operation, the sedative score of the butorphanol group (3.75 ± 0.79) was higher than that of the dezocine and butorphanol group (2.15 ± 0.75; P < 0.05). Compared to 1 day before the operation, the MMSE scores of both groups decreased 6 h after the operation, and the MMSE score of the butorphanol group (15.00 ± 2.00) was lower than that of the dezocine and butorphanol group (20.95 ± 1.54; P < 0.05). Dezocine and butorphanol analgesia had transient effects on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients, and the effect of the combination was superior than butorphanol only.
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Anestesia Intravenosa/efectos adversos , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/efectos adversos , Butorfanol/efectos adversos , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Tetrahidronaftalenos/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/administración & dosificación , Butorfanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/patología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Tetrahidronaftalenos/administración & dosificación , ToracotomíaRESUMEN
Abnormal high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) activation is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary rehabilitation mixture (PRM), which combines extracts from eight traditional Chinese medicines, has very good lung protection in clinical use. However, it is not known if PRM has anti-fibrotic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of PRM on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The effects of PRM on TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells, on the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (HLF-1) in vitro, and on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo were investigated. PRM treatment resulted in a reduction of EMT in A549 cells that was associated with attenuating an increase of vimentin and a decrease of E-cadherin. PRM inhibited the proliferation of HLF-1 at an IC50 of 0.51 µg/mL. PRM ameliorated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, with reduction of histopathological scores and collagen deposition, and a decrease in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and HMGB1 expression. An increase in receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) expression was found in BLM-instilled lungs. PRM significantly decreased EMT and prevented pulmonary fibrosis through decreasing HMGB1 and regulating RAGE in vitro and in vivo. PRM inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT via decreased HMGB1 and vimentin and increased RAGE and E-cadherin levels. In summary, PRM prevented experimental pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the HMGB1/RAGE pathway.
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Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bleomicina , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína HMGB1/efectos de los fármacos , Hidroxiprolina/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Abnormal high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) activation is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary rehabilitation mixture (PRM), which combines extracts from eight traditional Chinese medicines, has very good lung protection in clinical use. However, it is not known if PRM has anti-fibrotic activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of PRM on transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)-mediated and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The effects of PRM on TGF-ß1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells, on the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (HLF-1) in vitro, and on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo were investigated. PRM treatment resulted in a reduction of EMT in A549 cells that was associated with attenuating an increase of vimentin and a decrease of E-cadherin. PRM inhibited the proliferation of HLF-1 at an IC50 of 0.51 µg/mL. PRM ameliorated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, with reduction of histopathological scores and collagen deposition, and a decrease in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and HMGB1 expression. An increase in receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) expression was found in BLM-instilled lungs. PRM significantly decreased EMT and prevented pulmonary fibrosis through decreasing HMGB1 and regulating RAGE in vitro and in vivo. PRM inhibited TGF-ß1-induced EMT via decreased HMGB1 and vimentin and increased RAGE and E-cadherin levels. In summary, PRM prevented experimental pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the HMGB1/RAGE pathway.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bleomicina , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína HMGB1/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hidroxiprolina/análisis , Inmunohistoquímica , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Factor de Crecimiento Derivado de Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor para Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/efectos de los fármacos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of the fluid bolus contrast flow meter during hysterosalpingography. Hysterosalpingography information of 342 cases, which included a manual handset group of 213 cases and a bolus instrument group of 129 cases were reviewed. Comparative analysis was used to compare the two groups in order to assess the clinical adverse reactions, contrast agent reflux, and image quality. In the instrument bolus group compared with the manual handset group, the clinical adverse reactions decreased from 75.12 to 31.78% (P < 0.001); the backflow phenomenon of the contrast agent decreased from 13.62 to 3.10% (P < 0.01); and image quality significantly improved, with the A class film rate increasing from 54.46 to 68.99% (P < 0.01) and the C class film rate decreasing from 8.92 to 2.33% (P < 0.05). The use of a contrast bolus through the liquid inlet of the hysterosalpingography instrument can provide fully dynamic observation, reducing the contrast agent reflux and adverse reactions as well as improving the image quality and diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the medical staff is not subjected to radiographic radiation. Therefore, it is a safe and reliable imaging method.
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Medios de Contraste , Histerosalpingografía/instrumentación , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Infertilidad Femenina/diagnóstico , Infertilidad Femenina/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen RadiográficaRESUMEN
The study aimed to investigate the effect of intrathecal injections of Tanshinone IIA on thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of bone cancer-pain. Spinal IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α expression levels were analyzed. C3H/HeNCrlVr male mice were assigned to groups that either received dose-dependent injections of Tanshinone IIA, or the DMSO + Sham, Tanshinone IIA + Sham, DMSO + Tumor, and Control groups. Paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) was measured with a radiant heat stimulus and mRNA expression levels were determined using real-time PCR. Fourteen days post-injection, PWTL in the DMSO + Tumor group was lower than that in the controls (P < 0.05). Twenty-one days post-injection, compared with the Control group, there was no significant difference in PWTL and IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels between the Tanshinone IIA + Sham and DMSO + Sham groups (P > 0.05). PWTL in the DMSO + Tumor group was significantly lower than the Control group (P < 0.05), while the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher than controls. Compared with the DMSO + Tumor group, PWTLs were higher in the Tanshinone IIA - 20-µg and 40-µg groups, while expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly lower (P < 0.05). These measures were not significantly different between the Tanshinone IIA 10 µg and the DMSO + Tumor groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Tanshinone IIA may inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as, IL-1 ß, IL-6 α, TNF-α.
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Abietanos/administración & dosificación , Osteosarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/etiología , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Inyecciones Espinales , Interleucinas/biosíntesis , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Mielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Mielitis/metabolismo , Mielitis/patología , Osteosarcoma/metabolismo , Osteosarcoma/patología , Dolor/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesisRESUMEN
In this article, we describe the first outbreak of Candida parapsilosis fungemia in our hospital. We examined a cluster of four nosocomial cases of C. parapsilosis fungemia that occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University over a two-week period. We ascertained patient parameters including clinical characteristics, blood and sputum cultures, and drug sensitivity test results. Cultures from eight blood samples obtained from the four infected preterm infants showed identical characteristics and were identified as C. parapsilosis. In order to determine the infection-related factors and to control the spread of the infection among the population, we immediately initiated the emergency plan. All four of the preterm infants recovered from the infection; there were no deaths. Outbreaks of C. parapsilosis, mostly involving preterm infants of very low birth weight or extremely low birth weight, can and do occur in NICUs. Cultures prepared using multiple samples taken from different patients contribute to a more definitive diagnosis. Established measures that control and prevent the infection, as well as effective and comprehensive treatments, can lead to a favorable outcome. That is to say, improving both disinfection and isolation, as well as interrupting the pathway of transmission, is the key to controlling the spread of infection.
Asunto(s)
Candida , Candidiasis/epidemiología , Candidiasis/microbiología , Fungemia , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis/diagnóstico , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Chicory is a crop with economically important roles and is cultivated worldwide. The genetic diversity and relationship of 80 accessions of chicories and endives were evaluated by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to provide a theoretical basis for future breeding programs in China. The polymorphic rate was 96.83%, and the average polymorphic information content was 0.323, suggesting the rich genetic diversity of chicory. The genetic diversity degree of chicory was higher (GS = 0.677) than that of endive (GS = 0.701). The accessions with the highest genetic diversity (effective number of alleles, NE = 1.609; Nei's genetic diversity, H = 0.372; Shannon information index, I = 0.556) were from Italy. The richest genetic diversity was revealed in a chicory line (NE = 1.478, H = 0.289, I = 0.443) among the 3 types (line, wild, and cultivar). The chicory genetic structure of 8 geographical groups showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 14.20% and the number of immigrants per generation (Nm) was 3.020. A GST of 6.80% and an Nm of 6.853 were obtained from different types. This observation suggests that these chicory lines, especially those from the Mediterranean region, have potential for providing rich genetic resources for further breeding programs, that the chicory genetic structure among different countries obviously differs with a certain amount of gene flow, and that SRAP markers could be applied to analyze genetic relationships and classifications of Cichorium intybus and C. endivia.
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Cichorium intybus/genética , Genes de Plantas , Marcadores Genéticos , Polimorfismo Genético , Familia de Multigenes , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Chloroplast microsatellites were developed in Theobroma cacao to examine the genetic diversity of cacao cultivars in Trinidad and Tobago. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine polymorphic microsatellites were designed from the chloroplast genomes of two T. cacao accessions. These microsatellites were tested in 95 hybrid accessions from Trinidad and Tobago. An average of 2.9 alleles per locus was found. CONCLUSIONS: These chloroplast microsatellites, particularly the highly polymorphic pentameric repeat, were useful in assessing genetic variation in T. cacao. In addition, these markers should also prove to be useful for population genetic studies in other species of Malvaceae.
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Cacao/genética , Cloroplastos/genética , Cartilla de ADN/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Malvaceae/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Alelos , Sitios Genéticos/genética , Haplotipos/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Motivos de Nucleótidos/genética , Trinidad y TobagoRESUMEN
The efficacy of endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is controversial, and the mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CPU0123, a novel endothelin type A and type B receptor antagonist, on myocardial I/R injury and to explore the mechanisms involved. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were randomized to three groups (6-7 per group): group 1, Sham; group 2, I/R + vehicle. Rats were subjected to in vivo myocardial I/R injury by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 0.5 percent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (1 mL/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to coronary occlusion. Group 3, I/R + CPU0213. Rats were subjected to identical surgical procedures and CPU0213 (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately prior to coronary occlusion. Infarct size, cardiac function and biochemical changes were measured. CPU0213 pretreatment reduced infarct size as a percentage of the ischemic area by 44.5 percent (I/R + vehicle: 61.3 ± 3.2 vs I/R + CPU0213: 34.0 ± 5.5 percent, P < 0.05) and improved ejection fraction by 17.2 percent (I/R + vehicle: 58.4 ± 2.8 vs I/R + CPU0213: 68.5 ± 2.2 percent, P < 0.05) compared to vehicle-treated animals. This protection was associated with inhibition of myocardial inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, reduction in Akt (protein kinase B) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation induced by myocardial I/R injury was limited by CPU0213 (P < 0.05). These data suggest that CPU0123, a non-selective antagonist, has protective effects against myocardial I/R injury in rats, which may be related to the Akt/eNOS pathway.
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Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/prevención & control , Pirazoles/farmacología , Receptor de Endotelina A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Endotelina B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Análisis de Varianza , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate telomerase activity in peripheral whole blood from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients as a biomarker for diagnosis of HNSCC or detection of recurrence during follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Telomerase activity was measured from peripheral whole blood extracts by telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) in HNSCC patients before and after surgery and in a control group. Sixty-two HNSCC patients and 42 control subjects were included. RESULTS Telomerase activity was found in 41 out of 62 (66.1%) HNSCC patients before surgery and in 8 out of 42 (19.0%) controls (p<0.001). Among 41 HNSCC patients who showed positive telomerase activity before surgery, 32 (78.1%) showed a conversion of telomerase activity to negative after surgery. In follow-up, 6 out of 8 (75%) showed conversion of telomerase activity from negative to positive after recurrence. Telomerase activity was changed to negative in 4 out of 6 (66%) recurred patients with positive telomerase activity after second surgery. CONCLUSION The telomerase activity in peripheral whole blood extracts of HNSCC patients might be a useful biomarker for detecting recurrence after treatment. Further study with larger sample size using a more sensitive detection method of telomerase activity is necessary to verify these results.