RESUMEN
Rhabdias are lung-dwelling parasites of anurans and some reptiles. Currently, 93 species are known to exist worldwide. The identification of Rhabdias species is based mainly on morphological traits of hermaphroditic females that generally have a very conserved morphology. However, different approaches, such as the combination of morphological, molecular, and ecological data, have provided advances in identifying and delimiting rhabdiasid species. Here, we describe a new species of Rhabdias from the south of Brazil, with morphological and molecular data. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having an elongated body, evident cephalic dilation, larger buccal capsule, and large esophagus. In addition to morphological characteristics, we observed significant genetic divergence among the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of the new species and the closest available sequence, Rhabdias fuelleborni (10.24%-10.87%). Furthermore, phylogenetic reconstructions based on the COI gene indicated that the new species represents a different lineage, constituting an outgroup of the species complexes Rhabdias cf. stenocephala and Rhabdias fuelleborni with Rhabdias sp. 4. Thus, Rhabdias megacephala is the 24th nominal species of the Neotropical region, the 14th Brazilian, and the fourth species described from south of Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Anuros , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones , Bosques , Filogenia , Animales , Brasil , Femenino , Anuros/parasitología , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Masculino , Infecciones por Rhabditida/parasitología , Infecciones por Rhabditida/veterinaria , Rhabdiasoidea/genética , Rhabdiasoidea/clasificación , Rhabdiasoidea/anatomía & histología , Rhabdiasoidea/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Células Eucariotas/citología , ADN Bacteriano , Microbiología Ambiental , Elapidae/microbiología , Técnicas In Vitro , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Microbiología del Suelo , Métodos , Guías como Asunto , SueloRESUMEN
This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.