RESUMEN
The aim was to study the angiographic profile in patients presented as acute coronary syndrome and its relation with risk factors and comparison between genders. This prospective observational study was performed on total 352 patients of acute coronary syndrome were analyzed for various risk factors, angiographic pattern in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, South India from January 2015 to July 2016. Mean age of presentation was 52.62±11.63 years. Male were 271(77.0%) and female were 81(23.0%). Majority of patients were STEMI (67.6%) followed by UA (24.4%) and NSTEMI (8%). Smoker was 117(33.3%) patients. Hypertensive were 124(35.2%) of patients and 149(42.3%) were diabetics. Family history of CAD was positive in 45(12.8%). On angiographic evaluation left main reference diameter was lower in females (4.02±0.72) than males (4.07±0.82). LAD was most commonly involved followed by RCA and LCX among all three group of acute coronary syndrome. Left main was least involved (8.3%). In STEMI SVD (40.3%) was most common presentation, after that DVD was seen in 22.3%, TVD in 10.5%, non-obstructive coronary was seen in 16% of patients and normal coronary was seen in 11% of patients. In UA 28%, 22.8%, 13.2%, 15.8%, 20.2% was seen in SVD, DVD, TVD, non-obstructive and normal coronary respectively. Long length coronary lesions (>20mm) were seen in majority in all type of acute coronary syndrome. Coronary lesion length was not associated with presentation acute coronary syndrome and genders. Male were most commonly presented as acute coronary syndrome. STEMI was most common presentation. Diabetic was most prevalent risk factor. SVD was most common angiographic pattern and LAD was most common involved arteries.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Angiografía Coronaria , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The break force of flat faced tablets subject to diametrical compression (often referred to as "hardness") can be related to the tensile strength of the material using the Hertz contact theory. For curved tablets analytical solutions do not exist and an empirical equation developed by Pitt and Newton (1988) is usually used. In this paper we measure the break force of curved faced tablets having a range of curvatures pressed at various compaction forces. An empirical equation is proposed to relate the break force of curved faced tablets to the material tensile strength. The proposed equation is simplified and reduced to a form that is consistent with developed by Hertz theory for flat faced tablets.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Teóricos , Comprimidos/química , Celulosa/química , Composición de Medicamentos , Excipientes/química , Dureza , Presión , Resistencia a la TracciónAsunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Ensayos Clínicos Fase I como Asunto , Simulación por Computador , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dosis Máxima Tolerada , Oncología Médica/organización & administración , Modelos Estadísticos , Neoplasias/patología , Selección de Paciente , Pediatría/organización & administración , Proyectos de Investigación , Medición de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Fluconazole is being increasingly used to prevent and treat invasive candidiasis in neonates, yet dosing is largely empirical due to the lack of adequate pharmacokinetic (PK) data. We performed a multicenter population PK study of fluconazole in 23- to 40-week-gestation infants less than 120 days of age. We developed a population PK model using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM) with the NONMEM algorithm. Covariate effects were predefined and evaluated based on estimation precision and clinical significance. We studied fluconazole PK in 55 infants who at enrollment had a median (range) weight of 1.02 (0.440 to 7.125) kg, a gestational age at birth (BGA) of 26 (23 to 40) weeks, and a postnatal age (PNA) of 2.3 (0.14 to 12.6) weeks. The final data set contained 357 samples; 217/357 (61%) were collected prospectively at prespecified time intervals, and 140/357 (39%) were scavenged from discarded clinical specimens. Fluconazole population PK was best described by a one-compartment model with covariates normalized to median values. The population mean clearance (CL) can be derived for this population by the equation CL (liter/h) equals 0.015 . (weight/1)(0.75) . (BGA/26)(1.739) . (PNA/2)(0.237) . serum creatinine (SCRT)(-4.896) (when SCRT is >1.0 mg/dl), and using a volume of distribution (V) (liter) of 1.024 . (weight/1). The relative standard error around the fixed effects point estimates ranged from 3 to 24%. CL doubles between birth and 28 days of age from 0.008 to 0.016 and from 0.010 to 0.022 liter/kg/h for typical 24- and 32-week-gestation infants, respectively. This population PK model of fluconazole discriminated the impact of BGA, PNA, and creatinine on drug CL. Our data suggest that dosing in young infants will require adjustment for BGA and PNA to achieve targeted systemic drug exposures.