RESUMEN
The simultaneous occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum and systemic lupus erythematosus is exceedingly rare and poses diagnostic challenges due to the similarity of skin manifestations in both conditions. The exact relationship between the two conditions remains unclear; however, it is hypothesized that immune dysregulation and neutrophilic infiltration may play a role in the development of pyoderma gangrenosum in SLE patients. Clinicians should be vigilant in recognizing such uncommon associations to ensure prompt and appropriate management.
RESUMEN
Neurodegenerative disorders are a diversity of disorders, surrounding Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Huntington's diseases (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) accompanied by some other less common diseases generally characterized by either developed deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system structurally or functionally. Today, with the viewpoint of an increasingly aging society, the number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and sociomedical burdens will spread intensely. During the last decade, stem cell technology has attracted great attention for treating neurodegenerative diseases worldwide because of its unique attributes. As acknowledged, there are several categories of stem cells being able to proliferate and differentiate into various cellular lineages, highlighting their significance in the context of regenerative medicine. In preclinical models, stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and neural progenitor or stem cells (NPCs or NSCs) along with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)-derived neuronal cells could elicit desired therapeutic effects, enabling functional deficit rescue partially. Regardless of the noteworthy progress in our scientific awareness and understanding of stem cell biology, there still exist various challenges to defeat. In the present review, we provide a summary of the therapeutic potential of stem cells and discuss the current status and prospect of stem cell strategy in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, AD, PD, ALS, and HD.
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Células-Madre Neurales , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Células Madre Pluripotentes , Trasplante de Células Madre/métodos , Animales , HumanosRESUMEN
Neurodegenerative disorders are a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) along with some other less common diseases generally described by the advanced deterioration of central or peripheral nervous system, structurally or functionally. In the last two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their unique assets encompassing self-renewal, multipotency and accessibility in association with low ethical concern open new frontiers in the context of neurodegenerative diseases therapy. Interestingly, MSCs can be differentiated into endodermal and ectodermal lineages (e.g., neurons, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte), and thus could be employed to advance cell-based therapeutic strategy. Additionally, as inflammation ordinarily ensues as a local response provoked by microglia in the neurodegenerative diseases, MSCs therapy because of their pronounced immunomodulatory properties is noticed as a rational approach for their treatment. Recently, varied types of studies have been mostly carried out in vitro and rodent models using MSCs upon their procurement from various sources and expansion. The promising results of the studies in rodent models have motivated researchers to design and perform several clinical trials, with a speedily rising number. In the current review, we aim to deliver a brief overview of MSCs sources, expansion strategies, and their immunosuppressive characteristics and discuss credible functional mechanisms exerted by MSCs to treat neurodegenerative disorders, covering AD, PD, ALS, MS, and HD.
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Tratamiento Basado en Trasplante de Células y Tejidos/métodos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/terapia , Humanos , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
In recent decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) biomedical utilizing has attracted worldwide growing attention. After the first report of the human MSCs obtaining from the bone marrow (BM) tissue, these cells were isolated from wide types of the other tissues, ranging from adipose tissue to dental pulp. Their specific characteristics, comprising self-renewality, multipotency, and availability accompanied by their immunomodulatory properties and little ethical concern denote their importance in the context of regenerative medicine. Considering preclinical studies, MSCs can modify immune reactions during tissue repair and restoration, providing suitable milieu for tissue recovery; on the other hand, they can be differentiated into comprehensive types of the body cells, such as osteoblast, chondrocyte, hepatocyte, cardiomyocyte, fibroblast, and neural cells. Though a large number of studies have investigated MSCs capacities in regenerative medicine in varied animal models, the oncogenic capability of unregulated MSCs differentiation must be more assessed to enable their application in the clinic. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of MSCs sources, isolation, and expansion as well as immunomodulatory activities. More important, we try to collect and discuss recent preclinical and clinical research and evaluate current challenges in the context of the MSC-based cell therapy for regenerative medicine.
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Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Medicina Regenerativa , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Humanos , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/métodos , Medicina Regenerativa/métodosRESUMEN
Premature ejaculation is a common symptom that can provoke relapse in formerly opioid-dependent men after detoxification. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of clomipramine and fluoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation in formerly opioid-dependent men after detoxification. Sixty opium-detoxified men with A & B DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for premature ejaculation participated in a prospective two-week descriptive inferential clinical trial after a two-week washout period. The subjects did not consume any other medications but naltrexone for maintenance of an opium-free state. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of thirty subjects, one group received fluoxetine (10 mg/d for the first and 20 mg/d for the second week), and the other received clomipramine (25 mg/d for the first and 50 mg/d for the second week). Twenty five subjects did not continue the treatment and were lost to follow-up. The severity of the premature ejaculation was graded regarding the subjects' report in weeks 0, 1, and 2. Mann Whitney-U and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Fluoxetine (10 mg/d then 20 mg/d) and clomipramine (25 mg/d then 50 mg/d) were both effective in the treatment of premature ejaculation and did not show any difference in efficacy. The severity of premature ejaculation did not show any relation to the subjects' age, education level, opioid type, or route of abuse. Fluoxetine and clomipramine both can be equally used in the treatment of premature ejaculation following opioid detoxification, depending on their side effects and other symptoms in the subjects.