RESUMEN
Following the Dutroux affair which rocked Belgium in 1996, the Belgian minister for justice signed cooperation agreements with the country's three regions (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels-Capital), imposing on sex offenders therapy or treatment as an alternative to imprisonment. What legal programme is now in place for their management? Experience of the Brussels support centre.
Asunto(s)
Internamiento Obligatorio del Enfermo Mental/legislación & jurisprudencia , Conducta Peligrosa , Psicoterapia/legislación & jurisprudencia , Delitos Sexuales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Bélgica , Humanos , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Colaboración Intersectorial , Masculino , Menores/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cooperación del Paciente/psicología , Enfermería Psiquiátrica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Medición de Riesgo/legislación & jurisprudencia , Prevención Secundaria , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , SocializaciónRESUMEN
Three Gram-negative strains, NF 1078(T), NF 1598 and NF 1715, were isolated from clinical (two) and environmental (one) samples, respectively. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes revealed similarity of 100% among the three strains and next highest similarity to the type strain of Acidovorax avenae (98.16%). The three strains were able to acidify lactose and rhamnose on low peptone phenol red agar and to alkalinize citrate on Simmons' agar and were negative for nitrate reduction. The DNA G+C content of strain NF 1078(T) was 67.1 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between this strain and the type strains of A. avenae (ATCC 19860(T), LMG 2117(T)) was 29%. Based on these phylogenetic, phenotypic and genotypic analyses, the three strains could be distinguished clearly from all other recognized Acidovorax species and should be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Acidovorax, for which the name Acidovorax wautersii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NF 1078(T) (=LMG 26971(T)=CCUG 62584(T)).
Asunto(s)
Comamonadaceae/clasificación , Filogenia , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Comamonadaceae/genética , Comamonadaceae/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fenotipo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Two clinical strains, NF 296 and NF 931, present in our collection, were identified biochemically as members of CDC group II-i. Determination of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed highest similarity with strains of Sphingobacterium mizutaii. Because these strains produced indole, whereas S. mizutaii has been described as indole-negative, we also investigated the type strain and a reference strain of S. mizutaii, LMG 8340(T) (=CCUG 15907(T)) and LMG 8341 (=CCUG 15908), and found both strains also to be positive for indole production. These data warrant inclusion of some of the CDC group II-i strains into S. mizutaii and emended descriptions of Sphingobacterium mizutaii as indole-production-positive and of the genus Sphingobacterium as variable for indole production.
Asunto(s)
Indoles/metabolismo , Filogenia , Sphingobacterium/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sphingobacterium/genética , Sphingobacterium/metabolismoRESUMEN
Human Psychrobacter isolates, other than Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, are predominantly designated Psychrobacter immobilis. Phenotypic and genotypic testing of Psychrobacter isolates that have been deposited in different culture collections as P. immobilis indicates that most of these human isolates belong to the species Psychrobacter faecalis and Psychrobacter pulmonis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Moraxellaceae/microbiología , Psychrobacter/clasificación , Psychrobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Psychrobacter/genética , Psychrobacter/fisiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A collection of eight strains, NF 1366(T), NF 450, NF 1101, NF 1107, NF 1123, NF 1413, CCUG 15260 and CCUG 15624, from various clinical origins, were characterized biochemically as similar to Kaistella koreensis and Chryseobacterium haifense. They differed from K. koreensis, which is unable to alkalinize acetate, and from C. haifense, which is ONPG-positive (beta-galactosidase) and acidifies sucrose, fructose and lactose. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, this collection of strains was most closely related to the type strains of K. koreensis (97.3-97.5 %) and C. haifense (99.1 %). Representative strain NF 1366(T) showed only 41.8 % DNA-DNA relatedness with K. koreensis DSM 12107(T) and only 51.9 % with C. haifense DSM 19056(T). DNA-DNA hybridization of strains NF 450 and CCUG 15624 to strain NF 1366(T) was 41.7 and 74.6 %, respectively, and relatedness of these strains with C. haifense DSM 19056(T) was 72.6 and 70.2 %. With the present information, these two strains must be classified as intermediate between C. haifense and strain NF 1366(T). The fatty acid composition and polar lipid profile of strain NF 1366(T) were similar to those reported for other Chryseobacterium species. Like other chryseobacteria, strain NF 1366(T) exhibited a polyamine pattern with the predominant compound sym-homospermidine and a quinone system consisting of menaquinone MK-6 only. For this collection of clinical strains, the name Chryseobacterium anthropi sp. nov. is proposed, with NF 1366(T) (=CCUG 52764(T) =CIP 109762(T)) as the type strain. K. koreensis was shown to be very similar genotypically and phenotypically to Chryseobacterium. Its polar lipid profile exhibited the major characteristics shown for recently described Chryseobacterium species and the fatty acid profile of K. koreensis was also very similar to those of the Chryseobacterium species. Hence, no striking genotypic or phenotypic differences could be found that could justify the classification of this species into a separate genus, and we therefore propose to reclassify Kaistella koreensis in the genus Chryseobacterium as Chryseobacterium koreense comb. nov. (type strain Chj707(T) =IAM 15050(T) =JCM 21512(T) =KCTC 12107(T) =NBRC 103027(T)). An emended description of the genus Chryseobacterium is also proposed.
Asunto(s)
Chryseobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiología , Flavobacteriaceae/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Chryseobacterium/clasificación , Chryseobacterium/genética , Chryseobacterium/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Flavobacteriaceae/genética , Flavobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
A collection of eight clinical strains from Belgian hospitals and three clinical strains of the CCUG collection were characterized biochemically as being similar to CDC groups II-h and II-c; the latter differs from group II-h only by positivity for sucrose acidification. These 11 strains were found to cluster according to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity at a level of >or=99.5%, and on the basis of their tDNA-PCR profile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this collection of strains was related most closely to Chryseobacterium hispanicum (97.2%), but they differed from the type strain of this species by the following phenotypic characteristics: growth at 37 degrees C, negativity for xylose acidification, positivity for acetate assimilation-alkalinization on Simmons' agar base and absence of flexirubin pigments, and by their tDNA-PCR profile. Strain NF802T showed only 57.8% DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strain of C. hispanicum. Fatty acid composition did not enable differentiation from C. hispanicum. The DNA G+C content of strain NF802T is 36.5 mol%. The name Chryseobacterium hominis sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon, with type strain NF802T (=CCUG 52711T=CIP 109415T).
Asunto(s)
Chryseobacterium/clasificación , Chryseobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Chryseobacterium/genética , Chryseobacterium/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Genes de ARNr , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
A total of 26 isolates of non-fermenting, Gram-negative rods, obtained between 1980 and 2004 by various clinical laboratories in Belgium, with phenotypic characteristics resembling those of members of the genera Chryseobacterium and Empedobacter (indole-positive) and a biochemical profile resembling that of CDC group II-h, but urease-positive, were collected at the Université Catholique de Louvain Microbiology Laboratory, Belgium. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for most of the isolates and showed 94-95 % similarity with the type strain of Empedobacter brevis as the closest relative, indicating that these isolates might belong to a separate genus. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates were similar, but two clusters (genomovars) could be distinguished. The sequence similarities were 99.5-100 % for the 14 isolates of genomovar 1 and 99.4-100 % for the 12 isolates of genomovar 2. The similarity between the two clusters was 98.3-99.5 %. The presence of two clearly different groups was corroborated by using tRNA intergenic length polymorphism analysis, which also enabled differentiation of the novel species from all other species studied thus far using this technique. DNA-DNA hybridization results excluded a close relatedness to Empedobacter brevis. The DNA G+C contents of the reference strains of genomovars 1 and 2 were 33.8+/-0.4 and 34.4+/-0.2 mol%, respectively. The name Wautersiella falsenii gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for this group, comprising two closely related genomovars. The type strain of the species and reference strain for genomovar 1 is NF 993(T) (=CCUG 51536(T)=CIP 108861(T)), which was isolated from a surgical wound. The reference strain for genomovar 2 is NF 770 (=CCUG 51537=CIP 108860), which was isolated from blood.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiología , Flavobacteriaceae/clasificación , Flavobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Chryseobacterium/clasificación , Chryseobacterium/genética , Chryseobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Chryseobacterium/fisiología , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Flavobacteriaceae/genética , Flavobacteriaceae/fisiología , Genes de ARNr , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Eighty-six Nocardia strains isolated from clinical samples in Belgium were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eighty-three (96%) strains belonged to only six Nocardia species: N. farcinica (38 [44%]), N. nova (19 [22%]), N. cyriacigeorgica (13 [15%]), N. brasiliensis (6 [6.9%]), N. abscessus (5 [5.8%]), and N. paucivorans (2 [2.3%]). A gallery of nine conventional and enzymatic tests was developed for the rapid identification of the most common species isolated during this survey. Pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-glucosidase were found to be highly discriminating and could be used to develop an identification scheme.
Asunto(s)
Nocardiosis/epidemiología , Nocardia/clasificación , Nocardia/aislamiento & purificación , Algoritmos , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Bélgica/epidemiología , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Genes de ARNr , Humanos , Nocardia/enzimología , Nocardia/genética , Nocardiosis/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la Especie , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A routine protocol for diagnosing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) based on both faecal-cytotoxin detection and toxigenic culture was adopted by the microbiology laboratory of the St Luc-UCL University Hospital in Brussels in 1997. A toxigenic culture is a faecal culture followed, in the case of positivity, by a direct immunoassay on colonies to detect toxin A production. The results obtained over the past 7 years in the hospital are reviewed here. A total of 10,552 diarrhoeal stools from 7042 patients were analysed, of which 9494 were negative for all tests. A total of 1058 samples (10 %) from 794 patients were culture-positive, of which 460 (4.4 %) were positive for a faecal cytotoxin. The remaining 598 cultures were tested for toxin A on colonies; 355 of them were positive, which is 3.4 % of the total, and the remaining 243 (2.3 %) were negative. The positivity of the faecal-cytotoxin assay was statistically linked to the number of colonies observed on the culture plate. In conclusion, over a 7 year period, toxigenic culture allowed the diagnosis of 355 cases of CDAD that would have been missed by a protocol using a faecal-cytotoxin assay alone. In terms of both patient care, prevention of environmental contamination and prevention of risk of a hospital outbreak, it is proposed that these results justify the recommendation to perform both faecal-toxin assay and culture in routine medical practice.
Asunto(s)
Clostridioides difficile/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Clostridium/diagnóstico , Diarrea/microbiología , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa/diagnóstico , Enterotoxinas/análisis , Heces/microbiología , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Diarrea/diagnóstico , Diarrea/epidemiología , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa/inmunología , Enterotoxinas/inmunología , HumanosRESUMEN
With a modification of Taylor's decarboxylation broth, histidine decarboxylase was detected in Enterobacter aerogenes, Morganella morganii, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and some strains of Citrobacter youngae and Raoultella planticola. This method provides a useful confirmatory test for identification of E. aerogenes strains.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Histidina Descarboxilasa/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo , Enterobacter aerogenes/clasificación , Enterobacter aerogenes/enzimología , Enterobacteriaceae/clasificación , Histamina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Six coryneforms isolated from blood and dialysate fluid were phenotypically similar to Brevibacterium casei, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization indicate that they belong to a new species for which the name Brevibacterium sanguinis is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Brevibacterium/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Brevibacterium/genética , Brevibacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
Three strains of coryneform rods isolated from clinical samples and one of environmental origin exhibited phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties characteristic of the genus Brevibacterium and their 16S rRNA gene sequences were closely related (98.5-99.0 %) to that of Brevibacterium otitidis. However, DNA-DNA hybridization of one strain (CF87(T)) showed only 59.6 % relatedness to the type strain of B. otitidis, DSM 10718(T), and 75-82 % relatedness to the three other strains. The four strains could be differentiated from B. otitidis by cellular fatty acid composition and some phenotypic characteristics. These findings suggest that the four strains belong to a novel species, for which the name Brevibacterium lutescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of B. lutescens is CF87(T) (=DSM 15022(T)=CCUG 46604(T)).
Asunto(s)
Brevibacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Brevibacterium/clasificación , Brevibacterium/genética , Brevibacterium/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Microbiología Ambiental , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Filogenia , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A yellow-pigmented coryneform rod was isolated from the blood of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was perfused with a central venous catheter. The culture bottles were positive twice, at a 2-month interval. The isolate was identified as a Microbacterium sp. and studied along with five other similar strains. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genetic characteristics indicated that they are closely related to Microbacterium oxydans but that they belong to a distinct species, for which the name Microbacterium paraoxydans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. paraoxydans is CF36(T) = DSM 15019(T). The G+C content of its DNA is 69.9 mol%.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Actinomycetales/complicaciones , Infecciones por Actinomycetales/microbiología , Actinomycetales/patogenicidad , Bacteriemia/complicaciones , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Actinomycetales/clasificación , Actinomycetales/genética , Actinomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Composición de Base , Preescolar , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Filogenia , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Six hundred nineteen strains of nonfermenting gram-negative rods were tested for alkaline phosphatase, benzyl-arginine arylamidase, pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, ethylene glycol acidification, and susceptibility to desferrioxamine and colistin. The results were highly discriminant. Therefore, the proposed tests may be helpful for the identification of this group of organisms.