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BACKGROUND Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is used to treat retinal conditions, including retinal detachment, and involves removal of the vitreous gel from the eye. Complications following PPV include raised intraocular pressure (IOP). This retrospective study aimed to compare methods of endotamponade used during 23-gauge PPV and the risk of raised IOP during 24-month follow-up at a single center. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 196 patients (age, 15-86 years; mean, 63.5 years) (196 eyeballs). There were 93 patients (47.45%) with a preoperative history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 14 patients (7.14%) with a history of myopia. IOP was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry at one-, three-, six-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. The outcome was compared following endotamponade with silicone oil, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and balanced salt solution (BSS). RESULTS Mean IOP at one-month follow-up was 17.2 mmHg (±3.61 mmHg; range, 9-45 mmHg), and at 24-month follow-up was 17.3 mmHg (±3.23 mmHg; range, 7-30 mmHg). IOP following PPV was significantly associated with the indication for PPV (P=0.023), and the type of endotamponade used (P=0.049). In patients with silicone oil endotamponade, the risk of IOP at 24 months was increased by 2.3 times compared with SF6 or BSS endotamponade. Patients with SF6 endotamponade had a risk of IOP that was 3.3 times lower than for silicone oil tamponade or BSS tamponade. CONCLUSIONS Silicone oil endotamponade in PPV was associated with an increased risk of IOP at 24-month follow-up.

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Purpose: We combined a clinical grading scale and swept source anterior segment OCT to describe the successful and failed CLASS. Material and Methods: 23 patients in the successful group and 17 patients in the failed group were compared in terms of the IBAGS grades and AS-OCT findings at one, three, and twelve months postoperatively. Results: The majority in the successful group presented shallow blebs (91%, 57%, and 52% at 1M, 3M, and 12M, resp.). 59% of the failed group presented no bleb (H0 E0) from the early postoperative period with the rate increasing to 88% at 3M and 100% at 12M. The scleral lake was detected in all the successful patients. The successful group showed significantly higher rates of TDM integrity (P < 0.001), IF (P < 0.001), and SCF (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the rates of microcysts between the groups (P > 0.05). We found a significant decrease in the SL anteroposterior extent (P=0.003) and SL height (P < 0.001) over time, with no significant correlation between the above parameters and IOP. Conclusions: The subconjunctival bleb may be a sign of the successful CLASS when it matches the AS-OCT findings of TDM integrity, maintained scleral lake, and intrascleral fluid. A validated OCT pixel intensity measurement is required to evaluate the bleb reflectivity.

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PURPOSE: To report on the efficacy and safety of CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) compared with trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one patients underwent CLASS (66 patients) or trabeculectomy (65 patients) and were followed up for 12 months. 'Complete success' was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 10 and 18 mmHg and reduced by at least 30% from the baseline without medications, while 'qualified success' was compliant with the above criteria with or without the medications. RESULTS: Comparing CLASS with trabeculectomy at 1 year, the mean IOP reduction rate was 32.6 ± 10.8% versus 40.6 ± 15.9% (p < 0.001) and the average use of medications was 1.4 ± 1.4 versus 0.7 ± 1.1 (p < 0.05). At 12 months, the complete success rate was 35% for CLASS versus 60% for trabeculectomy (p < 0.01), while the qualified success rate was 74% versus 75%, respectively, with no significant difference in qualified success rate between the groups at any time-point (p > 0.05). Compared with CLASS, patients after trabeculectomy developed a higher rate of early complications (9.1% versus 29.2%, p = 0.004), higher endothelial cell density (ECD) loss (1.4 ± 1.4% versus 6.5 ± 4.8%, p < 0.001), higher astigmatism (0.0 ± 0.1 versus 0.1 ± 0.2, p < 0.001) and significant visual acuity deterioration (0.1 ± 0.1; range 0-2 lines versus 0.4 ± 0.6; range 0-3 lines, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Although CLASS shows a less potent hypotensive effect, it is similar to trabeculectomy in the qualified success rate and offers the reduction in medications up to 12 months. With a more attractive complications profile, CLASS may be an alternative to trabeculectomy, especially at the earlier glaucoma stage and in patients with a low ECD.

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Purpose. To report the surgical approach, anatomical and functional results, and complications in the group of patients with corneal perforation. Materials and Methods. 247 eyes with corneal perforation were operated on between January 2010 and July 2016. The three surgical procedures, dependent on size and location of perforation, were performed: full-sized penetrating keratoplasty, corneoscleral patch graft, and anterior lamellar keratoplasty. The eyes underwent the minimum 6-month follow-up visit. Results. Between January 2010 and July 2016, 247 surgeries were performed: 116 penetrating keratoplasties, 117 corneoscleral patch grafts, and 14 anterior lamellar keratoplasties. More than one procedure was necessary in 32 eyes. Final improvement of the visual acuity, within a gain of 2 or more lines with the Snellen test, was achieved in 56 operated eyes. To achieve better final visual acuity, 75 eyes required successive surgical treatment. Complications of the surgery comprised persistent epithelial defect, glaucoma or ocular hypertension, corneal oedema, graft melting, loose corneal sutures, reinfection, anterior synechiae and fibrinoid membranes, and endophthalmitis. In 26 eyes, the treatment failure was reported. Conclusions. There is no one general-purpose surgical technique to treat corneal perforations. The complex nature of this pathology remains the individual, careful but also very distinct and multifactorial approach.