RESUMEN
Malignancies seldom lead to hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis. The elimination of the primary tumor is anticipated to result in the amelioration of lactate levels in such situations. A patient with obstructing descending colon cancer was subjected to surgical intervention as their serum lactate levels reached 3.6 mmol/L. The tumor was removed, and the ischemic bowel proximal to it was excised as well. The patient demonstrated signs of recuperation; however, their serum lactate levels persisted at levels exceeding 6.5 mmol/L. Consequently, the patient was subjected to further investigation and surgical intervention. A CT scan of the brain and abdomen indicated metastases to the liver and brain, respectively. The presence of metastases in colonic malignancies may impede the normalization of hyperlactatemia even after excising the primary tumor. The interpretation of lactate levels can be challenging and radiological assessments, including abdominal reexploration, may be required to ascertain the diagnosis.
RESUMEN
Monitoring agricultural toxins such as mycotoxins is crucial for a healthy society. High concentrations of these toxins lead to the cause of several chronic diseases; therefore, developing analytical systems for detecting/monitoring agricultural toxins is essential. These toxins are found in crops such as vegetables, fruits, food, and beverage products. Currently, screening of these toxins is mostly performed with sophisticated instrumentation such as chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. However, these techniques are very expensive and require extensive maintenance, and their availability is limited to metro cities only. Alternatively, electrochemical biomimetic sensing methodologies have progressed hugely during the last decade due to their unique advantages like point-of-care sensing, miniaturized instrumentations, and mobile/personalized monitoring systems. Specifically, affinity-based sensing strategies including immunosensors, aptasensors, and molecular imprinted polymers offer tremendous sensitivity, selectivity, and stability to the sensing system. The current review discusses the principal mechanisms and the recent developments in affinity-based sensing methodologies for the detection and continuous monitoring of mycotoxins and pesticides. The core discussion has mainly focused on the fabrication protocols, advantages, and disadvantages of affinity-based sensing systems and different exploited electrochemical transduction techniques.