Asunto(s)
Personajes , Liderazgo , Personal Militar/historia , Guerra , Austria , Francia , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Humanos , Hungría , Masculino , Imperio Otomano , Pinturas/historia , Escultura/historiaAsunto(s)
Sueños , Sueño , Bostezo , Animales , Sueños/fisiología , Sueños/psicología , Humanos , Sueño/fisiología , Bostezo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This article discusses the role of the central nervous system and testosterone hormone and its derivatives in the intrauterine development of male reproductive organs. The characteristics that define male personality first emerge in fetal stage of human development. Thereafter they continue to evolve during childhood. They become increasingly apparent after puberty and then remain prevalent throughout the individual's life time. The cited process affects both male phenotype and masculine behavior. Testosterone and its derivatives control the development of male reproductive organs. Their absence leads to predominance of female sexual characteristics even in the presence of a male chromosome pattern. The clinical entity of testicular feminization is a typical example for this phenomenon. The presented study pays special attention to those abnormalities of male reproductive organs that are identifiable by ultrasound during the fetal period. Most of these anomalies cannot be treated effectively before birth. Those conditions that are also incurable in extra uterine life, may serve as indication for pregnancy termination if they can be detected by ultrasound examination in early gestation.
Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Fetal , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/fisiopatología , Genitales Masculinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Genitales Masculinos/fisiología , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/fisiopatología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Genitales Masculinos/irrigación sanguínea , Edad Gestacional , Hernia Inguinal/diagnóstico , Hernia Inguinal/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipospadias/diagnóstico , Hipospadias/fisiopatología , Masculino , Trastornos Ovotesticulares del Desarrollo Sexual/fisiopatología , Erección Peniana , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Conducta Sexual , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/diagnóstico , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/fisiopatología , Ultrasonografía PrenatalAsunto(s)
Biblia , Medicina en las Artes , Pinturas/historia , Religión y Medicina , Lactancia Materna , Circuncisión Masculina/historia , Curación por la Fe/historia , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XV , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Masculino , Parto , Sexualidad/historia , Heridas Penetrantes/historiaAsunto(s)
Estética/historia , Cuerpo Humano , Obesidad/historia , Escultura/historia , Femenino , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanos , Paleopatología/historiaRESUMEN
Although it becomes vitally important only after birth, renal function already plays significant role in maintaining fetal metabolic equilibrium. The kidneys significantly contribute to production of amniotic fluid. Adequate amount of amniotic fluid is needed to stimulate the intrauterine fetal respiratory activity. Intrauterine breathing is essential for lung development. As a result, oligohydramnion is conducive to pulmonary hypoplasia. The latter may lead to neonatal demise soon after birth. In extrauterine life kidneys eliminate nitrogen containing metabolic byproducts. Inadequate renal function results therefore lethal uremia. Integrity of ureters and the urethra is essential for the maintenance of renal function. Retention of urine causes degeneration of the functional units of the kidneys and ensuing deterioration of renal function. Intrauterine kidney puncture or shunt procedure may delay this process in some cases. On the other hand, once renal function has been damaged, no therapy can restart it. Certain anomalies of renal excretory pathways may also be associated with other congenital abnormalities, making the therapeutic efforts pointless. Presence of these associated intrauterine defects makes early pregnancy termination a management alternative, as well as it affects favorably perinatal mortality rates.