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1.
Public Health ; 229: 176-184, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38452562

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyse the global burden of disease attributable to undernutrition and high body mass index (BMI) in Brazil and its 27 states, as well as its association with the socio-demographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN: This is an epidemiological time-series study. METHODS: This study analysed the undernutrition and high BMI estimated by the Global Burden of Disease study conducted from 1990 to 2019 for Brazil and its states, using the following metrics: absolute number of deaths, standardised mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). This study also analysed the correlation between the percentage variation of mortality rates and SDI. RESULTS: A decrease in the number of deaths (-75 %), mortality rate (-75.1 %), and DALYS (-72 %) attributable to undernutrition was found in Brazil and in all regions. As regarding the high BMI, an increase in the number of deaths was found (139.6 %); however, the mortality rate (-9.7) and DALYs (-6.4 %) declined in all regions, except in the North and Northeast regions, which showed an increase. A strong correlation was identified between undernutrition and high BMI with SDI. CONCLUSION: Our study observed a double burden of malnutrition in Brazil, with a reduction in the burden of diseases due to malnutrition in Brazil and variation in the burden due to high BMI according to the socioeconomic status of the region. Public policies are necessary in order to guarantee the human right to a healthy and sustainable diet, together with food and nutrition security and a diminishing of social inequality.


Asunto(s)
Desnutrición , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Brasil/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Salud Global , Factores de Riesgo
2.
Food Res Int ; 173(Pt 2): 113417, 2023 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37803755

RESUMEN

Alpinia zerumbet, a species of the Zingiberaceae family, is a common plant in tropical and subtropical areas used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases and also included as food in the traditional Okinawan diet (Japan). The leaves and rhizomes of this plant are used as spice and flavoring in foods such as rice, meats, and pasta. Studies of the chemical and nutritional characteristics of fresh leaves and of leaves submitted to thermal treatments such as boiling and steaming are lacking. In the current study, the leaves of A. zerumbet were subjected to boiling or steaming for 10, 20, and 30 min as part of the thermal treatments. The study also provides noteworthy results regarding the proximate composition, physical-chemical data, minerals, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, volatile compounds, and LC-MS chromatographic profiles of the extracts produced with fresh leaves and with thermal treatments. The carbohydrate content of A. zerumbet leaves improved during the thermal treatments, showing an increase after steaming (18.86 to 19.79%) and boiling for 30 min (25.85%). After boiling treatment for 20 min, a significant amount of protein was found (6.79%) and all heat treatments resulted in low content of lipid (<1.0%). The boiling treatment for 10 min (BT10) resulted in the highest concentrations of total phenolic components (TPC), 339.5 mg/g, and flavonoids (TF), 54.6 mg/g, among the three thermal treatments (BT10, BT20 and BT30). The results of the steaming treatments (ST 10, 20, and 30 min) differed, with ST20 leading to higher TPC (150.4 mg/g) and TF (65.0 mg/g). The quantity of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity, were significantly affected by the cooking method and the length of time of sample exposure to heat. The samples boiled for 30 and 10 min had higher concentrations of antioxidant activity as measured by the phosphomolybdenum and DPPH methods (151.5 mg/g of extract and 101.5 µg/mL, respectively). Thirty-eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by chromatographic analysis of fresh and thermally treated leaves of A. zerumbet. Terpenoids were the predominant class of volatile compounds in the fresh leaves and in all thermal treatments. p-Cymene, 1,8-cineole, 4-terpineol, linalool, α-copaene and ß-bisabolene have the greatest impact on overall aroma perception, with odor activity values (OAV) greater than five. Among the phenolic compounds identified by LC-HRMS in the extracts of fresh and thermally treated leaves were proanthocyanidins, (+) catechin, (-) epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-glucoronide, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoronide, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, pinocembrin, alpinetin, pinostrobin, and other compounds. The present results support the traditional use of this plant as a potential food with properties that certainly contribute to health improvement.


Asunto(s)
Alpinia , Antioxidantes , Antioxidantes/análisis , Alpinia/química , Alimentos Funcionales/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis
3.
BMC Fam Pract ; 21(1): 214, 2020 10 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33087054

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Capacity-building of health professionals regarding to nutrition is a strategy for qualifying public health work to promote healthy diets in primary health care (PHC) services. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an intervention based on Brazilian Dietary Guidelines (BDG) on the knowledge, self-efficacy (SE) and collective efficacy (CE) of interprofessional teams working in PHC. METHODS: It refers to a pre-post intervention study involving 24 health professionals divided into a control group (CG) and intervention (IG). The IG received a 16-h educational workshop on the BDG, guided by a validated protocol. Knowledge, SE and CE for using the BDG were assessed via a self-administered scale, ranging from 0 to 16 and 0 to 36 points, respectively; the scale was previously validated, completed before and after 2 months of the intervention. The effects of the intervention were estimated by paired t-test for intragroup comparisons over time. RESULTS: The mean difference in the knowledge and SE scores of the IG pre- and post-intervention was 2.0 (CI 0.49-3.51) and 6.75 (CI 4.05-9.45) points, respectively. These results means the IG participants obtained 59 and 52.8% more points in knowledge and in SE in relation to CG, with significative difference (p = 0.007 and p <  0.00, respectively). There was no significant variation in the CE scores in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results presented and due to the originality of the study in question, the educational workshop was effective in increasing the knowledge and SE of professionals working in PHC in using the Dietary Guidelines in their work routines. These findings can assist other research in developing nutrition interventions with interprofessional teams.


Asunto(s)
Personal de Salud , Autoeficacia , Brasil , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Atención Primaria de Salud
4.
BMC Public Health ; 19(1): 775, 2019 Jun 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31215435

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The food environment can influence opportunities and barriers to food access. This study aimed to investigate whether access to healthy foods varies according to store types and the socioeconomic status of the users of the public health promotion program in Brazil, known as the Health Academy Program. METHODS: A total of 18 Health Academy Program centers were selected via simple conglomerate sampling. Health Academy Program users living up to 1 km from the food stores were evaluated (n = 2831). Their socioeconomic status was investigated via face-to-face interviews. The food stores were audited through direct observation. Variables included the community nutrition environment (type and location) and consumer nutrition environment (healthy food store index, involving variables such as availability, variety, and advertising of healthy and unhealthy products). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the association between access to healthy foods, socioeconomic status, and food store type. RESULTS: A total of 336 stores were investigated. The majority were specialty fruit and vegetable markets/stores or open-air food markets. Access to healthy food was only associated with the food store type. An increase of 1% in the availability of specialized fruits and vegetable markets or open-air food markets and supermarket raised healthy food store index values by 0.12 and 0.07, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Public food supply policies aimed at improving the diet quality of the population and reducing inequality in access should prioritize the implementation of stores of better quality, such as specialty fruit and vegetable markets and open-air food markets.


Asunto(s)
Comercio/estadística & datos numéricos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Frutas , Clase Social , Verduras , Anciano , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad
5.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 27(1): 12-20, 2016. tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-908176

RESUMEN

Introduction: eating disorders(ED)are chronic mental illnesses, highly prevalent within adolescent population, affecting women more than men. Generally, ED are triggered by an unsatisfactory self body-image, which relates to several socio-cultural factors. Objective: To study the prevalence of the risk of developing ED within Chilean high school students, and to evaluate its relation with sex and the school gender composition (SGC): single-sex or coeducational. Method: A transversal-analytic study was performed using three Santiago public high schools: female-exclusive, male-exclusive and coeducational. The Eating Attitudes Test-40 was applied, considering a 30-point score to define qualitatively the risk condition. Results: The sample included 415 students, 52 percent women, with a mean age of 15,9 years (range 14 to 18). The global prevalence of risk for ED was 14,9 percent. The risk condition was significantly higher in women (25,2 percent) than men (4 percent). No differences were found when comparing the prevalence of risk according to the type of school. Discussion: The higher risk for ED among women respect to men was confirmed, and the SGC has no influence on this risk.


Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Factores Sexuales , Estudiantes , Chile , Estudios Transversales , Conducta Alimentaria , Medición de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo
6.
Obes Rev ; 14 Suppl 2: 88-95, 2013 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24102701

RESUMEN

Obesity prevalence in the Brazilian adult population is 12.5% among men and 16.9% among women. Obesity control has been a subject of concern in Brazilian health policies since the publication of the National Food and Nutrition Policy in 1999. The initiatives include a comprehensive national intersectorial plan for obesity prevention and control focused on confronting its social and environmental causes, development of a food and nutrition education framework aimed at intersectorial public policies in the food and nutritional security field, promotion and provision of healthy food in school environments (linked to family farming), structuring nutrition actions in primary healthcare in the national healthcare system, promoting community physical activity, food regulation and control, and encouragement of public participation and food control. We conclude that several initiatives have been developed in Brazil to deal with the challenge of implementing an intergovernmental, intersectorial response to reverse the rising overweight and obesity rates. The success of this response will depend on a governance model that promotes joint and integrated action by different sectors and active participation of society to consolidate the actions, places and laws that protect health and promote healthy lifestyles.


Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Brasil/epidemiología , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Guías como Asunto , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Actividad Motora , Política Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Instituciones Académicas
7.
Int J Obes Suppl ; 3(Suppl 1): S9-S11, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27152158

RESUMEN

In Brazil, overweight and obesity are increasing in all age and income groups. Currently, 7.3% of children under 5 years of age, 30% of children aged 5-9 and 20% of preadolescents aged 10-19 are overweight. In the primary health-care (PHC) environment, activities are carried out to monitor eating habits and nutrition, as well as to prevent unhealthy habits and promote healthy eating behaviors consistent with the dietary guidelines for Brazilian children. Comprehensive care is being provided to overweight individuals. The Brazilian Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Strategy was launched in 2009 to support health teams to counsel families about healthy feeding, focused on child health and obesity prevention. Within the school environment, the School Health Program offers activities that are developed by PHC teams together with education professionals to focus on assessing health conditions, prevention and health promotion. To improve the nutritional profile of processed foods, terms of cooperation have been signed with the food industry to reduce fat and sodium content. Food industry advertising and marketing to infants and young children are now regulated by the Brazilian Regulation for the Marketing of Foods to Infants and Young Children.

8.
Acta amaz. ; 42(2): 279-286, 2012. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | VETINDEX | ID: vti-1974

RESUMEN

The present study evaluated Hg and MeHg content in hair samples of 201 children 2 to 7 years old, living in six neighborhoods of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. In general, the total Hg and MeHg median ranges in hair were similar (0.91 to 1.71 mg kg-1) except for the São Jose neighborhood, which was lower (0.16 mg kg-1). De spite the fact that the Manaus population consumes fish as part of the normal dietary intake, the Hg hair levels were below the level for an adult population not exposed to mercury (2.0 mg kg-1). These data were compared to demographic, socioeconomic information and eating habits of the families that took part in the study. The results were also compared to other published data from the Amazon region, other regions of Brazil and other countries. Future studies to set Hg and MeHg levels in hair of children in Brazil should take into account and assess the diversity of the country, mainly in terms of eating habits, socio-economic and cultural aspects.(AU)


O presente estudo avaliou o teor de Hg e MeHg em amostras de cabelo de 201 crianças de 2 aos 7 anos de idade, residentes em seis bairros da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Em geral, o teor de Hg total e MeHg em cabelo foram semelhantes (medianas de 0,91 a 1,71 mg kg-1), exceto para o bairro São José, que foi menor (0,16 mg kg-1). Apesar da população de Manaus consumir peixe como parte da dieta normal, os níveis de Hg nos cabelos ficaram abaixo do nível para uma população adulta não exposta ao mercúrio (2,0 mg kg-1). Esses dados foram comparados com informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e hábitos alimentares das famílias que participaram do estudo. Os resultados também foram comparados com outros dados publicados da Amazônia, outras regiões do Brasil e outros países. Futuros estudos para definir os níveis de Hg total e MeHg no cabelo das crianças brasileiras deverão considerar e avaliar a diversidade do país, principalmente em termos de hábitos alimentares, nível sócio-econômico e os aspectos culturais.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Mercurio/análisis , Compuestos de Metilmercurio/análisis , Cabello/química , Niño , Dieta
9.
Acta amaz ; Acta amaz;42(2): 279-286, June 2012. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-616892

RESUMEN

The present study evaluated Hg and MeHg content in hair samples of 201 children 2 to 7 years old, living in six neighborhoods of the city of Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. In general, the total Hg and MeHg median ranges in hair were similar (0.91 to 1.71 mg kg-1) except for the São Jose neighborhood, which was lower (0.16 mg kg-1). De spite the fact that the Manaus population consumes fish as part of the normal dietary intake, the Hg hair levels were below the level for an adult population not exposed to mercury (2.0 mg kg-1). These data were compared to demographic, socioeconomic information and eating habits of the families that took part in the study. The results were also compared to other published data from the Amazon region, other regions of Brazil and other countries. Future studies to set Hg and MeHg levels in hair of children in Brazil should take into account and assess the diversity of the country, mainly in terms of eating habits, socio-economic and cultural aspects.


O presente estudo avaliou o teor de Hg e MeHg em amostras de cabelo de 201 crianças de 2 aos 7 anos de idade, residentes em seis bairros da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Em geral, o teor de Hg total e MeHg em cabelo foram semelhantes (medianas de 0,91 a 1,71 mg kg-1), exceto para o bairro São José, que foi menor (0,16 mg kg-1). Apesar da população de Manaus consumir peixe como parte da dieta normal, os níveis de Hg nos cabelos ficaram abaixo do nível para uma população adulta não exposta ao mercúrio (2,0 mg kg-1). Esses dados foram comparados com informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e hábitos alimentares das famílias que participaram do estudo. Os resultados também foram comparados com outros dados publicados da Amazônia, outras regiões do Brasil e outros países. Futuros estudos para definir os níveis de Hg total e MeHg no cabelo das crianças brasileiras deverão considerar e avaliar a diversidade do país, principalmente em termos de hábitos alimentares, nível sócio-econômico e os aspectos culturais.


Asunto(s)
Mercurio
10.
Int J STD AIDS ; 23(4): e1-6, 2012 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22581963

RESUMEN

To assess the reliability and validity of self-reported height and weight in adults living with HIV/AIDS (ALWHA) we assessed 508 ALWHA of both genders on antiretroviral therapy. Height and weight were directly measured in a subsample. Sensitivity and specificity analysis were performed to determine the validity of self-reported measures. Bland-Altman's method was used to calculate the limits of agreement between values while reliability was assessed using intraclass coefficients. Regression equations were devised to determine actual measures from self-reported values. Mean differences among measured and self-reported weight were -0.96 kg for men and -0.54 kg for women. Mean height differences were less than 2 cm, yielding good reliability for body mass index (BMI). Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) diagnosis sensitivity was 90.6% and specificity was 81.2%. Corrected measures determined by regression equations had stronger correlation with self-reported values (r > 0.980). Self-reported height and weight showed good reliability and validity compared with directly measured height and weight. However, measures should be corrected whenever possible to achieve higher accuracy.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/patología , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , VIH , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
11.
J Hum Nutr Diet ; 21(4): 346-50, 2008 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18721401

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study sought to assess the diet quality of individuals living with HIV/AIDS who were receiving antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 56 HIV-infected adults. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected, and diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), modified for Brazilians, which included ten components: adequacy of intake of six different food groups, total fat, cholesterol, dietary fibre and dietary variety. RESULTS: Among the individuals assessed, 64.3% of the participants had a diet needing improvement, while 8.7% had a poor diet. The overall HEI score was 68.3 points (SD = 14.9). Mean scores were low for fruits, vegetables, dairy products and dietary fibre; and high for meats and eggs, total fat and cholesterol. The overall HEI score was higher among individuals who were not overweight (P = 0.003), who were also more likely to achieve dietary goals for dairy products (P = 0.039) and grains (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Most of these adults living with HIV/AIDS had diets that required improvement, and being overweight was associated with poorer diet quality. Nutritional interventions aimed at maintaining healthy body weight and diet should be taken into account in caring for HIV-infected people.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Dieta/normas , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/metabolismo , Adulto , Antropometría , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Productos Lácteos , Demografía , Femenino , Frutas , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necesidades Nutricionales , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Verduras
12.
Acta amaz ; Acta amaz;37(2): 247-252, jun. 2007. graf, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-462054

RESUMEN

O presente estudo validou a metodologia e o instrumento de coleta de informação para análise da segurança/insegurança alimentar, em famílias urbanas e rurais no estado do Amazonas conforme o proposto pelo USDA (Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos). Valendo-se de amostra intencional de domicílios, selecionadas para representar estratos sociais diferentes foram computadas 194 famílias sendo 174 com crianças na área urbana de Manaus, envolvendo os seguintes bairros: Jesus me Deu, Novo Israel, Cidade Nova, Coroado e Conjunto Petro. Na área rural foram entrevistadas 209 famílias ribeirinhas e destas 131 com crianças, distribuídas entre os Municípios de Iranduba e Manacapuru. A validação final do questionário (Consistência interna global) deu-se por meio da comparação dos níveis de segurança e insegurança alimentar, com os estratos definidos dos indicadores sociais e de consumo. Pode-se concluir que os grupos com maior insegurança alimentar foram os situados em estratos sociais mais baixos e de baixo consumo de alimentos sensíveis a estas condições. O instrumento de coleta apresentou alta validade e consistência interna.


The present study validates the methodology and the information collecting instrument for analysis of nutritional security/insecurity on the urban and rural family level, proposed by the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). An intentional sample of domiciles was selected to represent different social strata, 194 families were enrolled in urban Manaus, of which 174 had children, in the following neighborhoods: Jesus me Deu, Nova Israel, Cidade Nova, Coroado and Conj. Petro. In the rural area between the municipalities of Iranduba and Manacapuru, 209 riparian families were interviewed, and of these 131 had children. The final validation of the questionnaire (global internal consistency) was made by comparing, the levels of nutritional security/insecurity, with the defined social strata and food consumption indicators. The results demonstrated that the groups of highest nutritional insecurity were the very poor. The instrument presented high validation and internal consistency.


Asunto(s)
Estudio de Validación , Seguridad Alimentaria
13.
Acta amaz ; Acta amaz;37(3): 425-430, 2007. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-474442

RESUMEN

Considerando a ampla variabilidade genética de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), quantificaram-se os macro e micro-nutrientes, objetivando a ampliação da tabela de composição química de alimentos típicos da região amazônica. Os frutos provenientes da Estação Experimental de Hortaliças Alejo von der Pahlen (EEH) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), localizados no km 14 da Rodovia AM 010 em Manaus, AM, foram processados no Laboratório de Alimentos e Nutrição do INPA. Avaliaram-se oito etnovariedades de cubiu identificados como: 2 I, 3 I, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 29 I e III em estádio de maturação comercial. Os teores de elementos minerais foram quantificados pela técnica de Ativação por Nêutrons Instrumental e a fibra alimentar pelo método enzímico-gravimétrico. Os resultados demonstram ser o cubiu um fruto com baixo conteúdo energético (média de 33 kcal), com conteúdo de fibra alimentar total na ordem de 1,6 por cento. Em relação aos macros elementos minerais, a etnovariedade 6, apresentou a maior concentração em potássio (513,5±3,1mg), cálcio (18,9±0,6mg) e a etnovariedade 2 I em Fe (564,4±58,1µg) e Cr (99,3±8,3µg). A menor concentração foi constatada na etnovariedade 12 para os elementos K (229,0±4,5mg), Na (53,7±5,5µg) e Zn (89,3±4,7µg). Apesar das variações em relação as diferentes etno variedades e conseqüentemente concentrações em elementos minerais, o cubiu, pode estar contribuindo para atingir as recomendações desses nutrientes.


Considering the wide genetic variability of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), its chemical composition was quantified in order to contribute to the chemical composition table of typical Amazonian foods. The cubiu fruit was collected at Alejo von der Pahlen (EEH) experimental station from National Research Institute of Amazonia (INPA). Eight ethno varieties of cubiu identified as 2 I, 3 I, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 29 I and III were analyzed. All samples used were ripe. The mineral content was determined by Neutron Activation Analysis technique and alimentary fiber by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. The results showed that cubiu is a hypo caloric food source (mean of 33 kcal and total fiber of about 1.6 percent). Regarding macronutrients, ethnovariety 6 showed high potassium (513.5 ± 3.1 mg) and calcium (18.8 ± 0.6 mg) concentration. Ethnovariety 21, had high Fe (564 ± 58 µg) and Cr (99 ± 8 µg) concentrations. Low concentrations of K (229.0 ± 4.5 mg), Na (53.7 ± 5.5 µg) and Zn (89.3 ± 4.7 µg) were found for ethnovariety 12. Although the cubiu fruit presents great variation of its mineral contents due to different ethnovarieties, it could still contribute as a diet supplement to reach the minimum nutrient requirements for the Amazonian population.


Asunto(s)
Análisis por Activación , Solanum , Minerales , Análisis de Activación de Neutrones
14.
Tex Med ; 102(2): 46-56, 2006 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17128764

RESUMEN

Use of herbal products is a very common practice among Mexican Americans living in the El Paso, Texas, region. Although medicinal plants are generally assumed to be a safe and natural alternative to conventional medications, some herbal products could pose a potential health risk to the consumer. Currently, only a few studies focus on herbal product use by Mexican Americans, and no studies have focused on its use by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HN) living on the US-Mexico border. A prospective observational study was conducted in 439 non-HIV patients, as well as in 35 patients suffering from HIV Findings showed that 347 out of 439 (79%) of non-HIV patients and 25 out of 35 (71%) of HIV patients reported using herbal products.


Asunto(s)
Medicina Tradicional , Americanos Mexicanos , Fitoterapia/métodos , Fitoterapia/estadística & datos numéricos , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , México/etnología , Fitoterapia/efectos adversos , Preparaciones de Plantas/efectos adversos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estudios Prospectivos , Texas
15.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 64(2): 232-236, jul.-dez. 2005. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IALPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: lil-435797

RESUMEN

Foi avaliada a influência do cubiu sobre a concentração sérica de glicose em ratos diabéticos. Os frutos procedentes da Estação experimental do Ariaú do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia foram despolpados, secos e analisados quanto à composição centesimal, fibra alimentar, elementos minerais e utilizados em ratos diabéticos induzidos artificialmente com estreptozotocina na dose de 40 mg/kg. Após o período de 15 dias, os animais foram selecionados de acordo com a concentração de glicose (valores superiores a 300 mg/dL) e distribuídos em blocos inteiramente casuais de dois grupos com dez ratos cada, tendo como base a ração de caseína - AIN, 93M, variando apenas a fonte de fibra alimentar. Os resultados demonstraram que o cubiu apresentou baixo teor energético (24 kcal/100g) e presença de fibra alimentar (3,6%). Os ratos que receberam a fibra oriunda do cubiu apresentaram uma redução de glicose no sangue ao final da 4ª semana (224,4±85,5 mg/dL) quando comparado com o grupo controle (351,4 ± 139,0 mg/dL). Tais constatações são sugestivas da influência do fruto de cubiu na redução da concentração de glicose em ratos


Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Diabetes Mellitus , Frutas , Glucosa , Modalidades Alimentarias , Solanum , Ratas
16.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 73(3): 114-121, jul.-sep. 2005. mapas, tab, graf
Artículo en Español | BIMENA | ID: bim-4826

RESUMEN

Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital General San Felipe durante los meses de Mayo y Junio del 2004. OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de enfermedades neoplásicas en familiares de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer. METODOS: Se estudiaron 220 casos, 119 con diagnóstico clínico de cáncer y 101 sin evidencia de esta enfermedad, de los primeros se eliminaron 17 por no contar con el reporte de Anatomía Patológica en el Expediente Clínico. RESULTADOS: de los 102 casos de cáncer,46 tenían antecedentes familiares positivos un total de 83 familiares de estos padecían o habían padecido de algún tipo de enfermedad neoplásica, ya que algunos pacientes tenían más de un familiar afectado. De los 101 pacientes positivos sin cáncer hubo 25 de ellos con antecedentes positivos de enfermedades neoplásicas y un total de 35 familiares afectados. Del grupo con cáncer hubo 18 casos entre hermanos hijos y sobrinos, en cambio para el grupo control se presentaron 3 casos únicamente en este mismo grupo de familiares. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer tienen mas alta frecuencia de enfermedades neoplásicas en sus familias comparados con pacientes que sufren de otras enfermedades sin evidencia clínica ni patológica de cáncer. Los parientes en primer grado de pacientes con cáncer son más frecuentemente afectados de enfermedades neoplásicas, que los parientes en primer grado de pacientes que no presentan cáncer...(AU)


Asunto(s)
Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Neoplasias/genética , Oncogenes/genética , Genética Médica/métodos , Genes/genética , Herencia/genética , ADN/genética
17.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 73(3): 114-121, jul.-sep. 2005. mapas, tab, graf
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-444206

RESUMEN

Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital General San Felipe durante los meses de Mayo y Junio del 2004. OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de enfermedades neoplásicas en familiares de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer. METODOS: Se estudiaron 220 casos, 119 con diagnóstico clínico de cáncer y 101 sin evidencia de esta enfermedad, de los primeros se eliminaron 17 por no contar con el reporte de Anatomía Patológica en el Expediente Clínico. RESULTADOS: de los 102 casos de cáncer,46 tenían antecedentes familiares positivos un total de 83 familiares de estos padecían o habían padecido de algún tipo de enfermedad neoplásica, ya que algunos pacientes tenían más de un familiar afectado. De los 101 pacientes positivos sin cáncer hubo 25 de ellos con antecedentes positivos de enfermedades neoplásicas y un total de 35 familiares afectados. Del grupo con cáncer hubo 18 casos entre hermanos hijos y sobrinos, en cambio para el grupo control se presentaron 3 casos únicamente en este mismo grupo de familiares. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer tienen mas alta frecuencia de enfermedades neoplásicas en sus familias comparados con pacientes que sufren de otras enfermedades sin evidencia clínica ni patológica de cáncer. Los parientes en primer grado de pacientes con cáncer son más frecuentemente afectados de enfermedades neoplásicas, que los parientes en primer grado de pacientes que no presentan cáncer...


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oncogenes , Neoplasias , Genética Médica/métodos , ADN , Herencia , Genes
18.
World J Surg ; 28(9): 921-5, 2004 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15593468

RESUMEN

The incidence, risk factors, and clinical relevance of stenosis of stapled colorectal anastomosis (CRA) were studied prospectively. Anastomotic stricture was defined as the inability of traversing the anastomosis with the rigid proctoscope. The population studied consisted of 179 patients (94 males) with an average age of 59.3 years (range: 20 to 91 years). The main indication for surgery was colorectal cancer in 59% of the cases, followed by diverticular disease in 23%. The first endoscopic control was performed before 4 months in 25% of the patients, between 5 and 10 months in 50%, and during the following 10 months in 25%. Stenosis was verified with the rigid instrument in 21.1% of the cases and with the flexible colonoscope in 4.4%. The barium enema performed in 12 cases confirmed a punctiform stenosis in 5 patients, 4 of whom had been asymptomatic. An endoscopic dilatation was performed on 5 of the 8 symptomatic patients, with one relapse that required an additional dilatation. In the univariate analysis only the lesser 4-month interval was statistically significant (p = 0.033; odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; confidence interval (CI) 95% = 1.06 to 4.97). Male patients (p = 0.057; OR = 2.08; IC 95% = 0.97-4.44) show a tendency to CRA stricture that does not reach statistically significant levels. In the multivariate analysis, only sex (p = 0.04; OR = 4.11; IC 95% = 1.03 to 5.41) and the time interval (p = 0.012; OR = 2.87; IC 95% = 1.25 to 6.57) appear as independent variables in stenosis risk of a stapled CRA. The incidence of this complication depends on the criteria used for defining it. It is clinically relevant in no more than 5% of the patients. Five out of eight patients in category II were treated successfully with an endoscopic dilatation, while the other three improved spontaneously. Early stenosis, although frequent, is generally asymptomatic and disappears spontaneously. Considering the lack of correlation between the degree of stricture and its symptomatology, it is convenient to combine both the anatomic and the clinical criteria in the selection of candidates for an eventual therapeutic procedure.


Asunto(s)
Colon/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Recto/cirugía , Grapado Quirúrgico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Constricción Patológica/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos
19.
Acta amaz ; Acta amaz;33(4): 549-554, Dec. 2003. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-574673

RESUMEN

O camu-camu, caçari, ou araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) McVaugh) é um arbusto da família Myrtaceae, disperso em quase toda a Amazônia. É uma espécie tipicamente silvestre mas com grande potencial econômico e nutricional. Entretanto, no que se refere a elementos minerais, poucas informações são disponíveis na literatura. Considerando a essencialidade dessas informações na nutrição humana e objetivando contribuir na elaboração de uma Tabela de composição de alimentos a nível regional e nacional, determinou-se os elementos minerais em algumas populações de camu-camu, pela Técnica de Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental. Verificou-se que em relação aos macro elementos minerais, nos frutos de camu-camu analisados, as maiores concentrações foram para potássio, com uma variação de (62,6±0,4 a 144,1±08 mg por cento) e cálcio (9,5±0,3 a 10,6±0,5 mg por cento). A concentração de sódio nos frutos foi baixa (90,7±16,5 µg por cento). A população Uatumã-9 apresentou maiores concentrações de zinco (472,0±8,3µg por cento), molibdênio (6,2±0,6µg por cento) e cromo (19,9±1,7 µg por cento), seguida da população Uatumã 24 em cobalto (2,4±0,03 mg por cento). Dessa forma, o consumo de camu-camu pode contribuir para atingir a ingestão adequada das recomendações de elementos minerais nos diferentes grupos populacionais da região Amazônica.


Camu-camu, caçari, or araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh) is a shrub of the Myrtaceae family, dispersed through almost all the Amazonia. It is a typically wild species but with great economic and nutritional potential. However, few information on its mineral content is available in the literature. Considering the importance of these information for the human nutrition, and, objectiving to contribute in the elaboration of a Table of food composition the regional and national level, was determined the mineral elements in some populations of camu-camu, by neutron activation analysis. According to the results, the greater concentrations was verified in relation to the macro mineral elements potassium, with a variation of (62,6±0,4 to 144,1±8,3 mg percent) and calcium (9,5±0,3 to 10,6±0,5 mg percent). The concentration of sodium in the fruts was low (19,9±1,7µg percent). The population Uatumã 9 presented greater concentrations of zinc (472,0±8,3µg percent), molybdenum (6,2±0,6µg percent) and chromium (19,9±1,7µg percent) followed of the population Uatumã 24 for cobalt (2,4±28,7mg percent). Therefore, camu-camu can contribute for reaching the recommendations of mineral elements intakes by the different human populations of the Amazon region.


Asunto(s)
Árboles , Análisis por Activación , Minerales
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