RESUMEN
Massive haemoptysis is a respiratory emergency. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) can play a crucial role in assessing the cause and origin of the haemoptysis and directing the interventional radiologist prior to treatment. The bronchial arterial supply and to a lesser extent the non-bronchial systemic arterial supply are responsible for the majority of cases of massive haemoptysis, but uncommon causes of massive haemoptysis should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Failure to assess the imaging appropriately prior to endovascular treatment may result in early recurrent massive haemoptysis or patient death.
Asunto(s)
Angiografía/métodos , Arterias Bronquiales/diagnóstico por imagen , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Hemoptisis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Arterias Bronquiales/fisiopatología , Tratamiento de Urgencia , Femenino , Hemoptisis/fisiopatología , Hemoptisis/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
A prospective observational study of 101 women having breast surgery under general anaesthesia was performed to assess the extent of postoperative nausea and vomiting in this group of women. The overall rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting was high, 56% and 41%, respectively, and was significantly associated with length of surgical procedure and morphine use. Techniques to reduce morphine requirement should be evaluated to try and reduce this cause of morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Mama/cirugía , Náusea y Vómito Posoperatorios/epidemiología , Adolescente , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
A case of nocardial breast infection is presented and infection by nocardia organisms must be considered as a rare differential diagnosis of chronic inflammation of the breast.
RESUMEN
An articulated skeleton in the Bell Collection in the Museum of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons is of a woman who died shortly after a Caesarean section, believed to be the 18th recorded case of such an operation performed in the UK and Ireland. The fact that John and Charles Bell were the surgeons involved is of particular interest, due to their importance in the practice of surgery and surgical anatomy in Edinburgh during the early part of the 19th century. The woman had a restricted pelvic inlet and outlet resulting from puerperal osteomalacia, the commonest indication for carrying out this operation during the 18th and 19th centuries. Evidence from the examination of contemporary parish baptism and burial records, as well as meteorological records, established that the Caesarean operation was performed on 29 January 1800. The surviving child was subsequently baptized 'Caesar', in accordance with the common practice at that time.
Asunto(s)
Cesárea/historia , Femenino , Cirugía General/historia , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Irlanda , Museos/historia , Embarazo , Sociedades Médicas/historia , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
The position-specific (PS) integrins of Drosophila are highly homologous to vertebrate integrins, most of which are cell-surface receptors for extracellular matrix components. Integrins are heterodimers, each consisting of noncovalently associated alpha- and beta-subunits. As for the subfamilies of vertebrate integrins, the same beta-subunit is found in both Drosophila PS integrins, combined with a specific alpha-subunit to generate either a complete functional PS1 or PS2 integrin. Both alpha- and beta-subunits are large transmembrane proteins (relative molecular masses greater than 100,000). Either one or both of these two PS integrins are expressed in most fly tissues during development. A particularly intriguing pattern of expression is found in the mature wing imaginal disc, where the PS1 integrin is expressed primarily on the presumptive dorsal wing epithelium, and the PS2 integrin is found almost exclusively on the ventral epithelium. Immediately after pupariation, the central wing pouch evaginates, folding along its centre to appose the epithelia that will secret the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the adult wing blade. Here we report the results of a genetic analysis indicating that both of the PS integrins are required to maintain the close apposition of the dorsal and ventral wing epithelia during morphogenesis. Also, we conclude that the integrins are not necessary for the maintenance of the cell lineage restriction between the two presumptive wing surfaces in the developing imaginal disc.
Asunto(s)
Drosophila melanogaster/embriología , Integrinas/fisiología , Alas de Animales/embriología , Alelos , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Técnicas Inmunológicas , Integrinas/genética , Morfogénesis , Fenotipo , Alas de Animales/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Foster children represent a high-risk group for physical, emotional, and social health problems, yet few federal or state policies explicitly address foster child health. This article reviews foster child health and the legal background for policy, then discusses components of a comprehensive health care supervision program.