RESUMEN
Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a common metabolic/endocrine abnormality. There aren't any published data about vitamin D plasma level in Georgian population. Present study was conducted to reveal vit D status among Georgian children with high acute respiratory morbidity. The prospective observational study was performed by comparing serum vitamin D levels in children with recurrent respiratory infections (Upper respiratory infections, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia) and healthy children in two cities of Georgia - Tbilisi and Rustavi. The 2 cohorts of 277 children at age from 3 months to 15 years were investigated. First cohort formed - 147 children with recurrent respiratory infections. 130 healthy children were included in control group (II cohort). One moment blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined in every study participant. The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level in the I age group with respiratory infections was 14.47±5.44 ng/ml and control group data were - 35.54ng/ml±8.66. In II age group with respiratory morbidity vit D level was 12.43±5.27 ng/ml and control group data were 27.71±18.29 ng/ml. In III age group mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was - 14.39±4.60ng/ml. Control group data - 28.31±12.59ng/ml. Comparison of serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels between the study groups (I cohort vs II cohort) revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In 14% of healthy adolescents from group III the vit D plasma level was <20 ng/ml (16±11.5 ng/ml). 25(OH)D deficiency in children was associated with high morbidity with respiratory infections. After 5 years of age most of the healthy children with the low respiratory morbidity in Georgian rural regions reveal Vit D insufficiency, especially in adolescent period.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Adolescente , Niño , Georgia (República)/epidemiología , Humanos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Vitamina D , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , VitaminasRESUMEN
Objectives - the associations between vitamin D concentrations and respiratory diseases have been assessed in a large and rapidly expanding literature. Observational studies and numerous randomized trials. Data sources: - Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials Number registry from 2011 to 2021. Vitamin D plays an essential role in maintaining bone health through regulating calcium concentrations in the body. The development of vitamin D deficiency is associated with deteriorating bone health and in severe cases, hypocalcemia, rickets, and osteomalacia in children and adults. Those at greatest risk of vitamin D deficiency include patients with chronic illnesses (e.g., chronic kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and sickle cell disease), dark-pigmented skin, poor nutrition, and infants who are exclusively breastfed. The primary source of vitamin D is sunlight exposure with nutritional intake. However, the composite literature is often confusing and has led to heated debates about the optimal concentrations of vitamin D and related guidelines for supplementation. According to the last period of research, the impact of vitamin D is actively discussing the correct functioning of the immune system. It is established that it participates in the formation of the innate and adaptive immune response. In last years appeared data from controlled trials where there are confirmed D hypovitaminosis correlations with infections. The systemic review of the randomized controlled trials and meta analysis showed the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for reducing morbidity with respiratory diseases. In literary sources, the impact of Vitamin D is considered to influence the duration and severity of pneumonia. The authors note that in the cases of severe and complicated pneumonia, the concentrations of vitamin D was significantly lower than in control cases. It has been proposed that the activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway may generate beneficial effects in ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 with decreasing the cytokine/chemokine storm, regulating the reninangiotensin system, modulating neutrophil activity. The systemic review of the randomized controlled trials and meta analysis showed the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for reducing morbidity with respiratory diseases. But most of researchers have concluded that data remain uncertain and requires confirmation in farther well designed randomized controlled trials.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vitamina D , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The present study was aimed to determine the parents' knowledge level about vit D importance for children normal health state, functions of vit D, sources, recommended duration of supplementation or treatment.The questionnaire was utilized as cross-sectional survey to determine the awareness of parents about vit D influence and importance for child health. The questionnaire was designed by the author. The survey questions covered the topics of parents'/caregivers' information needs; understanding of importance of vit D supplementation, causes of vit D deficiency, duration of supplementation, importance of screening adolescent girls for vit D deficiency. The survey was administered to parents/ caregivers of children of age from 1 to 15 years old living in Tbilisi and different regions of Georgia. The data were analyzed using Excel.A total 850 individuals participated in the study. Most of them 88,3% believed vit D to be important for health of a child, but could not explain why. 74% of respondents could identify oily fish or eggs as main source of vit D. However, 46% believed dairy products to be a good dietary source of vitamin D. More than 59% of participants supported their children by vit D drops up to age of 1 year, 40% by themselves decide to give it only 1-2-months. Only 12% of mothers continue to support her child by vit D till 24 months and more. About the importance for vit D deficiency prevention among adolescent girls, as for future mothers, 85,3 % of participants answered they have no information about this. According to received results, the parental awareness and level of knowledge about vit D importance for child normal growth and health is poor.Sothere is a need for increased levels of parental education to ensure children have a better chance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels.
Asunto(s)
Padres , Vitamina D , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Georgia (República) , Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The purpose of this review is the study of literature for the current data on the metabolism of vitamin D and its role in development of bone tissue in children. The role of the main marker enabling assessing 25(OH)D concentration in the body the reference values has been analyzed. Summarizing the literature data, we may say that vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional rickets and osteomalacia, which have a mayor impact on health of infants, children and adolescents.