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Xanthelasma palpebrarum is one of the most common cutaneous xanthomas in humans. Currently, there are various methods available for treating xanthelasma palpebrarum, but the high treatment frequency and recurrence rate remain significant challenges for patients. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reasonable and effective clinical grading system to guide the diagnosis and treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum. We developed a clinical scoring system related to local injection of pingyangmycin for the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum, which can be used to predict early prognosis and treatment outcomes in patients. We collected and retrospectively studied 246 outpatient cases of xanthelasma palpebrarum treated with local injection of pingyangmycin in the Department of Plastic Surgery at Shanghai East Hospital from February 2020 to August 2022. Potential independent risk factors for adverse outcomes (recurrence or non-recurrence) were considered in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Predictive factors were determined based on the multivariate logistic regression model and Cox model, and a scoring grading system was established. External validation was conducted on an independent cohort of 110 patients. Based on logistic regression analysis, the number, area, and color of lesions were identified as significant predictive indicators (P < 0.05), with respective AUCs of 0.710, 0.799, and 0.755. The Cox model established hazard ratios for four new severity indicators of xanthelasma palpebrarum: hyperlipidemia, number of lesions, lesion area, and lesion grayscale value. Based on these findings, a new clinical grading model was developed, which was validated to be effective in the external cohort. The new scoring-based clinical predictive model can effectively predict the number of pingyangmycin injection treatments and prognosis in patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum. It holds promise for broader application in clinical practice.
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Enfermedades de los Párpados , Xantomatosis , Humanos , Xantomatosis/diagnóstico , Xantomatosis/patología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Pronóstico , Enfermedades de los Párpados/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Párpados/tratamiento farmacológico , Bleomicina/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Anciano , Recurrencia , China/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto Joven , Factores de Riesgo , Párpados/patologíaRESUMEN
Background: While sarcopenia has been found to be associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), evidence exploring sex-related differences remains insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the differences in how often sarcopenia occurs in each sex, as determined by skeletal muscle area (SMA) in chest CT images, and its association with CVD common risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1,340 inpatients from the Department of Geriatrics of Renji Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, disease history, and clinical parameters were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using chest CT images with a cut-off value of T12-SMA/height2 <25.75 cm2/m2 in male patients and <20.16 cm2/m2 in female patients. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS). The association between T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia and CVD risk factors by sex was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia (<25.75 cm2/m2 for male patients, <20.16 cm2/m2 for female patients) was 54.03%, with 48.09% in male patients and 63.19% in female patients. The proportion of male patients with high CVD risk was greater than that of female patients. The multivariate analysis revealed that T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with age (in male patients only), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the six FRS cardiovascular risk indices. Conclusion: Our results suggest that T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia was more prevalent in male patients than in female patients. Sarcopenia was associated with higher levels of SBP and HDL-C and lower levels of cholesterol. Increasing age had a more significant effect on CVD risk in male patients.
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BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge has emerged as a prominent study area in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ß-glucan was reported to reverse resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by regulating the tumor microenvironment. In this self-initiated clinical trial (ChiCTR2100054796), NSCLC participants who have previously failed anti-PD-1 therapy received ß-glucan (500 mg, bid, d1-21), Envafolimab (300 mg, d1) and Endostar (210 mg, civ72h) every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The clinical efficacy and adverse events were observed, while serum samples were collected for proteomic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty Three patients were enrolled from January 2022 to March 2023 (median age, 65 years; male, n = 18 [78.3%]; squamous NSCLC, n = 9 [39.1%]; mutant type, n = 13 [56.5%]). The overall response rate (ORR) was 21.7% and disease control rate (DCR) was 73.9%. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) was 4.3 months [95% CI: 2.0-6.6] and 9.8 months [95% CI: 7.2-12.4], respectively. The mPFS between PD-L1 positive and negative subgroup has significant difference (6.3 months vs. 2.3 months, p = 0.002). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 52.2% of patients. The most common TRAEs were hypothyroidism (26.1%) and fatigue (26.1%). 2 (8.7%) grade 3 adverse events were reported. No adverse reaction related deaths have been observed. Proteomic analysis revealed that the levels of CASP-8, ARG1, MMP12, CD28 and CXCL5 correlated with resistance to the treatment while the levels of CD40-L and EGF related to the favorable response. CONCLUSION: ß-glucan combined with Envafolimab and Endostar has considerable efficacy and safety for immune rechallenge in metastatic NSCLC patients who failed of anti-PD-1 treatment previously, especially for PD-L1 positive patients.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , beta-Glucanos , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , beta-Glucanos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunología , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Background: ß-glucan has been reported to be a potential natural immune modulator for tumor growth inhibition. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ß-glucan plus immunotherapy and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: This is a phase IB, prospective, single-arm, investigator-initiated trail. Advanced gastric adenocarcinoma patients received ß-glucan, camrelizumab, oxaliplatin, oral S-1 every 3 weeks. The curative effect was evaluated every 2 cycles. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety, with secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS). The exploratory endpoint explored biomarkers of response to treatment efficacy. Results: A total of 30 patients had been enrolled, including 20 (66.7%) males and all patients with an ECOG PS score of ≥1. The ORR was 60%, the mPFS was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.52-11.27), the mOS was 14.0 months (95% CI, 11.09-16.91). A total of 19 patients (63.3%) had TRAEs, with 9 patients (30%) with grade ≥ 3. The most common TRAEs were nausea (53.3%). After 2 cycles of treatment, the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and CD4+ T cells significantly increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, biomarker analysis indicated that patient with better response and longer OS exhibited lower GZMA expression at baseline serum. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates that ß-glucan plus camrelizumab and SOX chemotherapy offers favorable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma, and further studies are needed to verify its efficacy and safety. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100044088.
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Adenocarcinoma , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Oxaliplatino , Neoplasias Gástricas , beta-Glucanos , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Adulto , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , beta-Glucanos/uso terapéutico , beta-Glucanos/administración & dosificación , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico , Oxaliplatino/administración & dosificación , Oxaliplatino/efectos adversos , Ácido Oxónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Oxónico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Oxónico/efectos adversos , Tegafur/administración & dosificación , Tegafur/uso terapéutico , Tegafur/efectos adversos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Effective biomarkers are paramount importance for the early detection and prognosis prediction of malignant mesothelioma (MM) which mainly caused by asbestos exposure, and DNA methylation has been demonstrated to be a potentially powerful diagnostic tool. To elucidate the relationship between asbestos exposure and alterations in DNA methylation patterns, as well as the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of differentially methylated regions and CpG sites (DMRs/DMCs) in the progression of MM. The current study employed reduced representation bisulï¬te sequencing (RRBS) to examine the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of individuals exposed to asbestos and those diagnosed with MM, in comparison to the controls, and DMRs/DMCs were subsequently validated by targeted bisulfite sequencing (TBS). Our results suggested that there were 12 DMRs/DMCs exhibiting a consistent change trend of DNA methylation in both RRBS and TBS results. Significant correlations were observed between DNA methylation levels of DMRs/DMCs and the duration of occupational asbestos exposure. The evaluation of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that the DNA methylation status of FHIT, CCR12P and CDH15 may serve as diagnosis indicator in distinguishing MM patients from healthy controls and those exposed to asbestos. Our findings offer a foundation for the role of DNA methylation in the development of MM induced by asbestos exposure. The potential significance of FHIT, CCR12P and CDH15 DNA methylation alterations in the pathogenesis and advancement of MM disease suggests their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Introduction: Odontoid incidence (OI) is an important parameter that has recently been developed. However, there are currently no studies on OI in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. We aimed to examine the significance of OI in describing cervical sagittal alignment in AIS patients, explore the differences in cervical sagittal parameters among these patients with different curve types, and investigate the correlations between coronal deformity and cervical sagittal parameters in AIS patients. Methods: The whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs of AIS patients were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters, including OI, odontoid tilt (OT), C2 slope, cervical lordosis (CL), T1 slope (T1S), and others, were measured. The AIS patients were grouped based on different curve types. Measurement parameters were compared between different groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for cervical sagittal parameters and Cobb angle. Results: Ninety AIS patients were included, consisting of 14 males and 76 females. The main thoracic curve group exhibited a smaller OI compared to the main thoracolumbar/lumbar curve group (P < 0.05). In the AIS patients with a main thoracic curve, there was a significant correlation between Cobb angle and OI (r = -0.371, p < 0.01). The odontoid parameters exhibited significant correlations with several classic cervical sagittal parameters in AIS patients with different curve types. The validation of the formula CL = 0.36 × OI-0.67 × OT-0.69 × T1S showed a significant correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.917) between the actual measurements and the predicted values, with a determination coefficient of 0.842. Conclusion: There may be a difference in OI between AIS patients with a main thoracic curve and those with a main thoracolumbar/lumbar curve. Odontoid parameters could be used to describe cervical sagittal alignment in AIS patients with different curve types.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalised patients, and increases the morbidity, mortality, and medical costs; yet nutritional assessments on admission are not routine. This study assessed the clinical and economic benefits of using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based rapid nutritional diagnostic system for routine nutritional screening of hospitalised patients. METHODS: A nationwide multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted at 11 centres in 10 provinces. Hospitalised patients were randomised to either receive an assessment using an AI-based rapid nutritional diagnostic system as part of routine care (experimental group), or not (control group). The overall medical resource costs were calculated for each participant and a decision-tree was generated based on an intention-to-treat analysis to analyse the cost-effectiveness of various treatment modalities. Subgroup analyses were performed according to clinical characteristics and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of parameter variations on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: In total, 5763 patients participated in the study, 2830 in the experimental arm and 2933 in the control arm. The experimental arm had a significantly higher cure rate than the control arm (23.24% versus 20.18%; p = 0.005). The experimental arm incurred an incremental cost of 276.52 CNY, leading to an additional 3.06 cures, yielding an ICER of 90.37 CNY. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the decision-tree model was relatively stable. CONCLUSION: The integration of the AI-based rapid nutritional diagnostic system into routine inpatient care substantially enhanced the cure rate among hospitalised patients and was cost-effective. REGISTRATION: NCT04776070 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04776070).
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BACKGROUND: Renal insufficiency (RI) is a key factor affecting the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Because the benefit of daratumumab for treating MM patients with RI remains unclear, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of daratumumab on MM patients with RI. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases as of October 24, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the article titles, abstracts, and full text to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan version 5.4. Outcomes of interest were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), complete response or better (≥CR), and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, all calculated as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs with 5003 patients were included. Add-on daratumumab improved PFS and OS among newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients with RI (HR 0.48 [95% CI: 0.36, 0.64, I2 = 65%] and HR 0.63 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.82, I2 = 0%]) as well as relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM)-RI patients, compared with the control group (HR 0.46 [95% CI: 0.37, 0.58, I2 = 0%] and HR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.51, 0.92, I2 = 0%]). In terms of the renal status, the efficacy of add-on daratumumab for MMRI patients was similar to that for MM patients with normal renal function. A prolonged PFS benefit for add-on daratumumab treatment versus the control was evident across all RRMM-RI subgroups, and the benefits tended to increase with the follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that MM patients with RI could benefit from a daratumumab-added regimen regardless of MM status. Additional high-quality RCTs are still warranted to confirm our findings.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Mieloma Múltiple , Insuficiencia Renal , Mieloma Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiple/complicaciones , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Humanos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal/etiología , Insuficiencia Renal/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells have made remarkable progress in recent years. Many studies have reported that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have no toxicity, but thromboembolism appeared in patients treated with hUC-MSCs. Therefore, people are still worried about the safety of clinical application. The study aims to determine the safety, potential toxic mechanism and biodistribution of hUC-MSCs. F344RG rats were given 5 or 50 million cells/kg of hUC-MSCs by single administration in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice standards. Standard toxicity was performed. RNA sequencing was then performed to explore the potential toxic mechanisms. In parallel, the biodistribution of hUC-MSCs was examined. The dose of 5 million cells/kg hUC-MSCs had no obvious toxicity on symptom, weight, food intake, hematology, serum biochemistry, urine biochemistry, cytokines, and histopathology. However, blood-tinged secretions in the urethral orifice and 20% mortality occurred at 50 million cells/kg. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is the leading cause of death. hUC-MSCs significantly upregulated complement and coagulation cascade pathways gene expression, resulting in DIC. Besides, hUC-MSCs upregulated fibrinolytic system suppressor genes A2m, Serping1 and Serpinf2. hUC-MSCs survived in rats for less than 28 days, no hUC-MSC was detected in tissues outside the lungs. There was no toxicity in F344RG rats at 5 million cells/kg, but some toxicities were detected at 50 million cells/kg. hUC-MSCs significantly upregulated complement and coagulation cascade pathways, upregulated the expression of fibrinolytic system suppressor genes A2m, Serping1 and Serpinf2, to inhibit fibrinolytic system, caused DIC, which provided a new insight into the toxic mechanism of hUC-MSCs.
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Heterostructures of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and MXenes have shown great promise for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, owing to their complementary physical properties. Coupling LDHs with MXenes can potentially enhance their conductivity, stability, and OER activity. In this work, a scalable and straightforward in situ guided growth of CoFeLDH on Ti3C2Tx is introduced, where the surface chemistry of Ti3C2Tx dominates the resulting heterostructures, allowing tunable crystal domain sizes of LDHs. Combined simulation results of Monte Carlo and density functional theory (DFT) validate this guided growth mechanism. Through this way, the optimized heterostructures allow the highest OER activity of the overpotential = 301 mV and Tafel slope = 43 mV dec-1 at 10 mA cm-2, and a considerably durable stability of 0.1% decay over 200 h use, remarkably outperforming all reported LDHs-MXenes materials. DFT calculations indicate that the charge transfer in heterostructures can decrease the rate-limiting energy barrier for OER, facilitating OER activity. The combined experimental and theoretical efforts identify the participation role of MXene in heterostructures for OER reactions, providing insights into designing advanced heterostructures for robust OER electrocatalysis.
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This study evaluated the impact of thermal, ultrasonication, and UV treatment on the structural and functional properties of whey proteins from donkey milk (DWP). Whey proteins exhibited notable stability in non-heat-treated environments, while their structural and functional characteristics were notably impacted by excessive heat treatment. The application of high-temperature long-time thermal treatment (HTLT) resulted in a decrease in fluorescence intensity, foaming and emulsification stability, and considerable damage to the active components of the proteins. Specifically, the preservation of lysozyme activity was only 23%, and lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G exhibited a significant loss of 70% and 77%, respectively. Non-thermal treatment methods showed superior efficacy in preserving the active components in whey proteins compared with heat treatment. Ultrasonic treatment has demonstrated a notable capability in diminishing protein particle size and turbidity, and UV treatment has been observed to have the ability to oxidize internal disulfide bonds within proteins, consequently augmenting the presence of free sulfhydryl groups, which were beneficial to foaming and emulsification stability. This study not only offers a scientific basis for the processing and application of DWP but also serves as a guide to produce dairy products, aiding in the development of dairy products tailored to specific health functions.
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BACKGROUND: Mecapegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor has been approved for reducing the incidence of infection, particularly febrile neutropenia (FN), in China. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study to examine the safety and effectiveness of mecapegfilgrastim in preventing neutropenia in gastrointestinal patients receiving the chemotherapy, including S-1/capecitabine-based regimens or the fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI)/fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)/fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRINOX) regimens. METHOD: Five hundred and sixty-one gastrointestinal patients from 40 sites across China, between May 2019 and November 2021, were included. The administration of mecapegfilgrastim was prescribed at the discretion of local physicians. RESULTS: The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of any grade for all patients was increased white blood cells (2.9%). Grade 3/4 ADRs were observed for anemia (0.2%), decreased white blood cells (0.2%), and decreased neutrophil count (0.2%). Among the 116 patients who received S-1/capecitabine-based chemotherapy throughout all cycles, ADRs of any grade included anemia (1.7%), myalgia (0.9%), and increased alanine aminotransferase (0.9%). No grade 3/4 ADRs were observed. In 414 cycles of patients who underwent S-1/capecitabine-based regimens, only one (0.2%) cycle experienced grade 4 neutropenia. In the FOLFIRINOX, FOLFOXIRI, and FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens, grade 4 neutropenia occurred in one (2.7%) of 37 cycles, four (4.7%) of 85 cycles, and two (1.2%) of 167 cycles, respectively. CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, mecapegfilgrastim has proven effective in preventing severe neutropenia in gastrointestinal patients following chemotherapy. This includes commonly used moderate or high-risk FN regimens or regimens containing S1/capecitabine, all of which have demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profiles.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Fluorouracilo , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Neutropenia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neutropenia/prevención & control , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Neutropenia/epidemiología , Adulto , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Leucovorina/uso terapéutico , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Irinotecán/uso terapéutico , Irinotecán/efectos adversos , Oxaliplatino/efectos adversos , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A substation is important equipment of the power system, and there are many power equipment components in the substation. In order to better detect the working status of power equipment components, it is necessary to preprocess these components. In the actual application, the power equipment images may be noisy due to external environmental interference. Therefore, it should denoise these images in order to improve system detection performance. This paper uses the acquired power equipment images and adds noise intensity of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30, respectively. Then, the Block-Matching and 3D Filtering (BM3D) method is used to denoise these images. BM3D includes three steps such as block combination, collaborative filtering, and integration, which has strong denoising ability. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of denoising visual effects and evaluation indicators. Especially in terms of preserving details and textures of the denoised image, there is a significant advantage in suppressing strong noise. In summary, the proposed method can achieve encouraging denoising results, which is an effective denoising method for power equipment images.
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Human life expectancy is significantly impacted by cancer, with liquid biopsy emerging as an advantageous method for cancer detection because of its noninvasive nature, high accuracy, ease of sampling, and cost-effectiveness compared with conventional tissue biopsy techniques. Liquid biopsy shows promise in early cancer detection, real-time monitoring, and personalized treatment for various cancers, including lung, cervical, and prostate cancers, and offers innovative approaches for cancer diagnosis and management. By utilizing circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes as biomarkers, liquid biopsy enables the tracking of cancer progression. Various techniques commonly used in life sciences research, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and droplet digital PCR, are employed to assess cancer progression on the basis of different indicators. This review examines the latest advancements in liquid biopsy markers-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes-for cancer diagnosis over the past three years, with a focus on their detection methodologies and clinical applications. It encapsulates the pivotal aims of liquid biopsy, including early detection, therapy response prediction, treatment monitoring, prognostication, and its relevance in minimal residual disease, while also addressing the challenges facing routine clinical adoption. By combining the latest research advancements and practical clinical experiences, this work focuses on discussing the clinical significance of DNA methylation biomarkers and their applications in tumor screening, auxiliary diagnosis, companion diagnosis, and recurrence monitoring. These discussions may help enhance the application of liquid biopsy throughout the entire process of tumor diagnosis and treatment, thereby providing patients with more precise and effective treatment plans.
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Recent regional investigations in the United States have revealed a thought-provoking perspective: household electricity consumption may act as an inferior commodity, displaying a negative correlation with wealth. This finding challenges the outcomes of various other econometric analyses and underscores the importance of scrutinizing power consumption patterns across different regional service areas. While it is commonly believed that home electricity usage decreases as income rises, this may not always hold true universally. This study focuses on power usage in Seattle, Washington households, a prominent urban economy in the Pacific Northwest. Employing dynamic error correction modeling techniques, the research demonstrates statistically significant fluctuations in domestic power usage attributed to variations in actual value, actual revenue, and cold weather. In the immediate future, energy for homes in this urban economy resembles any other commodity. However, investing in electricity for homes in Seattle may not be advisable in the long run. Home power usage in Seattle declines with each percentage point increase in actual per capita income over 1.2 %. This finding highlights the need for careful consideration and strategic planning in energy management policies for urban economies like Seattle.
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In this work, we report a new type of interface modes between helical secondary structures by noncovalent assembly along the helical axis. The dimerization of helical secondary structures mediated by aromatic π-stacking leads to discrete heterochiral dimeric helical rods consisting of left-handed helix and right-handed helix, which has been demonstrated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We conduct chiral induction studies on discrete heterochiral dimers to regulate the preference of the helical sense. Surprisingly, we found a novel supramolecular chirality potentially occurring inside the super-secondary structure of chirality-induced heterochiral helical dimers, rather than the racemization of helical chirality. Furthermore, chirality-induced heterochiral helical dimers can exhibit unique chiral switches when formed or not formed. In order to identify the emerging supramolecular chirality of discrete heterochiral dimeric helix, we covalently synthesized meso-helix structures with opposite helical handedness. The chirality of aromatic chromophore linker was confirmed by chiral induction despite competition from opposite handed helices, which strongly demonstrates the occurrence of emerging supramolecular chirality in heterochiral dimeric helix. This study not only reports the heterochiral π-stacking dimerization of helical secondary structures for the first time, but also discovers novel supramolecular chirality hidden in the structure of noncovalent and even covalent meso-helices.
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BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have rapidly developed into a principal methodological framework for nutrition diagnosis. However, the applicability of the GLIM criteria in patients with acute abdomen has not been validated. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients diagnosed with acute abdomen and admitted to a tertiary hospital in southwest China. Nutrition risk screening was conducted using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, and patients identified with nutrition risk were assessed for malnutrition based on the GLIM criteria. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 440 patients with acute abdomen. The top three diagnoses of acute abdomen were intestinal obstruction (47.2%), acute appendicitis (23.1%), and digestive system perforation (8.8%). The prevalence of nutrition risk was 46.5%, with a malnutrition rate of 32.5% based on the GLIM. Patients with malnutrition according to the GLIM showed significantly higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (13.28% vs 7.07%; P = 0.003), increased hospitalization costs (median: 3315USD [interquartile range (IQR): 978-7852] vs 1641 [IQR: 816-3523] USD; P < 0.001), and longer length of hospital stay (LOS) (median: 8 [IQR: 5-13] vs 6 [IQR: 4-8] days; P < 0.001) compared with patients without malnutrition. Multivariate analysis indicated that GLIM-defined malnutrition was an independent predictor of hospitalization costs, and severe malnutrition was an independent predictor of ICU admission. CONCLUSION: GLIM criteria are applicable for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with acute abdomen. The prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with acute abdomen. Malnutrition was associated with increased ICU admission and LOS, along with higher economic burden.
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Background: The effectiveness of a self-efficacy-focused structured education program for patients with diabetes mellitus has been verified. However, changes in self-efficacy for the behavior change mechanism in patients who participated in the program require clarification. Aim: To analyze the mechanism of self-management behavioral variations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent a self-efficacy-focused structured education program. Methods: A secondary analysis of patients who received a self-efficacy-focused structured education program was conducted using data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. The relationships among the 3-, 6-, and 12-month changes in diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, diabetes distress, and self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied using a structural equation model. Results: Enhancement of self-efficacy among patients receiving a self-efficacy-focused structured education program directly influenced improvements in self-management behaviors at 3, 6 and 12 months. The increase in diabetes knowledge directly and indirectly improved self-management behaviors at 3 months, but the direct effect on behavior disappeared at 6 months and the indirect effect on behavior by enhancing self-efficacy only lasted until 6 months. The decrease in diabetes distress directly influenced improvement in self-management behaviors at 3 months. While it did not directly influence self-management behavior improvement at 6 and 12 months, it indirectly affected behavior improvement by enhancing self-efficacy. Conclusion: The enhancement of self-efficacy plays a core role in improving and maintaining self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who receive self-efficacy-focused structured education programs. Patients' behaviors can be improved by gaining more diabetes knowledge and mitigating diabetes distress at the 3- and 6-month follow-up. Improvements in behaviors at the 12-month follow-up could be achieved by mitigating diabetes distress.
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Objectiveï¼ To explore the influence of environment temperature on the incidence of testicular torsion. METHODS: We collected the clinical data on 172 cases of testicular torsion diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2013 to December 2020. According to the local environment temperature on the day of onset, we divided the patients into groups A (below 0â), B (0ï¼10â), C (10ï¼20â) and D (above 20â), and compared the incidence rates of testicular torsion among the four groups, followed by correlation analysis. RESULTS: The incidence rate of testicular torsion was 12.8% (n = 22) in group A, 35.5% (n = 61) in B, 34.9% (n = 60) in C and 16.9% (n = 29) in D, the highest at 0ï¼10â in group B, with statistically significant difference among the four groups (χ2 = 29.07, P <0.001). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the incidence of testicular torsion was negatively correlated with the environment temperature (r = ï¼0.261, P <0.01), with no statistically significant difference among different seasons (χ2 = 5.349, P >0.05), but higher in autumn and winter than in the other two seasons. CONCLUSION: The incidence of testicular torsion is negatively correlated with the environment temperature, elevated when the temperature decreases, but has no statistically significant difference among different seasons, though relatively higher in autumn and winter.
Asunto(s)
Estaciones del Año , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Temperatura , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , IncidenciaRESUMEN
Heterochromatin de-condensation in companion gametic cells is conserved in both plants and animals. In plants, microspore undergoes asymmetric pollen mitosis (PMI) to produce a vegetative cell (VC) and a generative cell (GC). Subsequently, the GC undergoes pollen mitosis (PMII) to produce two sperm cells (SC). Consistent with heterochromatin de-condensation in the VC, H3K9me2, a heterochromatin mark, is barely detected in VC. However, how H3K9me2 is differentially regulated during pollen mitosis remains unclear. Here, we show that H3K9me2 is gradually evicted from the VC since PMI but remain unchanged in the GC and SC. ARID1, a pollen-specific transcription factor that facilitates PMII, promotes H3K9me2 maintenance in the GC/SC but slows down its eviction in the VC. The genomic targets of ARID1 mostly overlaps with H3K9me2 loci, and ARID1 recruits H3K9 methyltransferase SUVH6. Our results uncover that differential pattern of H3K9me2 between two cell types is regulated by ARID1 during pollen mitosis.