RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess early recovery of physical health after robotic minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) for early-stage endometrial cancer using the European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer Computer Adaptive Test Core questionnaire (EORTC CAT Core). The EORTC CAT Core provides individualised measurements while maintaining comparability. A hypothesis of individual complete recovery to baseline within three post-surgical weeks was evaluated. METHODS: Ninety-four women who underwent RMIS for early-stage endometrial cancer were included consecutively. The EORTC CAT Core was distributed before surgery and prospectively every week during the first post-operative month. Repeated measures models were fitted for each of the four domains (physical functioning, role function, fatigue, and pain) and tested for impact of age, ASA score, minor/major surgery, and the individual baseline scores (poorest, intermediate, best). RESULTS: Women with the lowest physical functioning, lowest role function, highest fatigue level, and highest pain level at baseline all recovered within three weeks. Women with the highest physical functioning, highest role function, lowest level of fatigue, and lowest level of pain at baseline did not reach their individual baselines within the first post-operative month but had the most favourable domain-scores three weeks post-operatively. CONCLUSION: The individual woman's physical health baseline score is predictive for her postoperative recovery following RMIS for early-stage endometrial cancer. Women with the best physical health had the best postoperative functions and lowest level of symptoms; however their recovery to baseline was prolonged. Computer adaptive testing may be a valuable tool for individualised pre-operative information and supportive care during surveillance.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Endometriales/cirugía , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Salpingooforectomía/efectos adversos , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Histerectomía/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Cuidados Posoperatorios/normas , Periodo Posoperatorio , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Salpingooforectomía/métodos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
AIMS: The aim was to investigate the intestinal community of Enterococcus faecalis from healthy confined non-industrialized chicken. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 206 E. faecalis isolates were collected from cloacal swabs. The prevalence of E. faecalis from two confined flocks was 83 and 96%, while only 44 and 13% in two fancy breeder flocks. A total of 204 isolates were characterized by pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis (PFGE) where 40 strains were selected for multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). In all, 19 PFGE patterns and 14 STs were obtained. Four STs were identified in each of the two confined flocks, with one shared ST, while seven STs were identified in the two fancy breeder flocks. Only six of the identified STs had previously been registered in chicken. CONCLUSION: The majority of clonal lineages of E. faecalis associated with chicken reared in confinement and under backyard conditions were unrelated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study has provided new information on opportunistic E. faecalis in confined non-industrial chicken. Knowledge of population diversity and prevalence compared to conventional production is important to accesses, if certain clonal lineages are more likely to be associated with other intestinal E. faecalis lineages in chicken, and it is an important tool for gaining control of clones involved in disease and antibiotic resistance.
Asunto(s)
Enterococcus faecalis/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Animales , Pollos/microbiología , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Enterococcus faecalis/clasificación , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Humanos , Tipificación de Secuencias MultilocusRESUMEN
Water-rock interactions in ultramafic lithosphere generate reduced chemical species such as hydrogen that can fuel subsurface microbial communities. Sampling of this environment is expensive and technically demanding. However, highly accessible, uplifted oceanic lithospheres emplaced onto continental margins (ophiolites) are potential model systems for studies of the subsurface biosphere in ultramafic rocks. Here, we describe a microbiological investigation of partially serpentinized dunite from the Leka ophiolite (Norway). We analysed samples of mineral coatings on subsurface fracture surfaces from different depths (10-160 cm) and groundwater from a 50-m-deep borehole that penetrates several major fracture zones in the rock. The samples are suggested to represent subsurface habitats ranging from highly anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Water from a surface pond was analysed for comparison. To explore the microbial diversity and to make assessments about potential metabolisms, the samples were analysed by microscopy, construction of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries, culturing and quantitative-PCR. Different microbial communities were observed in the groundwater, the fracture-coating material and the surface water, indicating that distinct microbial ecosystems exist in the rock. Close relatives of hydrogen-oxidizing Hydrogenophaga dominated (30% of the bacterial clones) in the oxic groundwater, indicating that microbial communities in ultramafic rocks at Leka could partially be driven by H2 produced by low-temperature water-rock reactions. Heterotrophic organisms, including close relatives of hydrocarbon degraders possibly feeding on products from Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions, dominated in the fracture-coating material. Putative hydrogen-, ammonia-, manganese- and iron-oxidizers were also detected in fracture coatings and the groundwater. The microbial communities reflect the existence of different subsurface redox conditions generated by differences in fracture size and distribution, and mixing of fluids. The particularly dense microbial communities in the shallow fracture coatings seem to be fuelled by both photosynthesis and oxidation of reduced chemical species produced by water-rock reactions.
Asunto(s)
Biota , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Análisis por Conglomerados , Metagenómica , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microscopía , Minerales/análisis , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Noruega , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Hydrothermal vent systems harbor rich microbial communities ranging from aerobic mesophiles to anaerobic hyperthermophiles. Among these, members of the archaeal domain are prevalent in microbial communities in the most extreme environments, partly because of their temperature-resistant and robust membrane lipids. In this study, we use geochemical and molecular microbiological methods to investigate the microbial diversity in black smoker chimneys from the newly discovered Loki's Castle hydrothermal vent field on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR) with vent fluid temperatures of 310-320 °C and pH of 5.5. Archaeal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) and H-shaped GDGTs with 0-4 cyclopentane moieties were dominant in all sulfide samples and are most likely derived from both (hyper)thermophilic Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Crenarchaeol has been detected in low abundances in samples derived from the chimney exterior indicating the presence of Thaumarchaeota at lower ambient temperatures. Aquificales and members of the Epsilonproteobacteria were the dominant bacterial groups detected. Our observations based on the analysis of 16S rRNA genes and biomarker lipid analysis provide insight into microbial communities thriving within the porous sulfide structures of active and inactive deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Microbial cycling of sulfur, hydrogen, and methane by archaea in the chimney interior and bacteria in the chimney exterior may be the prevailing biogeochemical processes in this system.
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Biota , Respiraderos Hidrotermales/microbiología , Regiones Árticas , Océano Atlántico , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN de Archaea/química , ADN de Archaea/genética , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Genes de ARNr , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lípidos/análisis , Filogenia , ARN de Archaea/genética , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
The effect of diazepam and specific ligands of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) on growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in quiescent cultures of rat astrocytes has been examined. It was found that diazepam inhibited the ability of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation; the IC50 was approximately 5 microM. Ro5-4864, a specific agonist of PBRs, also blocked bFGF-induced DNA synthesis. PK11195, which in some cases functions as an antagonist of PBRs, did not prevent the effect of Ro5-4864 on bFGF-induced DNA synthesis; rather, addition of PK11195 also inhibited bFGF-induced DNA synthesis. In addition, diazepam reduced the stimulation of DNA synthesis caused by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), polypeptide growth factors coupled to receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as thrombin, an activator of G protein-coupled receptors. These data suggest that ligands of PBRs may limit astrocyte mitosis, a phenomenon that occurs following CNS injury.
Asunto(s)
Astrocitos/metabolismo , ADN/biosíntesis , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sistema Nervioso Periférico/metabolismo , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Benzodiazepinonas/farmacología , Convulsivantes/farmacología , Diazepam/farmacología , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Agonistas de Receptores de GABA-A , Antagonistas de Receptores de GABA-A , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/farmacología , Ligandos , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Periférico/citología , Sistema Nervioso Periférico/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Timidina/metabolismoRESUMEN
A number of factors appear to be involved in the proliferative and hypertrophic processes which characterize reactive astrocytosis. We have investigated the possibility that ATP, an agent that is released by injured cells following tissue destruction, may be one such factor. For this purpose, we utilized primary cultures of astrocytes derived from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats to study the effect of extracellular ATP on properties associated with astrogliosis. Light microscopic studies disclosed marked stellation of astrocytes after 30-60 min of exposure to 100 microM-1 mM ATP. In addition, the content of the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was increased 35-40% following 60-min exposure to ATP; this effect persisted for 1-3 days of exposure to 100 microM ATP. [3H]Thymidine incorporation increased progressively from 1-3 days; a 3.6-fold increase in DNA synthesis was observed following 3 days of exposure to 1 mM ATP, suggesting stimulation of cellular proliferation. These findings show that high micromolar to low millimolar concentrations of extracellular ATP reproduce several features associated with reactive gliosis and suggest that extracellular ATP may be involved in the activation of astrocytes following CNS injury.