RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is the clinical consequence of the loss of the majority of the ß-cell population and failure to regenerate new pancreatic ß cells. The current therapies based on ß-cell replacement have failed to achieve ß-cell renewal and thus, long-term insulin freedom. We have hypothesized that early rejection of endothelial elements within the islet grafts may seriously hamper islet regeneration in both native and islet grafts. METHODS: In the present study, we analyzed the role of endothelial cells to activate pancreatic stem cells during islet regeneration. Mice were pretreated with or without endothelial pharmacological ablation of endothelial cells, followed by an acute ß-cell injury using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. We performed comparative morphometric analyses of recovered pancreata on days 3, 7, 10, and 30 after streptozotocin injury, staining with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for representative cell types, ß cells, endothelial elements, and stem cells. Blood glucose levels were measured continuously after the injury to monitor the capacity for metabolic control. RESULTS: Morphometric analyses revealed an increasing number of cells over time to be stained with a stem cell and BrdU markers among animals only injured with streptozotocin but not with endothelial ablation. Notably, on day 10, stem cell markers were dramatically decrease nearly to basal levels, with appearance of numerous insulin-positive cells. Intact vessels with cobblestone-shaped endothelial elements were observed in direct proportion to the better outcomes, both by morphometric and by metabolic parameters. In contrast, fewer insulin-positive cells were observed in pancreata that had been ablated of endothelial cells showing extensive collapse of endocrine functions. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that endothelial elements promoted stem cell proliferation and islet regeneration after a ß-cell insult. We believe that preservation of endothelial cells positively affects the process of pancreatic regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Células Secretoras de Insulina/citología , Islotes Pancreáticos/citología , Páncreas/citología , Células Madre/citología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacología , Proliferación Celular , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Células Endoteliales/citología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Biológicos , Páncreas/fisiología , Regeneración , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The development of sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni was monitored in pigmented and albino Biomphalaria glabrata from Puerto Rico and Brazil. The snails were exposed individually to 20 miracidia, and sporocysts were allowed to develop for 3 to 12 weeks. Most of the immature sporocysts were found in the seminal receptacle sac and vas deferens during development. In contrast, mature daughter sporocysts were detected everywhere except in the foot at 12 weeks after exposure to the miracidia. It was found that mature daughter sporocysts formed more rapidly in the pigmented than in the albino snails, but no difference was observed in the formative time between the same types of Puerto Rican and Brazilian snails. It seems likely that there is a correlation between the infection rate and the time required for formation of mature daughter sporocysts in B. glabrata.
Asunto(s)
Biomphalaria/parasitología , Schistosoma mansoni/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Biomphalaria/anatomía & histología , Brasil , Puerto Rico , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Immunoelectrophoretic studies on common antigenicities were carried out by using rabbits sera immunized with the Puerto Rican strain of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms or eggs and antigens of several adult Biomphalaria snails and vice versa. As the result, S. mansoni adult worm extracts produced 8 bands both with extracts of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmentation and B. glabrata pigmentado, 3 to 4 bands with those of B. glabrata albino and 1 to 2 bands with those of B. straminea. On the other hand, S. mansoni egg extracts produced 5 bands with extracts of B. glabrata pigmentation, 4 bands with those of B. glabrata pigmentado, 2 bands with those of B. glabrata albino and 1 band with those of B. straminea. In the experimental infection of adult Biomphalaria snails with five S. mansoni miracidia, the infection rate in B. glabrata pigmentation was 78.8%, and 71.2% in B. glabrata pigmentado, whereas the infection rate in B. glabrata albino was 10.3%, and B. straminea was not susceptible to S. mansoni. The infectivity of each snail corresponded with the number of bands representing common antigenicities between host and parasite. Crude antigens of Biomphalaria snails were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column, and each antigen fraction was tested with anti-S. mansoni adult worm and egg sera by immunoelectrophoresis. The common antigenicities between fractionated antigens of Biomphalaria snails and of ani-S. mansoni adult worm or egg sera mostly existed in the first fraction 1 with Mr > 45 kDa.
Asunto(s)
Biomphalaria/parasitología , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Helmínticos/inmunología , Antígenos Helmínticos/aislamiento & purificación , Biomphalaria/inmunología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Inmunoelectroforesis , Puerto Rico , Conejos , Schistosoma mansoni/patogenicidadRESUMEN
Immunoelectrophoretic studies of common antigenicities were carried out by using rabbit sera immunized against the Belo Horizonte strain of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and crude antigens of Biomphalaria snails and vice versa. With regard to common antigenicities between S. mansoni eggs and Biomphalaria snails, S. mansoni eggs produced 4 to 5 bands with Biomphalaria glabrata pigmentado, 3 to 4 bands with B. glabrata albino and only 1 band with B. straminea. In our laboratory, the infection rate of S. mansoni miracidia to B. glabrata pigmentado was 64.3% and 55.0% for B. glabrata albino, but B. straminea was not found to be susceptible to S. mansoni miracidia. It was observe that more bands were seen between S. mansoni egg and suitable hosts. Biomphalaria snail crude antigens were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column, and each fraction antigen was tested with anti-S. mansoni egg sera by immunoelectrophoresis. As results, three fractions were collected form each snail strains. The common antigenicities between fractionated antigens from Biomphalaria snails crude antigens and anti-S. mansoni egg sera mostly existed in the first fraction and they were estimated to have molecular weights over 45,000.
Asunto(s)
Biomphalaria/inmunología , Epítopos/inmunología , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Animales , Biomphalaria/parasitología , Brasil , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Inmunoelectroforesis , Peso Molecular , Schistosoma mansoni/clasificación , Schistosoma mansoni/patogenicidad , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Immunoelectrophoretic studies on common antigens were carried out by using rabbits sera immunized against São Lourenço da Mata and Belo Horizonte strains of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms and antigens of Biomphalaria glabrata pigmented (Jaboatão--PE); B. glabrata albino (Belo Horizonte--MG) and B. straminea (São Lourenço da Mata, PE). Furthermore, the reverse approach was proceeded, namely, sera anti Biomphalaria snails produced in rabbits were tested against both strains of Schistosoma adult worm antigens. The analysis of the common antigens between the SLM strains of S. mansoni adult worm and B. glabrata pigmented showed 8 to 9 precipitin bands, 3 bands with B. glabrata albino and only 1 band with B. straminea crude extracts. On the other hand, the BH strain of S. mansoni adult worm antisera produced 6 to 7 bands with B. glabrata pigmented, 5 bands with B. glabrata albino and 1 band with B. straminea antigenic extract. Biomphalaria snails crude extracts were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 column and three fractions were collected from each snail strain. The fractions were tested with anti SLM and BH strains of S. mansoni adult worm sera by immunoelectrophoresis. The common antigens fractionated from Biomphalaria snails crude extracts and those found for both strains of S. mansoni adult worm mostly existed in the first fraction and they were estimated to have molecular weight over 158,000 daltons. In our laboratory, it was found a relationship between the antigenic similarities and experimental infection rates of S. mansoni towards Biomphalaria snails so that more bands were seen with increasing infection rates of S. mansoni.