RESUMEN
CAT was carried out in 110 patients with gastric carcinoma and its findings compared with the intraoperative findings. CAT involved a polypositional scanning (depending on the tumor site) against the background of oral contrast label of the stomach and intestine. CAT potentialities in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, assessment of the tumor size and involvement of the adjacent organs and structures, detection of the metastases were studied. Use of CAT in complex with other methods will help choose the optimal treatment strategy and determine the volume of supposed surgical intervention.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
In order to study the potentialities of computerized tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and assessment of its spreading, 107 patients (subsequently operated on) were investigated. CT of the colon was performed against a background of a contrast study per os, CT of the rectum was performed against a background of inserting a thin wall latex balloon and rated inflation of it with air. Comparison of the results of this investigation with operative findings led to a description of CT semeiotics of colorectal cancer, and a study of the signs of spreading to various organs and structures as well as of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes and liver. The use of CT for colorectal cancer in combination with other methods of examination helped choose the optimum therapeutic tactics and define the volume of operation.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Recto/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A pedagogical experiment was used to study the effectiveness of a system of program-purpose teaching in postgraduate training of radiologists differing from the classic methods aimed at end goals. A total of 150 pedagogical tests on 240 students using parallel and cross methods were performed. The use of the system of program-purpose teaching intensifies the physician's activities, increases the effectiveness of acquiring professional habits and their retention.
Asunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado en Medicina , Radiología/educación , Enseñanza , Evaluación Educacional , U.R.S.S.RESUMEN
The paper is devoted to the development of a system of program-oriented postgraduate education of radiologists based methodologically on acquiring professional knowledge and skills. Educational goals were adapted for each subject area. Matrix analysis and plotting of a logical structure graph were used for a choice of the final goals of education. The subject matter is in full accord with the educational goals, based upon the qualification characteristics of radiologists. The developed and published methodological materials make it possible to control the students' activities during extracurricular training and practical work in x-ray units and at seminars. Directed text control is used for the estimation of efficacy and correction of education.
Asunto(s)
Educación Médica Continua/organización & administración , Radiología/educación , Humanos , UcraniaRESUMEN
Quantitative microbiological examinations of the sputum allowed to establish the role of pneumococci and different bacterial associations in the development of acute pneumonia. The most typical were associations of Str. pneumoniae, staphylococci and neisseriae. The sensitivity of isolated pathogens is shown and recommendations on the use of most effective antibiotics are given. The indications to immunocorrective agents are outlined.
Asunto(s)
Neumonía/microbiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/inmunología , Esputo/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Sputum samples obtained from 106 patients with acute pneumonia have been studied by the quantitative microbiological method. Different microbial associations have been shown to play an important role in the development of acute pneumonia (67.9%). Microbiological studies have revealed the prevalence of pneumococci in the etiological structure of the disease. Staphylococci, hemophilic bacteria and Neisseria have been found to take part in the development of acute pneumonia in a lesser number of cases and more often occur in combination with pneumococci or form different associations themselves. The so-called "etiological" type of microbial associations has been determined, two or three microbial species being isolated at high concentrations (10(6) and over) and the percentage of patients with such combinations being 59.7 +/- 5.8%. The analysis of the clinical course of the disease has revealed that the presence of different microbial species in patients linked, to a great extent, with the clinical picture of the disease. These data may be used for prescribing adequate etiotropic therapy and for prognostication. Quantitative bacteriological studies carried out in the dynamics of the disease permit timely detection of changes in the microflora of the respiratory tracts, the evaluation of the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy in the process of its implementation and the rational correction of therapeutic measures.