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A comparative analysis of biochemical blood picture was made in 20 patients with osteoma of the paranasal sinuses before and after surgical treatment. A total of 17 tests characterizing metabolism and 680 biochemical examinations were made. Investigation of mineral and other kinds of metabolism may be important in diagnosis of osteomas, hyperostosis, exostosis and malignant tumors, determination of activity and tumor growth rate.

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Twelve blood plasma proteins were studied in 120 patients with isolated traumatic and nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage. At all stages of the study a marked imbalance of blood proteins occurred which was independent of the etiological factor. Patients with craniocerebral trauma exhibited the phenomenon of the atypical response manifesting with low concentration of acute-phase proteins. The levels of the complement component C5 and transferrin in patients with cerebral vascular aneurysm rupture are shown diagnostically significant while follow-up of blood transtiretin can show the trend in the metabolic processes in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in critical condition.

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Clinical and laboratory estimation of the efficacy of pectins in complex treatment of patients with intracranial hematoma was performed. It was shown that in the group of the patients treated with pectins vs the control group development of pyo-inflammatory infections was less frequent, the indices of the immunity status improved and a more rapid decrease of the intoxication and a more rapid normalization of the composition of various biotopes in the patients were observed.

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Acute erosive ulcerative hemorrhage (EUH) is one of the most grave complications of burn disease, caused by impaired blood rheology, clotting, and protein status. Twenty-three patients with burns of 12-70% body surface were examined, 17-25% of burns being deep. The most pronounced changes in blood rheology and clotting with formation of erythrocyte aggregations, fibrin precipitation and imbalance of visceral proteins were observed during the shock stage (days 1-3), particularly pronounced in patients with acute EUH. Development of septicotoxemia favored secondary increase in blood clotting and rheological parameters, which led to thrombotic complications. The data helped improve the complex of infusion-transfusion therapy for preventing and treating ulcerative and erosive lesions.

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The concentrations of positive (C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin) and negative (transtiretine, alpha 2-macroglobulin, transferrin) markers of acute phase response were measured in 55 victims with injuries to hollow organs on day 1 of hospitalization. By visual intraoperative evaluation of blood loss, the patients were divided in 2 groups: with blood loss under 1 liter (n = 32, group 1) and more than 1 liter (n = 23, group 2). Acute phase response was more manifest in group 1. Blood loss affected the levels of orosomucoid and haptoglobin, which is explained by functional characteristics of these blood proteins. Orosomucoid and haptoglobin tests were highly sensitive, specific, and accurate in evaluation of blood loss in patients with hollow organ wounds (87.5, 90, 89% and 80, 80, 80%, respectively). The content of these proteins equal to no more than 1 g/liter during the first day after the injury indicates blood loss higher than 1 liter with high probability.

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Changes in the levels of plasma proteins albumin, transtiretine, transferrin, C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were followed up in patients with acute cholecystitis. Acute-phase response develops in acute cholecystitis; its development is most accurately characterized by the concentrations of C-reactive protein. The content of this protein together with the concentrations of transtiretine, orosomucoid, and alpha 1-antitrypsin can be regarded as an indicator of the severity of inflammation of the gallbladder and helps predict the disease course and define the terms of an intervention by the least invasive methods of treatment.

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The effect of enkad on the development of chloroquine retinopathy in rabbits was studied by electron microscopy and electrophysiological methods. It is shown that subconjunctival enkade injection inhibits the development of a dystrophic process in the retina induced by intravitreous chloroquine administration.

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Appearance of dystrophic alterations in the retina was carried out by administering 0.2 ml 12 mM of tallium chloride solution into the vitreous humour of 9 rabbits. Electroretinographic examination revealed a decline in the b wave either decreasing 2-3 times or entirely disappearing as early as on day 2 after the administration of tallium chloride. Electron microscopic investigation suggested that photoreceptors of the retina were initial by involved in the pathological process. Namely, the external segments of the photoreceptors were found to be reduced, indicating impairment of the formation of photoreceptor disks, which is known to proceed continuously under normal conditions. In the absence of an electroretinogram (ERG), the photoreceptor layers were shown to have disappeared completely. An examination of 28 subjects who were exposed to tallium and its compound at work revealed impaired retinal electrogenesis, as evident from subnormal ERG responses. This was of a functional nature and became more pronounced as occupational exposure time increased. The fact that the internal retinal layers and the 3-rd neurone remained intact, as suggested by the electrical sensitivity of the eye and lability of the optic nerve as well as by static perimetry, correlated with the EM findings obtained in experiments. Ophthalmobiomicroscopic examination of 12 eyes yielded data on characteristic changes in the lens when visual functions remained intact. These findings suggest that changes in the ERG may be indicative of initial preclinical symptoms of tallium intoxication and as such can be used when persons exposed to it in industry receive check-ups.

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Dynamics of free amino acid utilization by isogenic strains of Escherichia coli differing in intensity of their growth and levels of penicillin acylase biosynthesis in media containing corn steep liquor or peptone was studied. It was shown that in both the media some amino acids such as serine, threonine, glutaminic and asparaginic acids were actively utilized by the strains mainly during the culture intensive growth while others such as glycine, alanine and tyrosine were actively utilized during the enzyme biosynthesis. Intensively utilized arginine and proline were probably used for the growth and biosynthesis. The other amino acids were not utilized completely from the media. The lowest levels of their utilization were observed when the strains were cultivated in the medium with peptone.

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The influence of chloroquine on lipid peroxidation in rat and rabbit retinas has been studied. Chloroquine retinopathy is not followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant ionol does not prevent the drug effect. Chloroquine has an inhibitory action on induced lipid peroxidation.

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The influence of chloroquine on protein synthesis in rabbit retina has been studied. It is shown that chloroquine inhibits rhodopsin synthesis and the renewal of rod outer segment membranes.

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It has been shown that intraocular lenses (IOL) prepared from polymethylmethacrylate and silicon let pass the light of short-wave visible and long-wave spectrum regions. Unlike natural lens, IOL have no yellowish coloration, which results in the appearance of chromatic aberrations and brightness of IOL during implantation. Mechanisms of damaging effects of visible light on the retina were studied. It has been shown that a week after the rat eyes were illuminated the waves "a" and "b" ERG were inhibited. At the ultrastructural level damage of the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium and of the retinal layers formed by photoreceptor cells took place. Dynamics of the damage of tissue structures of the retina by visible light was investigated. It is suggested that application of colored lenses and prophylaxis by the inhibitors of free radical oxidation will protect the retina from photochemical damage.

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Comparative electron microscopic, electrophysiological and biochemical studies of thioridazine influence on lipid peroxidation in vivo (rats, rabbits) and in vitro (model systems) were performed. It was shown that thioridazine retinopathy was not followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant (dibunol) failed to protect the retina against the destructive action of thioridazine. Moreover, thioridazine inhibited lipid peroxidation in model system.

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The paper presents the results of comparative electron microscopic, electrophysiological and biochemical studies of chloroquine effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO) both in vitro and in vivo (rabbits and rats). It has been shown that the progress of chloroquine retinopathy was not accompanied by the increment of the initial LPO level, and the use of ionol antioxidant did not protect the retina from the adverse effect of chloroquine. Besides, chloroquine was shown to suppress LPO in vitro. The results obtained substantiate the idea that LPO is not the primary mechanism in chloroquine retinopathy.

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Chloroquine retinopathy in rats and cats was studied (in long-term experiments on rats the drug was injected into the stomach). We observed the slow development of the pathological process, accompanied by the appearance of membrane inclusions in GC, structural alterations in the RPE, and after 10 months complete destruction of the outer segments of the photoreceptors. In experiments on cats, after a single intravitreous chloroquine injection destruction of the photoreceptors, similar to that observed in rats, was found 2 weeks after the injection. In the region of tapetum nigrum containing melanin photoreceptors were safe. These data suggest the protective effect of melanin on the process of chloroquine retinopathy.

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