RESUMEN

In vitro experiments were performed on smooth-muscle strips cut out in longitudinal and circular direction from the colon of Hirschsprung's patients who underwent an operation and from patients operated on for tumors of the sigmoid colon and rectum, serving as controls. The changes in the contractile activity of the smooth-muscle strips after carbachol applied cumulatively were examined and dose-response curves were plotted. The EC50 values for the circular strips from the aganglionic part of the colon were 6 x 10(-7) M in Hirschsprung's patients and 3.7 x 10(-8) M in control patients: the pD2 values were 6.23 and 7.43, respectively. This showed that the affinity of cholinoreceptors in the aganglionic part of the colon for carbachol was 16 times lower in Hirschsprung's patients as compared to control patients. The EC50 values for longitudinal strips from the ganglionic part of the colon were 2.6 x 10(-7) M in Hirschsprung's patients and 4 x 10(-8) M in control patients; pD2 values were 6.6 and 7.4, respectively. The affinity of cholinoreceptors in the smooth muscle of the ganglionic part of the colon for carbachol was also decreased (nearly 6.5 times) in Hirschsprung's patients as compared to controls.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of Peutz--Jeghers's syndrome in childhood are discussed and a case reported in a eight-year-old girl. The disease presented with skin and mucosal melanin pigmentation in the mouth, frequent colic-like abdominal pain, due to chronic recurrent invaginations. On operation, the cause of the invaginations appeared to be 11 polypous formations in small intestines (8) and in the large intestines (3), which were subjected to radical operative removal. For an observation period the child had no complaints and was clinically healthy.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Germinative-cell tumors are the most common tumors of the testis in children. For a period of 15 years (1975-1989) the authors have observed 12 children with these tumors. Leading symptoms in all children was a gradual painless enlargement of one testis; the symptomatic hydrocele may delay the correct diagnosis for several months. In young children the mothers noticed the testicular changes earlier, while in older children the diagnosis was delayed. Three quarters of the tumors were in the left testis, seldom in the right and still more seldom bilaterally. Diagnostic methods were applied mostly when metastases or recurrence were suspected; most common were computer tomography and lymphography. The most common benign testicular tumors were the mature teratomas and malignant--endodermal sinus tumors. The modern operative approach to these patients is emphasized: radical orchiectomy with pre- and postoperative determination of AMP levels, periodic control computer tomography and echography of the retroperitoneum and thorax with 2-year observation in stage I and modified lymphadenectomy in stage II. As a result of the complex surgical and oncologic therapy, the late results were good in 7 children, 2 died and 3 were lost from control.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Teratogenic tumors are characteristic for childhood. For a period of 15 years the authors have observed 12 children with retroperitoneal and pelvic-presacral localization of teratogenic tumors. They were most common in girls under one year of age. The clinical symptoms, the methods applied for diagnosis are analysed; the diagnostic importance of rectal digital examination, inferior venacavography and especially of computer tomography is emphasized. Radical removal of the tumor was performed in 11 children and biopsy in 1. The most convenient operative access to pelvic-presacral-retroperitoneal tumors is a one-step double access (abdomino-sacrococcygeal). As a result of complex treatment--surgical and chemotherapy--the postoperative results were good in 9 children.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Two cases of primary tumors of the stomach in children (7 and 10 years of age) are reported. One of them had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the other hamartoma, both radically operated. In the former case subtotal resection of the stomach was made followed by polychemotherapy. For an observation period of one year there was no evidence of recurrence or metastases of the neoplastic process. The incidence, histologic characteristics, clinical course, diagnostic and therapeutic problems in tumors of the stomach in children, with special reference to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hamartoma, are discussed.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The distribution of substance P-, methionine-enkephalin-, somatostatin- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive nerve elements in Hirschsprung's disease was studied. It was compared to the distribution of the comparable nerve elements in the sigmoid colon and rectum of control children. A reduction of substance P-, methionine-enkephalin- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive fibers as well as a higher density of somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers were found in the aganglionic segment in Hirschsprung gut as compared to those in the ganglionic segment in Hirschsprung children and the large bowel in control children. The changes in the density of peptide- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive fibers suggest the participation of different transmitters or transmitter candidates in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A method of organ-preserving operations in children with injured spleen with the use of glue is described. The method is recommended for a wider use in child surgery.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)