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INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: El mayor uso de imágenes diagnósticas, ha implicado un aumento en el diagnóstico de lesionestumorales renales de menor tamaño, llevando al desarrollo de técnicas quirúrgicas conservadoras de parenquimarenal. Series internacionales han demostrado que los resultados oncológicos de este tipo de cirugía son similares a la nefrectomía radical. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la experiencia y resultados oncológicos de la cirugía conservadora deparenquima renal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, de las nefrectomías parciales y tumorectomías realizadas entre Enero del año 2002 y Junio del año 2013, en el Hospital Clínico Regional de Valdivia. RESULTADOS: 50 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía renal conservadora, con 51 cirugías realizadas. 26 corresponden a sexo masculino y 24 a sexo femenino; promedio de edad de 58,2 años. De las cirugías realizadas veinte correspondieron a nefrectomías parciales, contamaño tumoral promedio de 4,3 cms. (2-7 cms.) y 31 a tumorectomías, con tamaño tumoral promedio de 2,5 cms. (1-6,1cms.). Del total de los tumores resecados, ocho (26%) fueron informados como tumores benignos y 43 (84%) corresponden a adenocarcinomas; 41 (95%) corresponden a la variante células claras y solo dos a variante de células cromofobas. Lasbiopsias rápidas están todas entre 1-2 mm de tejido sano como margen, y todas fueron negativas para tumor. La biopsiadiferida, informo cuatro márgenes positivos para tumor. De estas, tres fueron a re-cirugía cuyas biopsias fueron negativaspara tumor. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 51,1 meses, con una sobrevida actuarial a los diez años cercana al70% y una sobrevida específica a los diez años cercana al 95%...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The increased use of diagnostic imaging, has involved an increase in the diagnosis ofsmaller tumor lesions, taking the development of conservative surgical techniques of renal parenchyma. Internationalseries have shown that cancer results from this type of surgery are similar to radical nephrectomy. Our goal is to show the experience and oncological results of renal parenchymal sparing surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective studyof tumorectomies and partial nephrectomies performed between January 2002 and June 2013, at the Regional Hospital ofValdivia. RESULTS: 50 patients underwent renal sparing surgery, with 51 surgeries performed. 26 are male and 24 female,average age of 58.2 years old. Of the surgeries performed, twenty were partial nephrectomy, with average tumor size of4.3 cm. (2-7 cms.) and 31 tumorectomies, with average tumor size of 2.5 cm. (1-6.1 cms.). Of all resected tumors, eight (26%)were reported as benign and 43 (84%) were adenocarcinomas, 41 (95%) were clear cell variant and only two chromophobecell variant. Quick biopsies are all 1-2 mm of healthy tissue margin, and all were negative for tumor. The deferred biopsy,reported four positive tumor margins. Of these, three went to re-surgery, whose biopsies were negative for tumor. The average follow-up time was 51.1 months, with an actuarial survival at ten years about 70% and a specific survival at ten years was approximately 95%...

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This investigation deals with the characterization carried out in zones around two pipeline pumping stations and one pipeline right-of-way in the north of Mexico. In particular those areas where contamination was evaluated: (a) south area of the separation ditch in the Avalos station, (b) the area between the separation ditch at the Avalos station, (c) km 194+420 of the Moctuzma station, and (d) km 286+900 in the Candelaria station. Results of this investigation showed that only four samples showed TPH values higher than the Mexican limit for 2004: AVA 1B, with 21,191 mg kg(-1); AVA 1C, with 9348 mg kg(-1); AVA 2B, with 13,970 mg kg(-1); and MOC 2A, with 4108 mg kg(-1).None of the sampled points showed the presence of PAHs at values higher than those found in the Mexican or American legislations. PAH were detected in the range of 0.0004 and 13.05 mg kg(-1).It is suggested to implement surfactant soil washing as a remediation technique for the approximately 600 m(3) that need to be treated.

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A phagosome-lysosome (PL) fusion was performed in vitro using peritoneal cells from normal BALB/c mice and the J774.2 macrophage cell line infected with the yeast phase of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum at ratios of 5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(6) or 1 x 10(7) yeasts per 1 x 10(6) macrophages, and phagocytosis was allowed to proceed for 5, 30 and 60 min. Macrophage lysosomes were pre-labelled with acridine orange and the cells were challenged with the parasite. Fusion was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and the number of macrophages with stained yeast cells was scored. The phagolysosome fusion frequency (PLFF) was calculated by subtracting the specific fusions of infected macrophages from the non-specific fusions of uninfected macrophages and normalizing the total number of bound yeasts. The PLFF was determined using different doses and strains of H. capsulatum. Results showed that PLFF in infected macrophages depends on the infection dose. Inhibition of PL fusion was detected mainly at a high infection ratio (1 x 10(7) yeasts/1 x 10(6) macrophages), and PL fusion varied with phagocytosis time. No significant differences were observed in the fusions when different Histoplasma strains were used. Results with J774.2 cells were similar to peritoneal cells, indicating that both methodology and fusion calculations employed were useful, in spite of the heterogeneity of macrophage populations used.

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