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PURPOSE: To introduce an augmented reality (AR) application for students, patients, and practitioners to use to visualize a maxillectomy defect, the associated obturator prosthesis, and the eventual effects on the patient's facial appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various 3D virtual models related to maxillectomy defects and their prosthetic rehabilitations were used to illustrate the handheld AR application. The AR "scene" was created using Vuforia and Unity3D software. Within this scene, 3D virtual models were linked to the target image by detecting a symbol track marker. The final file was saved as an installable application and exported for Android smart devices. RESULTS: The target image containing the maxillectomy defect and the prosthetic rehabilitation were successfully visualized interactively in 3D mode using the handheld AR maxillofacial prosthetic application. CONCLUSION: An AR application for visualizing maxillofacial prosthetic data could interestingly be developed as a pedagogic tool to explain prosthetic treatments.
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Realidad Aumentada , Implantes Dentales , Humanos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) technology that can combine computer-generated images with a real scene has been reported in the medical field recently. We devised the AR system for evaluation of improvements of the body surface, which is important for plastic surgery. METHODS: We constructed an AR system that is easy to modify by combining existing devices and free software. We superimposed the 3-dimensional images of the body surface and the bone (obtained from VECTRA H1 and CT) onto the actual surgical field by Moverio BT-200 smart glasses and evaluated improvements of the body surface in 8 cases. RESULTS: In all cases, the 3D image was successfully projected on the surgical field. Improvement of the display method of the 3D image made it easier to distinguish the different shapes in the 3D image and surgical field, making comparison easier. In a patient with fibrous dysplasia, the symmetrized body surface image was useful for confirming improvement of the real body surface. In a patient with complex facial fracture, the simulated bone image was useful as a reference for reduction. In a patient with an osteoma of the forehead, simultaneously displayed images of the body surface and the bone made it easier to understand these positional relationships. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that AR technology is helpful for evaluation of the body surface in several clinical applications. Our findings are not only useful for body surface evaluation but also for effective utilization of AR technology in the field of plastic surgery.
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OBJECTIVE: When fractured, zygomas rotate and dislocate. The present study quantitatively elucidates the pattern of the rotation. METHODS: 50 patients with tri-pod-type zygoma fractures were involved in this study. After defining a 3-dimensional coordinate system--consisting of the M-L axis (the axis directed from the medial to lateral side of the skull), I-S axis (directed from the inferior to superior side), and P-A axis (directed from the posterior to anterior side), the degree with which the fractured zygomas rotated around each of these axes was measured using 3-dimensional graphic software. Thereafter, the tendency of the rotation was compared between the three rotational axes. RESULTS: Rotation around the I-S axis was the most frequent with a 96% incidence, followed by a substantial margin by rotation around the M-L axis with a 26% incidence; rotation around the P-A axis was rare, with an incidence of 10%. Furthermore, the degree of P-A axis rotation was minor compared to I-S and M-L axis rotations. CONCLUSION: The main factor of zygoma dislocation in zygoma fracture is rotation around the I-S axis. This finding is helpful for effective performance to reposition fractured zygomas.
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Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico , Fracturas Cigomáticas/diagnóstico , Accidentes por Caídas , Accidentes de Tránsito , Adulto , Traumatismos en Atletas/diagnóstico , Simulación por Computador , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rotación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , ViolenciaRESUMEN
The present study aims to elucidate the relationship between preoperative deviation patterns of fractured zygomas and treatment outcomes. Forty-five randomly selected patients with tri-pod type zygoma fractures were classified into a medial rotation group and a lateral rotation group, depending on preoperative deviation patterns. A minimum of 6 months after the operation, symmetry of the cheek was evaluated by three plastic surgeons using a VAS system. The evaluated scores were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, simulation of postoperative secondary deformity was performed by applying hypothetically defined relapse forces on CAD models produced by referring to the CT data of 20 patients. The deviation values obtained by the simulation were compared between the two groups. The results demonstrate that VAS scores were higher for the lateral rotation group than for the medial rotation group and that the deviation values were higher for the medial rotation group than for the lateral rotation group. It is concluded that treatment outcomes of zygoma fractures are affected by preoperative deviation patterns. Cases with medial rotation are likely to present poorer outcomes than those with lateral rotation.