RESUMEN
The objective of changing the simple exploitation of fish stocks to highly efficient fish farms in lakes and reservoirs is to improve the productivity of inland freshwater fish. The small- and medium-sized lakes can be used to increase the production of farmed fish with lake management. Therefore, this study proposed to investigate the production and economic efficiency of carp in lake commercial fish farms. In this investigation, the results of carp farming experiments in fish farms in small lake commercial fish farms (LCFF) are evaluated using advanced methods and techniques. The research was carried out based on the Voroshilovsky reservoir, which operated in the LCFF mode. The farm had hatchery and carp fry ponds for expanding fingerlings based on the "Scientific and production center of fishery" LLP from 2019 to 2020. This study was performed on different types of common carp and herbivorous fish (grass and silver carp), and sexual products were collected in fried ponds and the Voroshilovsky reservoir. The absolute growth gain of common carp, silver carp, and grass carp were 301.00, 300.40, and 577.00 grams, respectively, and their mean daily weight gain values were 2.50, 2.50, and 4.80 grams. Common carp recorded the highest level of planned fish productivity (169.30 kg/ha), and the lowest level of this trait was grass carp (43.50 kg/ha). Data of mean weight and body length of common carp, grass carp, and silver carp fishes showed a variation of 4.55 kg and 56.25 cm, 6.06 kg and 75.50 cm, as well as 6.30 Kg and 75.05 cm, respectively. This difference can be justified according to the variance of fish length, which on average, 80 grams of weight is obtained per centimeter of fish length. The economic efficiency of carp was calculated, and the net profit was determined at more than 50% of total income. According to the net profit indicator, due to the implementation of a part of the fingerlings, the carp reared in the pond area; as a result, this method is profitable and accounts for 104% of the total planned economic profit. Therefore, fish production from aquaculture can rise to 10 times to maintain high-quality food security and other essential nutrients, provide job opportunities, and cash income to help job-seeking youth.
Asunto(s)
Carpas , Animales , Acuicultura , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Kazajstán , LagosRESUMEN
The genetic differentiation of two populations of Balkhash perch Perca schrenki Kessler, 1874 was examined. The study included (1) the population of Lake Balkhash and the Ili River delta, where this species is protected and it is prohibited to catch them and (2) the population of Alakol Lake system, where it is the main commercial species and forms two morphotypes--pelagic and coastal. Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene and. six microsatellite loci revealed genetic differentiation at the population level, while no statistically significant differences were found at the morphotype level. The results of this study make it possible with high probability to determine the belonging of caught fish to either the commercial (Alakol Lake system) or protected (Lake Balkhash) population.
Asunto(s)
ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Variación Genética , Percas/genética , Animales , Kazajstán , LagosRESUMEN
The genetic polymorphism of the pike perch Sander lucioperca, sampled on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Lake Balkhash, Urals River, Syrdarya River and Shardara water reservoir, North Aral Sea) and in the Volga River, and the bersh Sandler volgensis (Lake Balkhash, Volga River) populations was examined at six microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA cytochirome b gene. All examined loci were successfully amplified in both species and produced quite different allele profiles, whichallows them to be used for accurate species identification of pike perch and bersh. At the same time, neither nuclear nor mitochondrial markers revealed statistically significant differentiation betweenthe examined pike perch samples, excluding some isolation of the population from Volga River.