RESUMEN
Fucoidans are a group of homo-and hetero-polysaccharides, which necessarily contains residues of sulfated α-L-fucose. Fucoidans are found only in brown algae. These polysaccharides exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity and have a great therapeutic potential. Enzymes capable of catalyzing the degradation of fucoidans are absent in the mammalian enzyme system. The question arises: is the transformation of fucoidan in mammals, particularly in human possible? Studies in vivo (in situ) and in vitro have demonstrated that high molecular weight fucoidans are absorbed across rat intestinal epithelial cells, accumulated by liver macrophages, and characterized by low levels in blood and urine. Using the example of the Okinawa Prefecture (Japan) residents, it was shown that Cladosiphon okamuranus alga is digested and the fucoidan contained in this alga is absorbed in the human body.
Asunto(s)
Phaeophyceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Animales , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Humanos , Absorción Intestinal , Hígado , Macrófagos , Metaboloma , Peso Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/sangre , Extractos Vegetales/orina , Polisacáridos/sangre , Polisacáridos/orinaRESUMEN
The review summarizes results of studies of effects of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed on herpesviruses and the course of herpesvirus infections. Importance of this problem is determined by the prevalence of herpesviruses that can persist in the human body and demonstrate a high degree of immune mimicry and resistance to antiviral agents. A wide range of physiological action of sulfated polysaccharides, receptor agonists of innate and adaptive immune cells, which possess potent antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, open the possibility of their use for creation of new generation pharmacological substances and agents with associated activity for the treatment of herpesvirus infections.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antivirales/farmacología , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpesviridae/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Algas Marinas/química , Animales , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The effect of sulfated polysaccharides (PS) from brown alga Fucus evanescens and their enzymatic transformation and low molecular weight product on the functional activity of the innate immunity cells, i.e. polymorphonuclear leukocytes of human peripheral blood (NF) was comparatively studied. The in vitro NF contact with PS resulted in significant changes in the functional activity of NF, evident from higher density of molecules CD69, CD14, CD11b on the cell membranes with simultaneous lowering of that of CD62L and increased phagocytic and bactericidal activity of NF. The low molecular weight product resulting from fucoidan transformation with fucoidanases showed a higher effect on the level of the molecules CD14, CD11b and CD62L expression vs. the high molecular weight PS.
Asunto(s)
Fucus/química , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Antígeno CD11c/genética , Antígeno CD11c/inmunología , Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Selectina L/genética , Selectina L/inmunología , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Lectinas Tipo C/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/citología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/genética , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/inmunología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Cultivo Primario de Células , Sulfatos/químicaRESUMEN
The antithrombotic and hemorrhagic activities of fucoidan with molecular weight within 20 - 40 kD isolation from Fucus evanescens seaweed have been investigated. The antithrombin activity of fucoidan is 41 +/- 9 aIIa IU/mg and the anti-factor Oà activity is 38 +/- 8 aOà IU/mg. The antithrombin and anti-factor Oà activities of plasma, antithrombotic activity (100% prevention of formation of a blood clot observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg), and hemorrhagic activity (to a lesser degree, than that of unfractionated heparin in comparable antithrombotic activity doses) increase as the doses of fucoidan increases from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg at intravenous injection in rats.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Antitrombinas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores del Factor Xa , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Trombina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Trombosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Anticoagulantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antitrombinas/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Fucus/química , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Trombosis/patologíaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: The search for the substances sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic agents is a task of high importance in the modern strategy of anticancer therapy. THE AIM of the study was to investigate the apoptogenic and apoptosis-modulating activities of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) isolated from far-eastern brown seaweeds Fucus evanescens in two human malignant lymphoid cell lines, MT-4 and Namalwa. METHODS: Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and quantified by flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide. Caspase-3 activation was assayed by flow cytometry with the aid of labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The fucoidan at 500 microg/ml was not cytotoxic in MT-4 or Namalwa cells even in the setting of long-term presence in culture medium up to 14 days. Nevertheless, pretreatment of MT-4 but not Namalwa cells with fucoidan followed by the exposure to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide led to about two-fold increase in the relative apoptotic index as compared with etoposide alone. Apoptosis enhancement of MT-4 cells by fucoidan was not accompanied by further increase in the number of the cells with active form of caspase-3. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate for the first time that fucoidan enhances etoposide induced caspase-dependent cell death pathway in MT-4 but not Namalwa cell line. The mechanisms of such enhancement do not seem to be related directly to caspase-3 activation.