RESUMEN
Additive manufacturing (AM) comes in various types of technologies and comparing it with traditional fabrication methods provides the possibility of producing complex geometric parts directly from Computer-Aided Designs (CAD). Despite answering challenges such as poor workability and the need for tooling, the anisotropy of AM constructions is the most serious issue encountered by their application in industry. In order to enhance the microstructure and functional behavior of additively fabricated samples, post-processing treatments have gained extensive attention. The aim of this research is to provide critical, comprehensive, and objective methods, parameters and results' synthesis for post-processing treatments applied to AM builds obtained by 3D printing technologies. Different conditions for post-processing treatments adapted to AM processes were explored in this review, and demonstrated efficiency and quality enhancement of parts. Therefore, the collected results show that mechanical characteristics (stress state, bending stress, impact strength, hardness, fatigue) have undergone significant improvements for 3D composite polymers, copper-enhanced and aluminum-enhanced polymers, shape memory alloys, high-entropy alloys, and stainless steels. However, for obtaining a better mechanical performance, the research papers analyzed revealed the crucial role of related physical characteristics: crystallinity, viscosity, processability, dynamic stability, reactivity, heat deflection temperature, and microstructural structure.
RESUMEN
Composites made from fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are a crucial and highly adaptable category of materials widely utilized in numerous fields. Their flexibility and the range of criteria for classification enable the creation of tailored solutions to address distinct requirements in sectors such as civil engineering, aerospace, automotive, and marine, among others. The distinguishing characteristics of FRP composites include the type of reinforcing fiber used, the composition of the matrix material, the employed manufacturing process, the orientation of the fibers, and the specific end-use application. These classification variables offer engineers a versatile structure to determine and select the most appropriate materials and production techniques for their specific needs. Furthermore, the present study aims to reunite the criteria of classification for FRPs and specific manufacturing technologies of FRPs, such as conventional ones (matched die molding, contact molding), automated ones (filament winding, tape lay-up, and fiber placement), and advanced ones (electrospinning and additive manufacturing),with the chronological development of FRPs, insights on material characteristics, and comprehensive design guidelines based on their behavior in different environments of use.