RESUMEN
Comparative analysis covered national and foreign criteria and methodic approaches to evaluation of hearing disorders due to noise exposure. Ways to improve these criteria and approaches are suggested, also in aim to harmonize them with the foreign ones.
Asunto(s)
Clasificación/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Otológico/normas , Trastornos de la Audición , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Trastornos de la Audición/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Audición/etiología , Trastornos de la Audición/fisiopatología , Trastornos de la Audición/prevención & control , Humanos , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Métodos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Federación de Rusia , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Findings are that annual incidence of neurosensory deafness in Russia equals at most 0.06% of workers exposed to increased noise level at work and fails to demonstrate actual occupational risk of noise related diseases. The author proved that low level of neurosensory deafness diagnosis is caused not only by insatisfactory quality of periodic medical examinations, but also by psychosocial factors as fear of losing the job and negative attitude of social groups to people with impaired hearing. Essential arterial hypertension appeared to be highly prevelent among civil aviation crew members with neurosensory deafness.
Asunto(s)
Aviación , Sordera/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/complicaciones , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/efectos adversos , Ajuste Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Sordera/epidemiología , Sordera/psicología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/psicología , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The authors designed a complex of informative criteria for diagnosis and medical examination of occupational neurosensory deafness, in order to objectively form risk groups of ear diseases. The article deals with justified adequate therapeutic and prophylactic recommendations on primary and secondary prevention, that enable better quality of preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to occupational noise.
Asunto(s)
Industria Química/estadística & datos numéricos , Testimonio de Experto , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/prevención & control , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Petróleo , Adulto , Audiometría , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Ruido/efectos adversos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The authors analyzed how noise level, work intensity and hardiness are related to prevalence of occupational hearing disorders. Findings are that increased hardiness and intensity of the work result in more frequent signs of occupationally induced hearing problems including neurosensory deafness.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Ruido/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Polling technique helped to study importance of industrial and nonindustrial noise for able-bodied humans, influence of the noise on health and general feeling. The authors demonstrated increased share of working population exposed constantly to intensive noise at work, or at the house, or both. Finding was strong correlation between presence of noise at workplace and general feeling of the worker, high value of harm produced by industrial and household noise in individuals with impaired hearing.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Ambientales/epidemiología , Ruido/efectos adversos , Salud Laboral , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The author analyzed occupational hearing disorders through its dynamics, industry-wise peculiarities and place in occupational morbidity in Russian Federation over 2002-2007. Over this period neurosensory deafness was diagnosed in representatives of 329 occupations, mostly in aviation workers, underground workers, stationary machine and device operators, automobile transport workers. With average incidence of new cases at nearly 1,500 per year, actual level of neurosensory deafness morbidity corresponds to 0,005% maximal risk of occupational hearing disturbance.
Asunto(s)
Sordera/epidemiología , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Sordera/etiología , Humanos , Morbilidad/tendencias , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The article represents materials on prevention of occupational deafness--one of the most prevalent occupational entities.
Asunto(s)
Sordera/prevención & control , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/prevención & control , Medicina del Trabajo/normas , Sordera/epidemiología , Sordera/etiología , Humanos , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/efectos adversos , Medicina del Trabajo/métodos , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Based on analysis of occupational examination results for patients with occupational neuro-sensory deafness, the authors necessitate unification of approaches to elaboration of work recommendations considering degree of deafness due to occupational noise and other hazards, because these recommendations serve as a basis for occupational experts to estimate degree of persistent disablement.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The authors analyze completeness and reliability of State statistics exemplified by occupational deafness. Cochlear neuritis morbidity appears to change unfavorably. For calculation of the necessary parameters, the authors suggest a rational method considering only number of those working in noisy conditions, but not the total number. The results appear more objective, that is essential for adequate evaluation of occupational deafness risk for main industries and occupations exposed to noise, in order to manage this risks effectively.