RESUMEN
Background: Self-learning (SL) is a process in which individuals take the initiative to acquire knowledge with or without the help of others. Knowledge about herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) is important for pharmacists. Unfortunately, there is limited coverage of topics relating to HDS in the pharmacy curricula. The present focus group study applies the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore pharmacy students' practices and beliefs regarding SL about HDS (SL-HDS). Methods: Focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted between April and May 2019 among a sample of undergraduate pharmacy students at a public university (n = 20). Four FGI sessions were conducted, each lasting about 60 to 75 min, and all the sessions were audio-recorded. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis. Results: Beliefs about SL-HDS were categorised into 12 domains based on the TDF. Students showed positive attitudes towards SL-HDS and agreed that their involvement in SL-HDS was instrumental in improving their knowledge about various aspects of HDS including indications, adverse effects, and HDS-drug interactions. Various facilitators and barriers influencing students' participation in SL-HDS were uncovered (e.g., access to the internet, time, availability of reference resources). The students demanded to be equipped with critical appraisal skills, as they had limited confidence in assessing literature or information about HDS. Conclusion: This study revealed that the students saw the benefits of SL-HDS. They also perceived that engaging in SL-HDS is compatible with the role of pharmacy students. The findings showed students' readiness and willingness to conduct SL-HDS.
Asunto(s)
Educación en Farmacia , Estudiantes de Farmacia , Curriculum , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , FarmacéuticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Medication-related problems (MRPs) are the undesirable effects of pharmacotherapy that can potentially lead to harm. The epidemiology of MRPs in paediatric renal patients is unknown. We aimed to characterise MRPs in this population at two tertiary care hospitals in the UK. METHODS: Prescription charts for children (≤18 years) were reviewed to identify MRPs, and characterised using a specific proforma with a standard operational definition. MRP predictors were evaluated by logistic regression and severity was assessed using a validated scale. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-seven MRPs were identified from 266 prescription chart reviews. The incidence was 51.2 % (203 MRPs, 166 charts; 95 % CI 43.2-60.6 %) of hospitalised patients and 32 % (64 MRPs, 100 charts; 95 % CI 22.9-41.1 %) in outpatients. The number of prescribed medications was the only independent predictor during inpatient treatment (OR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.02-1.10, p = 0.002) with no significant predictors identified at outpatient clinics. The severity level of the MRPs was minor: 53.9 %, (144 out of 267); or moderate: 46.1 %, (123 out of 267). Sub-optimal drug effect was the predominant MRP (inpatient: 68 %; outpatient: 39 %). Prescribing error and patients' medicine-taking behaviour were the main contributory factors. The majority of the MRPs in the inpatient setting were resolved. CONCLUSION: Many factors are associated with MRPs in children; the associations are cumulative and interdependent. Investment in preventive strategies and extending the support from the acute health care setting into the community are invaluable for optimising pharmacotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/epidemiología , Enfermedades Renales/complicaciones , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Centros de Atención Terciaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Drug therapies in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are complex and specialised and have a high potential for drug-related problem (DRP). In adult CKD populations, the identification and resolution of DRP has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease management, adherence and knowledge of treatment, patient's quality of life, hospitalisation rate and length of stay and cost to the healthcare system. The focus of this article is the review of published studies on DRP in children with CKD. There is a lack of information on the epidemiology of DRP in this patient group, and research in this area is therefore needed to better understand and manage DRP in children with CKD.