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ABSTRACT The present work aims to evaluate anticancer performance of Cassia alata methanolic leaf extracts (CMLE) in ethyl carbamate-stimulated lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) in differentiation to the function of Cisplatin (CIPL). Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control (CONT), (2) lung-adenocarcinoma (LAD) injected intra-peritoneally with 1g/kg ethyl carbamate once weekly for a month, (3) LAD+CMLE administered 500 mg/kg CMLE orally for the last two months of the experiment, and (4) LAD+CIPL treated group, injected 2.5 mg/kg Cisplatin intraperitoneally once weekly for the last two months of the experiment. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed adenocarcinoma development in terminal bronchiole besides some histopathological changes in the LAD group such as atypical, exaggerated collagen fibers, increment of mucinous content, and increasing of PCNA positive immunoreactivity whereas electron microscopy investigation exposed that papillary adenocarcinoma originated from Clara cells in the LAD group. The LAD+CMLE treated group showed no tumor masses and nearly all with normal lung histology. It also recovered the normal ultrastructure of bronchiolar Clara cells. CMLE treatment offers a new alternative cure with less toxicity than Cisplatin for lung cancer therapy. Hence, CMLE would be employed as a novel supply of anti-cancer compounds combating lung cancer.
RESUMO O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho anticâncer dos extratos metanólicos das folhas de Cassia alata (CMLE) em adenocarcinoma pulmonar estimulado por carbamato de etila (LAD) em diferenciação com a função da cisplatina (CIPL). Os ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos: (1) controle (CONT), (2) adenocarcinoma de pulmão (LAD) injetado intraperitonealmente com 1g/kg de carbamato de etila uma vez por semana durante um mês, (3) LAD+CMLE administrado 500 mg/kg de CMLE por via oral nos últimos dois meses do experimento e (4) grupo tratado com LAD+CIPL, injetado 2,5 mg/kg de cisplatina intraperitonealmente uma vez por semana nos últimos dois meses do experimento. Os exames de microscopia de luz e eletrônica revelaram o desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma no bronquíolo terminal, além de algumas alterações histopatológicas no grupo LAD, como fibras de colágeno atípicas exageradas, aumento do conteúdo mucinoso e aumento da imunorreatividade positiva para PCNA, enquanto a investigação de microscopia eletrônica revelou que o adenocarcinoma papilar se originou das células Clara no grupo LAD. O grupo tratado com LAD+CMLE não apresentou massas tumorais e quase apresentou histologia pulmonar normal. Ele também recuperou a ultraestrutura normal das células de Clara bronquiolares. O tratamento com CMLE oferece uma nova alternativa de cura com menos toxicidade do que a cisplatina para a terapia do câncer de pulmão. Portanto, o CMLE seria empregado como um novo suprimento de compostos anticancerígenos para combater o câncer de pulmão.
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Investigations into LDH-A and DR-D4 genes polymorphism, neurotransmitter values and cytogenetic indices of 3 sexed pigeon breeds; non-racing pigeons, (wild rock), racing long distances pigeons (Jan Aarden) and racing short distances pigeons (Janssen) have been performed. The long-distances pigeon showed the highest brain neurotransmitters concentration (p<0.001) among pigeon breeds. Both LDH-A and DR-D4 genes polymorphism indicate the presence of different biodiversity values among pigeon breeds. The variations appeared on the position length 389bp for LDH-A polymorphism, and on two positions length of 418bp and 524bp for DR-D4 polymorphism of long distances male pigeon indicate the presence of unique diversity and overall differences in the amino acids structure in this breed. The protein sequence of both genes showed that in the position of 60 for LDH-A gene the amino acid K (lys) was converted to E (glu), while, in the positions of 117 and 153 for DR-D4 gene the amino acid R (arg) and L (leu) were converted to S (ser) and F (phe) only in long distances male pigeon compared to the other breeds. Moreover, there were slight differences in cytogenetic indices detected among the three pigeon breeds. It can be concluded that both DR-D4 and LDH-A genes polymorphism and neurotransmitters estimations in the brain tissue of racing pigeon would be useful indices for the differentiation and genetic characterization of pigeon breeds and provide a foundation for developing sustainable genetic improvement and conservation programs of the breeding and selecting racing pigeon breeders.(AU)