RESUMEN
Inflammation and fibrosis are two pathological features of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal fibrosis is considered to be one of the most important conditions, as it may be the result of excessive extracellular matrix protein production and deposition, or prolonged exposure to nephrotoxic substances or drugs. Unfortunately, no suitable therapies or medications are currently available to prevent renal fibrosis. We conducted this study for the evaluation of the protective potential of vanillin by reversing TAA (250 mg/kg TAA for 6 weeks) induced renal injury in rats. The concentrations of the proteins tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) in kidney tissues were assessed using ELISA. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and mothers against decapentaplegic homologue 2, 3 (SMAD 2, 3) expressions were evaluated using real time PCR. We also estimated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) using immunohistochemistry. Treatment with vanillin (100 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated kidney Injury and improved the kidney function. Vanillin treatment also significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and elevated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities in kidney tissues. Vanillin also reduced α-SMA renal expression and TNFα, IL-6, TGF-ß1, and Erk1/2 renal levels. Vanillin significantly decreased the expression of the genes encoding KIM-1 and SMAD 2, 3 and ameliorated histological abnormalities in kidney architecture. Our molecular docking findings showed that vanillin has a good binding mode inside TGF-ß type I receptors (ALK5) biding site.
Asunto(s)
Benzaldehídos , Riñón , Proteínas Smad , Tioacetamida , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1 , Animales , Benzaldehídos/farmacología , Fibrosis , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ratas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Tioacetamida/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tioacetamida/toxicidad , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most leading cause of mortality worldwide. Changes in diet can reduce subclinical cardiac injury and inflammation in parallel with reductions of other CVD risk factors. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of the DASH diet versus usual healthy dietary advice (HDA) on the estimated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS: It was a prospective interventional nonrandomized controlled study, conducted on 92 participants attending Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, Cairo University. The participants were assigned to 2 dietary groups, the DASH and HDA groups, for 12 weeks. All subjects were subjected to anthropometric measurement, assessment of lipid profile, and the estimated cardiovascular risk pre-and post-intervention. RESULTS: The estimated cardiovascular risk was reduced significantly in both the DASH and HDA groups, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the risk reduction. By comparing the percent change between pre and post-intervention in both DASH and HDA groups, the following are the results: BMI dropped by 6.5% versus 2.5%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 6.9% and 4.1%, fasting blood sugar dropped by 5.5% and 3.1%, total cholesterol dropped by 5.2% and 3.1%, LDL dropped by 8.2%, and 3.1%, and HDL increased by 8.2% and 2.4%, in DASH and HDA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both the DASH diet and HDA are associated with improvement in CVD risk factors. Although better risk factors decline with the DASH diet, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups.