RESUMEN
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of 209 congeners listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Stockholm Convention. Although there has been a lot of focus on those congeners present in the Aroclor or Clophen technical mixtures commercialized in the past (legacy PCBs), other industrial processes such as paint and pigment production can generate other congeners as byproducts (Unintentionally Produced PCBs or UP-PCBs). The present study focuses on the analysis of 72 PCB congeners (including 42 UP-PCBs) in the two major rivers surrounding the city of Barcelona -Llobregat and Besós rivers-, and their levels in two wastewater treatment plants during the production of effluents and reclaimed water. It was observed that WWTP can efficiently remove PCBs from untreated water during sludge production where concentrations are six orders of magnitude higher than in water (in the ng g-1 and pg L-1 ranges, respectively). Although PCB levels in the effluent and reclaimed water replenishing the rivers are not negligible, these do not significantly increase the concentrations already found in the studied rivers, and in most cases PCB concentrations in river water are reduced after merging with the reclaimed water due to dilution effect. The presence of UP-PCB-11 (not present in the Aroclor technical mixtures) in the analyzed water and sludge samples is significant (ranging from 22 to 25 % of the total PCB amount in the Besós river), being often one of the most abundant PCB congeners.
RESUMEN
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Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Iatrogénica/epidemiología , Cuero Cabelludo , Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Cabello , Cabello/patología , Enfermedades del Cabello/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Cabello/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Cabello/diagnóstico , Color del Cabello , Cabello/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Cabello/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
We determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in persons in 2 rural communities in southeastern Bolivia and the presence of HEV in human and swine fecal samples. HEV seroprevalence was 6.3%, and HEV genotype 3 strains with high sequence homology were detected.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis E/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bolivia/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Heces/virología , Genotipo , Hepatitis E/veterinaria , Hepatitis E/virología , Virus de la Hepatitis E/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/inmunología , Humanos , Lactante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , ARN Viral/análisis , Población Rural , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
La Sarcoidosis es una enfermedad multisistémica que se caracteriza histológicamente por existencia de granulomas epiteliodes sin necrosis caseosa. Laafectación cutánea aparece en un 20-35% de los pacientes con sarcoidosis sistémica pero también puede aparecer como única manifestación de laenfermedad. Describimos un paciente afecto de sarcoidosis cutánea sin afectación sistémica. Las lesiones cutáneas no respondieron tras varios tratamientostópicos y sistémicos y finalmente respondieron a metotrexato. Revisamos las diferentes opciones en el tratamiento de la sarcoidosis cutánea (AU)
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder characterized histollogically by epithelioid granulomas without caseating necrosis. Cutaneous involvementoccurs in 20-35% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis and may occur without systemic involvement. A patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis, withoutsystemic involvement is reported. Cutaneous lesions do not responsive to various forms of topical and systemic treatment and finally were responsiveto metotrexate. We review treatment options for cutaneous sarcoidosis (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Sarcoidosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Granuloma/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Movement disorders induced by central nervous system trauma are well recognized. The relation between peripheral injury and the subsequent development of movement disorders has been documented in many reports, specially dystonia and tremor. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these movement disorders are not well understood. CASE REPORTS: We report a group of seven patients with movement disorders induced by peripheral trauma. The inclusion criteria used for the patients were: the trauma was well documented for the patient and the medical history, and the onset of the movement disorder was anatomically and temporally related to the injury. We describe seven patients presenting respectively oromandibular dystonia, radicular myoclonus, tremor, segmental dystonia, lower limbs dystonia, segmental myoclonus and tremor, of the body parts previously exposed to traumatic injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Individual predisposition and central changes with pathological reorganization in response to peripheral injury have been considered in the pathogenesis of peripherally induced movements disorders.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central , Trastornos del Movimiento , Adulto , Sistema Nervioso Central/lesiones , Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Sistema Nervioso Central/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Movimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Movimiento/patología , Trastornos del Movimiento/fisiopatología , Nervios Periféricos/patología , Nervios Periféricos/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introducción. Los movimientos involuntarios desencadenados por lesiones en el sistema nervioso central están bien reconocidos. La relación entre lesión o traumatismos periféricos y movimientos involuntarios, fundamentalmente distonía y temblor, se ha documentado en numerosos trabajos. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos no están aún bien definidos. Casos clínicos. Se presenta una serie de siete pacientes con movimientos involuntarios inducidos por traumatismo periférico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron traumatismo o lesión bien documentados por el paciente y el historial clínico, y una clara relación anatómica y temporal entre la lesión periférica y el movimiento involuntario. Los pacientes desarrollaron, respectivamente, distonía oromandibular, mioclonías radiculares, temblor, distonía segmentaria, distonía en las extremidades inferiores, mioclonías segmentarias y temblor, tras haber sufrido algún tipo de lesión o traumatismo periférico. Conclusión. Una predisposición individual y cambios en la plasticidad neuronal en el sistema nervioso central, inducidos por el traumatismo periférico, podrían ser el sustrato fisiopatológico de este tipo de movimientos involuntarios (AU)
Introduction. Movement disorders induced by central nervous system trauma are well recognized. The relation between peripheral injury and the subsequent development of movement disorders has been documented in many reports, specially dystonia and tremor. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these movement disorders are not well understood. Case reports. We report a group of seven patients with movement disorders induced by peripheral trauma. The inclusion criteria used for the patients were: the trauma was well documented for the patient and the medical history, and the onset of the movement disorder was anatomically and temporally related to the injury. We describe seven patients presentingrespectively oromandibular dystonia, radicular myoclonus, tremor, segmental dystonia, lower limbs dystonia, segmental myoclonus and tremor, of the body parts previously exposed to traumatic injuries. Conclusions. Individual predisposition and central changes with pathological reorganization in response to peripheral injury have been considered in the pathogenesis of peripherally induced movements disorders (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Discinesias/etiología , Trastornos del Movimiento/fisiopatología , Traumatismos del Sistema Nervioso/complicaciones , Sistema Nervioso Periférico/lesiones , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
"Pulsatile" administration of levodopa has been invocated a relevant factor for motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied dopaminergic sensitivity to apomorphine in 10 parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations. Patients were tested as follows: the minimal effective dose of apomorphine (MED-1) was administered in the morning to induce an on response. Fifteen minutes after this motor response had disappeared, an apomorphine infusion was initiated and maintained to ensure on periods of three different durations on different days. Infusion lasted for approximately 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Subsequently, the infusion was stopped, and after 15 minutes in the off state, a second bolus of apomorphine (MED-2) was given. The mean infusion doses were 49.2 +/- 5.4, 108.4 +/- 10.3, and 150 +/- 8.2 mg. These elicited on periods of 48.2 +/- 4.1, 110 +/- 4.5, and 195 +/- 3.8 minutes. The MED-2 elicited on responses with a duration of 30 +/- 4.5, 18.4 +/- 3.2, and 11.2 +/- 4.1 minutes. The duration of the on response induced by the apomorphine infusions correlated inversely (P < 0.01) with the on induced by the MED-2 of apomorphine. Our findings indicate that a continuous dopaminergic stimulus may induce pharmacodynamic changes associated with tolerance in PD patients.