RESUMEN
In the search for new methods of pest control, the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) is being explored. Because the gut is the first barrier for the uptake of double-stranded (ds)RNA, pyrosequencing of the gut transcriptome is a powerful tool for obtaining the necessary sequences for specific dsRNA-mediated pest control. In the present study, a dataset representing the gut transcriptome of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was generated and analysed for the presence of RNAi-related genes. Almost all selected genes that were implicated in silencing efficiency at different levels in the RNAi pathway (core machinery, associated intracellular factors, dsRNA uptake, antiviral RNAi, nucleases), which uses different types of small RNA (small interfering RNA, microRNA and piwi-RNA), were expressed in the CPB gut. Although the database is of lower quality, the majority of the RNAi genes are also found to be present in the gut transcriptome of the tobacco hornworm [TH; Manduca sexta (19 out of 35 genes analysed)]. The high quality of the CPB transcriptome database will lay the foundation for future gene expression and functional studies regarding the gut and RNAi.
Asunto(s)
Escarabajos/genética , Interferencia de ARN , Transcriptoma , Animales , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Expresión Génica , Manduca/genética , Filogenia , ARN Bicatenario , ARN Interferente PequeñoRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of the study was to measure the number of eosinophils per high-power field (eos/HPF) according to age, organs, and clinical symptoms and to compare the results to histological characteristics of the upper digestive tract mucosa in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic prospective assessment of 284 esophagus, 342 antrum, 453 corpus, and 167 duodenum biopsies was carried out in 316 girls and 366 boys referred for endoscopy (median age 9 months), eos/HPF, and histological analysis. RESULTS: Counts (mean-max SD) were as follows: esophagus 1.73 to 50 eos/HPF (5.35), antrum 3.27 to 40 (4.7), corpus 2.11 to 38 (3.76), and duodenum 4.80 to 46 (7.7). Counts >15 eos/HPF were found in 2.8% esophagi, 3.5% corpora, 4.9% antra, and 10.7% duodena. Duodenal eos/HPF were significantly higher than those of esophageal, corporeal, and antral. Mucosal eos/HPF increased with age in esophagus and antrum. The highest esophageal eos/HPF were significantly associated with recurrent abdominal pain, and with anemia in antrum, corpus, and duodenum. Major and/or minor histological features of eosinophilic esophagitis were seen in 9 of 10 esophagi with 5 to 15 eos/HPF and 7 of 8 esophagi with >15 eos/HPF. Eosinophils per high-power field were significantly correlated with histological antral and corporeal gastric inflammation. Helicobacter pylori-positive children had higher eosinophils per high-power field than H pylori negative ones both in esophagus and in antrum. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that in a western European country mucosal hypereosinophilia is rare. Mucosal eosinophil counts increase from esophagus to duodenum, and also with age in esophagus and antrum. The highest eos/HPF in the esophagus are associated with recurrent abdominal pain and in the corpus, antrum, and duodenum with anemia. Features of eosinophilic esophagitis are rare but detectable in association with counts as low as 6 eos/HPF.
Asunto(s)
Eosinófilos/patología , Esófago/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Helicobacter pylori , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Dolor Abdominal/complicaciones , Dolor Abdominal/patología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Anemia/complicaciones , Anemia/patología , Recuento de Células , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Duodeno/patología , Eosinofilia/complicaciones , Eosinofilia/patología , Esofagitis Eosinofílica/complicaciones , Esofagitis Eosinofílica/patología , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Gastritis/complicaciones , Gastritis/patología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Estómago/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the vaccine coverage of Prevenar(®), follow its evolution since its universal recommendation from 2006 and search the influence of certain socio-economic factors. METHOD: A prospective descriptive study by a questionnaire enrolled the first 250 children born after 2001 and aged more than 2 months admitted at our hospital emergency room with their health record. RESULTS: 77.11% of children from any age merged received the first dose of Prevenar(®); 89.51% of those less than 24 months versus 60.38% of those more than 24 months, p<0.0001. The follow-up by a paediatrician and the high mother educational level influenced positively the vaccination by Prevenar(®). CONCLUSION: Prevenar(®) vaccine coverage evolved well since its universal recommendation achieving a 89.51% rate for the first dose. The chase of a brought closer follow-up seems important to assess the impact of this new vaccine strategy.
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Hospitales Urbanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Vacunas Neumococicas , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Escolaridad , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Francia , Vacuna Neumocócica Conjugada Heptavalente , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Lactante , Masculino , Ocupaciones , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud UrbanaAsunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/inmunología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/inmunología , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/inmunología , Mycoplasma pneumoniae/inmunología , Neumonía Bacteriana/epidemiología , Neumonía Bacteriana/inmunología , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/epidemiología , Neumonía por Mycoplasma/inmunología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Masculino , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Beneficial effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during non invasive ventilation (NIV) has been reported in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, but no study has analyzed the predictors of its failure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of NIV and to determine NIV failure criteria. POPULATION AND METHODS: All infants hospitalized in one PICU with presumed RSV infection between 2002 and 2006 were prospectively included. When respiratory support was needed, NIV was first started according to a pre-established protocol. RESULTS: One hundred and one infants, 43 females, 58 males, median age 49 days (range: 10-334), median weight 3.9 kg (range: 2,4-12) were included. RSV infection was confirmed in 84/101. Sixty-seven infants were transported by the paediatric medical transport system, 27 with NIV and 15 with invasive ventilation (IV). Fifteen infants were in IV at admission, 69 received NIV during their PICU stay (12 secondarily requiring IV) and 17 were never ventilated. A significant decrease in PCO2 with increase in pH was observed within 2 hours of NIV. Parameters associated with NIV failure were apneas, high values of admission PCO2 and H24 PRISM score. The 17 non-ventilated infants were older and had a lower severity score than those who were ventilated. CONCLUSION: In infants with RSV and needing respiratory support, NIV represented the sole method of respiratory support in 68% of cases. NIV failure criteria were apneas, high values of admission PCO2 and H24 PRISM score.