RESUMEN
Epigenetics is defined as a heritable change occurring in gene expression and phenotype without altering the underlying primary DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic variation consists of DNA methylation repatterning, posttranslational modification of histone proteins, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Epigenetic modifications are deeply involved in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Epigenetic abnormalities can be therapeutically reversed, and three families of epigenetic marks, including "readers", "writers" and "erasers", could be modulated by epi drugs. Over the past decade, ten small-molecule epi drugs (e.g., inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases) have been approved by FDA or CFDA for the treatment of different cancers. Epigenetics therapy has been most effective in oncology and has become an attractive area in cancer treatment. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a set of multifactorial diseases of progressive cardiopulmonary disorder. WHO classifies PH into five groups based on similar pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, haemodynamic characteristics, therapeutic management, and underlying etiology. Since PH shows many similarities with cancer, such as proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes, the current epigenetics therapeutic strategies used in cancer might be considered for the treatment of PH. The role of epigenetics in the setting of PH is a fast-growing field of research. In this review, we have summarized the up-to-date articles on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the context of PH. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight from the epigenetics perspective and introduce the potential role of approved epi drugs in PH treatment.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión Pulmonar , Neoplasias , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión Pulmonar/genética , Epigénesis Genética , Metilación de ADN , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Histonas/metabolismoRESUMEN
To investigate the chemical constituents of Saussurea deltoidea, 10 compounds were isolated from the title plant by various chromatography methods such as silica gel, RP-18 silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, HPLC, et al. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Five isoprenoids and Five phenylpropanoids were isolated and elucidated as (3R, 6R, 7E) -3-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-9-one (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E) -5, 6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), 3-hydroxy-beta-damascone (3), S-(+) -dehydrovomifoliol (4), megastigman-5-ene-3beta, 9R-diol (5), coniferaldehyde (6), beta-hydroxypropiovanillone (7), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) -1-propanone (8), dihydrosyringenin (9), 4-[(1S) -3-hydroxy-1-methoxypropyl]-2, 6-dimenthoxyphenol (10). All the compounds were isolated from S. deltoidea for the first time.
Asunto(s)
Saussurea , Química , TerpenosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla and their cytotoxicities on cancer cell lines.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Compound cytotoxicity was assessed by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were obtained from Me2CO-H2O (70%) extract of the fruit of A. oxyphylla and their structures were identified as: (9E)-humulene-2, 3; 6, 7-diepoxide (1), 3(12), 7(13), 9(E)-humulatriene-2, 6-diol (2), (-)-oplopanone (3), yakuchinone A (4), yakuchinone B (5), tectochrysin (6), isovanillin (7), (2E, 4E)-6-hydroxy-2, 6-dimethylhepta-2, 4-dienal (8), and the cytotoxicities of compounds 1, 3-5 on cancer cell lines, A549, HT-29 and SGC-7901, were also investigated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3, 7, 8 were isolated for the first time from this genus and compounds 1, 3-5 exhibited no cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines at a concentration of 10 mg x L(-1).</p>