RESUMEN
Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a soft tissue malignancy most often found in the extremities of young adults; when these tumors arise in the head and neck area, they usually appear in the orbit or the tongue. Their initial behavior is relatively indolent, but over time a sizable number of these tumors recur locally and metastasize; as such, they are best regarded as fully malignant neoplasms. The derivation of these tumors remains uncertain: while some have suggested that these are tumors of muscle origin and others have postulated a neuroendocrine origin, the evidence accumulated to date is conflicting, and so these neoplasms continue to be regarded as tumors of uncertain origin. Surgical excision is the mainstay of therapy.
Asunto(s)
Sarcoma de Parte Blanda Alveolar/patología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Adulto , Biopsia , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Sarcoma de Parte Blanda Alveolar/cirugía , Lengua/patología , Lengua/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Lengua/cirugíaRESUMEN
Among the more puzzling non-neoplastic necrotizing lesions of the head and neck area is Wegener's granulomatosis. This is a condition of unknown cause that may present (in the head and neck area) with ulceration of the nasal septum, sinus mucosa, oral mucosa, or external ear canal, or even destruction of the vocal cord. Diagnosis depends on the pathologic finding of a characteristic inflammatory reaction pattern (which, in its best-developed form, includes necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis) and the serum finding of an elevated antinuclear cytoplasmic antigen. Treatment is principally medical, with the use of powerful immunosuppressive agents. Distinction from other conditions that may mimic Wegener's granulomatosis (such as malignant lymphoma and infections) is of critical importance in constructing an appropriate treatment strategy.
Asunto(s)
Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Biopsia , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Granuloma Letal de la Línea Media/diagnóstico , Granuloma Letal de la Línea Media/tratamiento farmacológico , Granuloma Letal de la Línea Media/patología , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Granulomatosis con Poliangitis/patología , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Necrosis , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Otorrinolaringológicas/patologíaRESUMEN
Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck region are a common problem for the otolaryngologist; surgeons are obliged to draw together disparate lines of evidence-from physical examination, pathology, and radiology-to plan optimal therapy for their patients. This article explores some of the ways in which pathologic analysis of a biopsy specimen in the past (determination of extent of invasion and degree of differentiation), present (including an analysis of the pattern of infiltration and the tumor' s DNA content), and, perhaps, the future (possibilities including cytogenetics and analysis of discrete steps in the cell cycle) plays a role in this process.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patología , Biopsia , Southern Blotting , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Citogenética , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/terapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Mapeo Nucleótido , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , PronósticoRESUMEN
The stability of two new immunosuppressants, tacrolimus and cyclosporin G (CsG), was evaluated in whole blood following incubation of patient specimens at ambient temperature or 4 degrees C for time periods of 2 (48 h) and 7 days (168 h) after collection. No decrease in CsG concentrations was noted over a 7-day period for specimens stored at either ambient temperature or 4 degrees C. For tacrolimus, the concentrations of drug in whole blood stored at ambient temperature for 7 days had a slight downward trend. At 7 days, the ratio of tacrolimus concentrations to day zero concentrations ranged from 0.86 to 1.15, with a mean decrease of 5%. However, these changes are within the published precision characteristics of the tacrolimus immunoassay. Evaluation of a smaller group of whole blood specimens provided evidence of adequate stability of these two drugs over a 13-day period.