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Triple-negative breast cancer,which lacks estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,accounts for about 15％-20％ of breast cancers,and is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype.It displays poor prognosis from traditional therapies,therefore,there is an urgent need to find new treatments.This paper mainly describes the characteristics of protein and gene expression,such as PIM1,MYC,CDK4,TGF-β,TP53,MYOF,FOSB,MENA,and the latest research of therapeutic approaches of triplenegative breast cancer about PARP,PI3K/Akt/mTOR,EGFR,Hedgehog,Met,etc..
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Objective To discuss the prevention and treatment of the complications of modified radical mastectomy with nipple-areola complex (NAC) sparing. Methods The clinical data of 124 breast cancer patients who had a NAC sparing modified radical mastectomy from January 1998 to December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The causes of complications were evaluated and the proposal of prevention and treatment was put forward. Results Of the 124 patients, 18 had nipple necrosis (14.52%), 9 had skin infections and necrosis (7.26%), 7 subcutaneous hydrops(5.65%), 5 upper extremity lymphedema (4.03%), 3 chest muscle contracture with ipsilateral upper limb dyskinesia (2.42%), and 2 operative residual cavity hemorrhage(1.61%). Conclusion All the post-operative complications listed above could be possibly avoided by more careful operation procedure.
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Purpose:To invastigate the changes of the related signaling pathways and it's mechanism of reguation of mitogen activated protein kinase cascade(MAPK) by SUM149 cells induced plasmid of dominant-negative E-cadherin mutant H-2k~d-E-cadherin.Methods:Using western blot method,we examined the signal pathway of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) between the dominant-negative mutant E-cadherin transfected SUM149 cells and controls.Results:Compared with the controls,the phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase P44/42 expresion of the SUM149 cells which expressed higher dominant-negative mutant E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated.Conclusions:In this cell line model,the down-regulation of P44/42 may involve the regulation of MMPs.