RESUMEN
Gambia is the smallest country in West Africa and it has contributed to the academic world over the past decades. This study characterized document type, language, publication trend, subject category, international collaboration of Gambia publications during 1900-2016 based on Science Citation Index Expanded in Web of Science. Results showed that Gambia is highly reliant on foreign and international collaboration in research, especially with the UK and USA. International collaboration was responsible for the increasing scientific production and scientific impact of Gambia over the years. Medical Research Council (MRC) contributed the most Gambia publications, and played an important role in conducting international collaboration. Most of Gambia publications focused on tropical medicine, environmental and occupational public health, immunology and infectious diseases. Gambia has attracted increasing attention from the academic world, with improving scientific production and scientific impact, signalling more prestige in the scientific community. With the information and insights provided in this paper, we managed to obtain a quick overview of Gambia publications that can help make strategic decisions for researchers and governors of scientific research.
Gambia es el país más pequeño de África occidental, pero ha contribuido con el mundo académico en las décadas pasadas. Este estudio caracteriza tipos de documentos, idioma, tendencias de publicación, temas y colaboración internacional de las publicaciones de Gambia entre 1900 y 2016, con base en el Science Citation Index Expanded en Web of Science. Los resultados indican que Gambia depende en gran medida de la colaboración internacional para publicar, principalmente del Reino Unido y EE.UU. Esta colaboración explica el aumento de la producción científica y el impacto científico de Gambia en los últimos años. El Medical Research Council (MRC) publicó el mayor número de artículos y ha cumplido una función importante en la colaboración internacional. La mayoría de publicaciones de Gambia se enfocan en medicina tropical, salud pública ambiental y ocupacional, inmunología y enfermedades contagiosas. Con la información y las observaciones de este artículo obtenemos una rápida visión general de las publicaciones de Gambia, que puede ayudar a investigadores y administradores a tomar decisiones estratégicas.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To disclose the relationships between the anatomic features of cardiac myxomas and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels. METHODS: Twelve patients undergoing cardiac myxoma resection at The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University were enrolled into this study. Pre- and postoperative IL-6 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and correlations between cardiac myxoma dimension or volume and plasma IL-6 levels were analyzed. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly decreased one month after cardiac myxoma resection in comparison to preoperative values. IL-6 and CRP levels did not differ between patients with a cardiac myxoma of irregular appearance and those with a myxoma of regular gross appearance, or between patients with a pedicled or a sessile myxoma. Decrement of IL-6 of patients with irregular cardiac myxomas was much higher than that of patients with regular ones, while no intergroup difference was noted in decrement of CRP. A close direct correlation was noted between IL-6 levels and maximal dimension (length) or volume of cardiac myxomas, whereas CRP levels only correlated with maximal dimension of cardiac myxomas. CONCLUSION: Anatomic features of cardiac myxomas (sessile, irregular appearance, maximal dimension, and volume) could be determinants of the patients' circulating IL-6 levels. IL-6 was likely to be a more sensitive biomarker than CRP in predicting the inflammatory status of patients with cardiac myxoma. Sessile and irregular cardiac myxomas might predict more severe inflammatory conditions for their more abundant endothelial cells and IL-6 overproduction.
Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Neoplasias Cardíacas/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Mixoma/sangre , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mixoma/patología , Mixoma/cirugía , Periodo Posoperatorio , Periodo Preoperatorio , Valores de Referencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Abstract Objective: To disclose the relationships between the anatomic features of cardiac myxomas and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Methods: Twelve patients undergoing cardiac myxoma resection at The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University were enrolled into this study. Pre- and postoperative IL-6 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and correlations between cardiac myxoma dimension or volume and plasma IL-6 levels were analyzed. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also evaluated. Results: IL-6 and CRP levels were significantly decreased one month after cardiac myxoma resection in comparison to preoperative values. IL-6 and CRP levels did not differ between patients with a cardiac myxoma of irregular appearance and those with a myxoma of regular gross appearance, or between patients with a pedicled or a sessile myxoma. Decrement of IL-6 of patients with irregular cardiac myxomas was much higher than that of patients with regular ones, while no intergroup difference was noted in decrement of CRP. A close direct correlation was noted between IL-6 levels and maximal dimension (length) or volume of cardiac myxomas, whereas CRP levels only correlated with maximal dimension of cardiac myxomas. Conclusion: Anatomic features of cardiac myxomas (sessile, irregular appearance, maximal dimension, and volume) could be determinants of the patients' circulating IL-6 levels. IL-6 was likely to be a more sensitive biomarker than CRP in predicting the inflammatory status of patients with cardiac myxoma. Sessile and irregular cardiac myxomas might predict more severe inflammatory conditions for their more abundant endothelial cells and IL-6 overproduction.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Interleucina-6/sangre , Neoplasias Cardíacas/sangre , Mixoma/sangre , Periodo Posoperatorio , Valores de Referencia , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carga Tumoral , Periodo Preoperatorio , Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirugía , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patología , Mixoma/cirugía , Mixoma/patologíaRESUMEN
Resumen Camerún es uno de los seis países de África Central con más de 20 millones de habitantes. Para caracterizar el desempeño de la investigación de Camerún, las publicaciones de los Camerúnes en el Science Citation Index Expanded durante el período de 1936-2015, indexadas en la base de datos Thomson Reuters SCI-EXPANDED, fueron estudiadas en este trabajo. Todos los documentos de ese período con Camerún en el campo de dirección fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se analizaron el tipo de documento, el idioma, la tendencia y las colaboraciones, así como el resultado de diferentes categorías de temas. También se analizaron las interpretaciones de los países, instituciones y autores, incluyendo el total, único, colaborativo, primer autor, y publicaciones de autor correspondientes. Los artículos fueron analizados por la producción científica y los resultados de investigación de individuos, instituciones y países colaborativos con Camerún. Los análisis incluyeron 8 457 artículos (85 % de 10 591 publicaciones de Camerún). Estos análisis bibliométricos de las publicaciones camerunesas aportaron ideas interesantes sobre autores, instituciones y modelos de colaboración. Los resultados mostraron que la investigación en Camerún era altamente dependiente de colaboraciones extranjeras, y la colaboración internacional fue responsable del creciente número de publicaciones a lo largo de los años. Se encontró que los artículos con autores primarios o autores correspondientes de fuera de Camerún obtuvieron más citas que los otros y que los artículos sin ninguna colaboración internacional tenían citas más bajas. El número de artículos indexados por SCI-EXPANDED ha mostrado un aumento en términos de artículos cameruneses que es considerablemente mayor que el aumento en el número de todos los artículos en SCI-EXPANDED. Los artículos eran más frecuentes que otros tipos de publicación y en su mayor parte en inglés. La Universidad de Yaundé I ocupó el primer lugar en artículos de colaboración interinstitucional, el rango de los artículos de colaboración interinstitucional y el rango de los artículos del primer autor y los artículos de autores correspondientes. La Universidad de Yaundé I también estuvo en una posición de liderazgo absoluta desde 1970 hasta 2015, seguida muy de lejos por las otras instituciones. Las categorías de medicina tropical, ciencias vegetales, salud pública ambiental y ocupacional, y enfermedades infecciosas, representaron el mayor número de artículos publicados. Aunque la física y la química dominaron el ranking de los 20 mejores autores cameruneses, un artículo independiente de matemáticas fue el más citado, con 60 citas en 2015 a un autor camerunés. Los tres principales investigadores productivos fueron: T. C. Kofane, B. T. Ngadjui, P. Woafo, todos de la Universidad de Yaundé I. Francia y Estados Unidos dominaron el ranking de países con una fuerte colaboración científica con Camerún.
Abstract Cameroon is one of the six countries of Central Africa with more than 20 000 000 residents. To characterize the Cameroon research performance, Cameroonians publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded during the period of 1936-2015, indexed in the Thomson Reuters SCI-EXPANDED database, were studied in this work. All documents of that period with Cameroon in the address field were included in the study. The document type, language, trend and collaborations were analyzed, as well as the output of different subject categories. Performances of countries, institutions and authors, including total, single, collaborative, first author, and corresponding author publications were also analyzed. Articles were analyzed by the scientific output and research performances of individuals, institutions and collaborative countries with Cameroon. Analyses included 8 457 articles (85 % of 10 591 Cameroonian publications). These bibliometric analyses of Cameroonian publications provided interesting insights concerning authors, institutions and collaboration patterns. Results showed that research in Cameroon was highly dependent on foreign collaborations, and the international collaboration was responsible for the increasing number of publications over the years. It was found that the articles with either first authors or corresponding authors from outside Cameroon got more citations than the others, and that the articles without any international collaboration had lower citations. The number of articles indexed by SCIEXPANDED has seen an increase in terms of Cameroonian articles that is considerably greater that the increase in number of all articles in SCI-EXPANDED. Articles were more frequent than other types of publication and they were mostly in English. The University of Yaoundé I ranked top one in inter-institutionally collaborative articles, the rank of the total inter-institutionally collaborative articles, and the rank of first author articles and corresponding author articles. The University of Yaoundé I also was in an absolute leading position from 1970s to 2015, followed far away by the other institutions. The categories of tropical medicine, plant sciences, environmental and occupational public health, and infectious diseases, represented the largest number of published articles. Even though physics and chemistry dominated the ranking of the top 20 best Cameroonian authors, an independent mathematics article was the most cited, with 60 citations in 2015 to a Cameroonian author. The top three productive researchers were T. C. Kofane, B. T. Ngadjui, P. Woafo, all from University of Yaoundé I. France and the USA dominated the ranking of countries with strong scientific collaboration with Cameroon.