RESUMEN
In the past two decades, average litter size (ALS) in Entlebucher Mountain dogs decreased by approximately 0.8 puppies. We conducted a GWAS for ALS using the single-step methodology to take advantage of 1632 pedigree records, 892 phenotypes and 372 genotypes (173 662 markers) for which only 12% of the dogs had both phenotypes and genotypes available. Our analysis revealed associations towards the growth differentiation factor 9 gene (GDF9), which is known to regulate oocyte maturation. The trait heritability was estimated at 43.1%, from which approximately 15% was accountable by the GDF9 locus alone. Therefore, markers flanking GDF9 explained approximately 6.5% of the variance in ALS. Analysis of WGSs revealed two missense substitutions in GDF9, one of which (g.11:21147009G>A) affected a highly conserved nucleotide in vertebrates. The derived allele A was validated in 111 dogs and shown to be associated with decreased ALS (-0.75 ± 0.22 puppies per litter). The variant was further predicted to cause a proline to serine substitution. The affected residue was immediately followed by a six-residue deletion that is fixed in the canine species but absent in non-canids. We further confirmed that the deletion is prevalent in the Canidae family by sequencing three species of wild canids. Since canids uniquely ovulate oocytes at the prophase stage of the first meiotic division, requiring maturation in the oviduct, we conjecture that the amino acid substitution and the six-residue deletion of GDF9 may serve as a model for insights into the dynamics of oocyte maturation in canids.
Asunto(s)
Perros/genética , Factor 9 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/genética , Tamaño de la Camada/genética , Mutación Missense , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Cruzamiento , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética/veterinaria , Genotipo , Masculino , Linaje , FenotipoRESUMEN
Os autores utilizam cloridrato de morfina em dose de 3 mg diluidos em 10 ml de solucao salina isotonica, por injecao peridural em 35 pacientes submetidas a cirurgia pelvica, em periodo algico pos-operatorio.Houve analgesia significativa (p < 0,001), com inicio em tempo medio de 15 minutos, apos a injecao e duracao media de 24 horas com deambulacao observada ate 4 horas apos a cirurgia, sem qualquer ocorrencia de depressao respiratoria tardia. A forca expiratoria, avaliada pelo volume expiratorio maximo e capacidade vital forcada mostrou-se significativamente aumentada (P < 0,001) apos a injecao peridural de morfina Os autores contra-indicam o metodo se houver puncao acidental da dura-mater