RESUMEN

To study the protective effect of Danshen Tongluo capsule on rat hearts in the myocardial infarction (MI) model. After being fed with high fat diets for one month, the SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group and the model group according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). The MI model group was duplicated by ligating coronary artery and then divided into five groups: the model group, the positive control group (model + captopril), the small dose group (model + Danshen Tongluo), the medium dose group (model + Danshen Tongluo) and the high dose group (model + Danshen Tongluo). Four weeks later, changes in myocardium ultra-structure were observed by hemodynamics, cardiac ultrasound and electron microscope. The results showed: (1) All doses of Danshen Tongluo capsule could significantly reduce the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P <0.01), increase the maximum internal pressure of the left ventricle (+ dp/dtmax), and lower the drop rate of left ventricular pressure (- dp/dtmax), with statistical significances in medium and high dose groups; (2) The B ultrasound results showed increase in EF and left ventricular shortening fraction (FS) in all dose groups of Danshen Tongluo capsule; (3) The medium dose group showed significant decrease in myocardial infarction index (P <0.01) and injured and fractured myofilament and sarcomere of ischemic myocardium in myocardial ultra-structure; All of Danshen Tongluo capsule-treated groups revealed reduction in myocardial injury and myocardial infraction area. The study preliminarily proves that Danshen Tongluo capsule can improve hemodynamic function, and has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia.

Asunto(s)

Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Cápsulas , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and anti-depression mechanisms of Kaixin Jieyu Decoction (, KJD). METHODS: The rat vascular depression (VD) model was established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (LBCCA) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, VD model, VD + high-dose KJD [15.4 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], VD + medium-dose KJD [7.7 g/(kg·d) of crude drug], and VD + fluoxetine [2.4 mg/(kg·d)] groups (n=8 in each group), and the treatments lasted for 21 days. Changes of behavior and hippocampus pathology were observed. The level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and mRNA in hippocampus was detected respectively by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, rats in model group showed a variety of behavioral obstacles, including a significant reduction in sucrose consumption percentage, horizontal and vertical activity scores in open-field tests (P<0.05 or P<0.01), pathological damage like neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and a significant decrease of GFAP protein and mRNA in hippocampus (P<0.01); compared with the model group, rats in the high-dose KJD group, medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group obtained notable higher behavioral scores, and pathological injury lessened in hippocampus with a increased expression of GFAP protein and mRNA P<0.05 or P<0.01); compared with the medium-dose KJD group and fluoxetine group, GFAP mRNA in high-dose KJD group expressed higer (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LBCCA combined with CUMS may cause depression-like behavioral changes resulting in the VD model of rats whose depression state can be ameliorated by KJD, and the mechanism of cerebral protection is related possibly with promoting expression of GFAP in hippocampus.

Asunto(s)

Conducta Animal , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Animales , Depresión/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/genética , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Temperatura de Transición

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of Kaixin Jieyu Decoction (, KJD) by investigating the effects of KJD on behavior, monoamine neurotransmitter levels, and serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype expression in the brain in a rat model of depression. METHODS: The rat depression model was established using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, depression model (CUMS), CUMS+KJD (7.7 g/kg(-1)·d(-1) of crude drug), and CUMS+fluoxetine (2.4 mg/kg(-1)·d(-1)) groups (n=12 in each group), and the treatments lasted for 21 days. We regularly evaluated body weight, sucrose consumption, and horizontal and vertical activity scores in open-field tests. The content of the monoamine neurotransmitters 5-HT, norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and the DA metabolite homovanillic acid in the cerebral cortex, and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, were determined respectively by high-performance liquid chromatography-coularray electrochemical detector and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, CUMS rats showed a variety of depression-like behavioral changes, including a significant reduction in body weight, sucrose consumption, and horizontal and vertical activity scores in open-field tests (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and a significant decrease in 5-HT and NE levels and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression. In contrast, they showed a significant increase in 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression was lower whereas 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression was higher than in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Treatment with KJD or fluoxetine partially attenuated these changes (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: KJD could normalize the levels of 5-HT and NE and adjust the balance of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor expression in rat cerebrum, and this may be one of mechanisms of antidepressant effects of KJD.

Asunto(s)

Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Monoaminas Biogénicas/metabolismo , Depresión/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Animales , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Serotonina/clasificación

RESUMEN

The pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated recurrent oral ulcerations (AIDS-ROU) remained obscure and these was no specific treatment for it. Syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) focus on integral regulation and has an advantage of the disease that etiology and pathogenesis remain obscure. A draft of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment standard procedure for AIDS-ROU was established by literature retrieval and peer review. Two questionnaires were carried out to investigate the confirmation and advice of in-group specialist to key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment and nursing. Then the procedures were revised accordingly. The preliminary results showed the recovery rate of complete questionnaires in the 1st survey was 96%. Specialists confirmed more on outline, case history and physical examinations, syndrome differentiation of hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency syndrome (HFYDS), treatment of heat accumulated in heart and spleen syndrome (HAHSS) and HFYDS, treatment of western medicine and nursing. They held different opinions on incidence, treatment of deficiency of spleen-QI and stomach-QI syndrome (DSSS) and criterion of therapeutical evaluation. Cronbach coefficient alpha (CCA) was 0.998 and split-half reliability R was 0.91. Recovery rate of complete questionnaires in 2nd survey was 100%. Specialists confirmed more on outline, etiology and pathogenesis, case history and physical examination, auxiliary examination, diagnostic criteria, syndrome differentiation and treatment of HAHSS and HFYDS. They held different opinions on syndrome differentiation and treatment of intermingled cold and heat syndrome and DSSS, nursing and the other therapies. CCA was 0.428 and split-half reliability R was 0.96. Coefficient of variations of the 2nd survey were less than those of the 1st survey, which mean coordination was improved. Each single item in two surveys contributed less difference in overall results according to weight coefficients. A new revision of the procedure was preliminarily established according to results of two surveys. Experts'activeness, concentration and coordination were good in two surveys. They had reached consensus in key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment and nursing on the whole.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Úlceras Bucales/diagnóstico , Úlceras Bucales/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Consenso , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina Tradicional China/normas , Úlceras Bucales/complicaciones , Recurrencia , Estándares de Referencia

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To norm the behavior of AIDS cough in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment and improve the clinical level of cough treatment for HIV/AIDS, and build AIDS cough diagnosis and treatment procedures in traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD: Combined with clinical practice,to formulate questionnaire on AIDS cough in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment by both English and Chinese literature research to expertise consultation and verify the results of the questionnaires on the statistics using the Delphi method. RESULT: Questionnaire contents consist of overview, pathogeny, diagnosis standard, dialectical medication (phlegm heat resistance pulmonary lung and kidney Yin deficiency lung spleen-deficiency), treating spleen-deficiency (lung), moxibustion treatment and aftercare care and diet and mental, average (2.93-3.00), full mark rate (93.10%-100%) ranks average (9.91-10.67) and (287.50-309.50) of which are the most high value, and the variation coefficient is 0.00, the Kendall coefficient (Kendalls W) is 0.049 which is statistical significance, the questionnaire reliability value of alpha was 0.788. CONCLUSION: Preliminary standarded concept, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and syndrome differentiation treatment of AIDS cough, basically recognised by the experts in this field, and laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment on develop the AIDS cough specifications.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Tos/diagnóstico , Tos/terapia , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Tos/complicaciones , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional China/normas , Estándares de Referencia

RESUMEN

According to HIV/AIDS being infectious and have a very long period of incubation, leading to immune system weakened and infected easily, we summarized its pathmechanism including Yuan Qi deficiency (vigour deficiency)and constraint (Qi depression,blood stagnancy, phlegm coagulation, poison accumulation), consequently treatment principle were raised--cultivates the Yuan and clear blockage. From viscera and Qi, blood, Yin and Yang perspective, we elaborate corresponding clinical application method and train of thought, that cultivating the Yuan method means tonify Qi firstly which emphasizes on the spleen and the kidney; Clear blockage method contains relieving liver for smooth Qi, invigorating spleen to remove phlem, promoting blood circulation and detoxification. In addition, cultivating the Yuan and clear blockage should cooperate closely based on traditional Chinese medicine diffrentiation, tonify deficiency should not used individually and vice verse.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/etiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/terapia , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Qi , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/inmunología , Humanos , Estilo de Vida

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To establish Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment standard procedure for patients with HIV associated pruritus. METHODS: A Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment standard procedure for patients with HIV associated pruritus was established by literature retrieval and peer review. Two questionnaires were carried out to investigate the confirmation and advice of in-group specialists to key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment and nursing. Then the procedures were revised accordingly. RESULTS: The recovery rate of complete questionnaires in the 1st survey was 96%. Specialists confirmed more on case history and physical examinations, syndrome differentiation of three syndrome types, treatment of blood deficiency wind dryness syndrome (BDWDS) and nursing. They held different opinions on the outlines, auxiliary examinations, treatment of blood heat induced wind evil syndrome (BHWES) and wind cold and dampness accumulation syndrome (WCDAS), of which the coefficient of variations (CVs) was within 0.1603 -0.2473. The procedures were revised and the 2nd survey was launched. The recovery rate of complete questionnaires in the 2nd survey was 100%. Specialists confirmed more on case history and physical examinations, diagnostic criteria, syndrome differentiation of BDWDS and WCDAS, and treatment of BDWDS, of which CVs was 0. All indicated high agreement and good compliance. The CVs of other items were within 0.0638-0.1439, less than those of the 1st survey. The consistency of experts' opinions were somewhat improved. The contribution by one single item showed less difference in assessing the overall results in the two surveys. A new revision of the procedure was preliminarily established according to results of two surveys. CONCLUSIONS: Experts' activeness, concentration, and coordination were good in the two surveys. They had reached consensus in key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment, and nursing.

Asunto(s)

Consenso , Infecciones por VIH/terapia , Medicina Tradicional China/métodos , Prurito/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Humanos , Prurito/etiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnosis and treatment standard operating procedure of Chinese medicine for HIV/AIDS diarrhea and to carry out preliminary assessment. METHODS: Under the guidance of Chinese medical theory, domestic and foreign literatures correlated to the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS diarrhea by Chinese medicine were summarized. The specialist questionnaire of clinical diagnosis and treatment standard operating procedures of Chinese medicine for HIV/AIDS diarrhea was designed by focus group discussions, and the national specialist questionnaire survey was carried out twice. RESULTS: The standard operating procedure of clinical diagnosis, treatment, nursing,and therapeutic efficacy assessment of Chinese medicine for HIV/AIDS diarrhea was preliminarily established. CONCLUSIONS: In the regulations, the concepts of the disease and symptoms and their pathogenesis were defined, and the standardization of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment was highlighted. Meanwhile, emphasized were the features of propaganda and education, follow-ups, consecutive diagnosis and treatment outside or inside hospitals.

Asunto(s)

Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Diarrea/diagnóstico , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicina Tradicional China/normas , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Diarrea/etiología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fitoterapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

In order to improve the dissolution and absorption of the water insoluble drug repaglinide, a solid dispersion was developed by solvent method using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) as the hydrophilic carrier for the first time. Studies indicated that both solubility and the dissolution rate of repaglinide were significantly increased in the solid dispersion system compared with that of repaglinide raw material or physical mixtures. The repaglinide solid dispersions with PVP K30 solid state was characterized by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). DSC and XRD studies indicated that repaglinide existed in an amorphous form in the solid dispersion. FT-IR analysis demonstrated the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between repaglinide and PVP K30 in the solid dispersion. In the in situ gastrointestinal perfusion experiment, solid dispersion was shown to remarkably enhance the absorption of repaglinide in stomach and all segments of intestine. In vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats showed that immediate and complete release of repaglinide from the solid dispersion resulted in rapid absorption that significantly increased the bioavailability and the maximum plasma concentration over repaglinide raw material. These results demonstrated PVP K30 was an appropriate carrier for solid dispersion of repaglinide, with increased dissolution and oral absorption.

Asunto(s)

Carbamatos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Piperidinas/química , Povidona/química , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Carbamatos/administración & dosificación , Carbamatos/sangre , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Composición de Medicamentos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipoglucemiantes/sangre , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Masculino , Microscopía de Polarización , Estructura Molecular , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Solubilidad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Difracción de Rayos X

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method of a characteristical chemical fingerprint analysis in combination with simultaneous determination of four bioactive components for species differentiation and quality assessment of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa. METHODS: The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 BDS (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water in a linear gradient elution procedure. The evaporator tube temperature of ELSD was set at 110.5 degrees C with the nebulizing gas flow rate of 3.1 mL/min and the flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min. The column was maintained at 30 degrees C. The injection volume was 20 microL. RESULTS: HPLC methodology for both chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative determination of four active ingredients were validated, respectively. According to the contents of the four ingredients and the chemical fingerprints of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa using principal component analysis, Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa was different from the fake derived from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana. CONCLUSION: The developed HPLC method is exclusive and repetitive for the species identification and quality evaluation of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa.

Asunto(s)

Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Saponinas/análisis , Semillas/química , Ziziphus/química , Contaminación de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Frutas/química , Drogas Ilícitas , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Control de Calidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Triterpenos/análisis , Ziziphus/clasificación , Ácido Betulínico

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To reduce the frequency of administration and improve patient compliance, novel levofloxacin sustained-release capsules with suitable in vitro release profiles and good bioavailability were developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A fluidized bed was used to prepare levofloxacin pellets by spraying the drug solution onto blank pellets. Then the pellets were coated with either Surelease water dispersion or Eudragit® NE30D water dispersion to achieve sustained-release characteristics. The mixed pellets containing 15% of the uncoated pellets and 85% of the coated pellets were filled into the hard gelatin capsules. In vitro release test was performed with the capsules. A single-dose pharmacokinetic study of the capsules was carried out in beagle dogs. RESULTS: Although Eudragit® NE30D-coated pellets and Surelease-coated pellets showed similar sustained-release profiles in vitro, their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics exhibited significant difference. Unsuccessful in vivo-in vitro correlation was shown in Eudragit® NE30D-coated pellets with a relative bioavailability of only 41.5%, whereas Surelease-coated pellets achieved best sustained-release feature both in vitro and in vivo with a relative bioavailability of 103.0%. CONCLUSION: Statistical analysis indicated that the capsules containing Surelease-coated pellets had a satisfactory sustained-release behavior and a desired pharmacokinetic property.

Asunto(s)

Levofloxacino , Ofloxacino/química , Ofloxacino/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cápsulas/química , Celulosa/administración & dosificación , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/farmacocinética , Química Farmacéutica , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Perros , Esquema de Medicación , Implantes de Medicamentos/química , Excipientes/química , Masculino , Ofloxacino/administración & dosificación , Solubilidad , Tecnología Farmacéutica

RESUMEN

This paper presents a dynamic output feedback control with adaptive rotor-imbalance compensation based on an analytical Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model for complex nonlinear magnetic bearing systems with rotor eccentricity. The rotor mass-imbalance effect is considered with a linear in the parameter approximator. Through the robust analysis for disturbance rejection, the control law can be synthesized in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Based on the suggested fuzzy output feedback design, the controller may be much easier to implement than conventional nonlinear controllers. Simulation validations show that the proposed robust fuzzy control law can suppress the rotor imbalance-induced vibration and has excellent capability for high-speed tracking and levitation control.