RESUMEN

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) serves as a major source of protein and oil for humans and animals. Shoot architecture, the spatial arrangement of a plant's above-ground organs, strongly affects crop yield and is therefore a critical agronomic trait. Unlike wheat and rice crops that have greatly benefitted from the Green Revolution, soybean yield has not changed significantly in the past six decades owing to its unique shoot architecture. Soybean is a pod-bearing crop with pods adhered to the nodes, and variation in shoot architecture traits, such as plant height, node number, branch number and number of seeds per pod, directly affects the number of pods and seeds per plant, thereby determining yield. In this review, we summarize the relationship between soybean yield and these major components of shoot architecture. We also describe the latest advances in identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying soybean shoot architecture and discuss possible directions and approaches for breeding new soybean varieties with ideal shoot architecture and improved yield.

RESUMEN

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the combination of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica sinensis (AS) is a classic prescription of tonifying qi and enriching blood. DBD has the functions of hematopoietic, immune enhancement and inflammation inhibition, usually used to treat qi and blood deficiency symptoms. Aim of the study: Cyclophosphamide (CY) can inhibit humoral and cellular immunity, leading to the overall immune disorder of the body, resulting in immunosuppressive (IS). Pre-laboratory studies confirmed the immunomodulatory effects of DBD, but its mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the main purpose was to determine the effects of DBD on the immune function and intestinal mucosal barrier function of IS mice induced by CY, and initially explored the immunomodulatory mechanism of DBD. Materials and methods: 100 g of AR and 20 g of AS were accurately weighed and 0.5 g/mL of the DBD was obtained by boiling, filtration and rotary evaporation. Then, mice in the DBD group were administered 5 g/kg of DBD by gavage, positive group were administered 40 mg/kg of levamisole hydrochloride, whereas those in the control and model groups were given the corresponding volume of normal saline by gavage for 1 week. At the end of the experiment, blood, spleen, thymus, ileum and cecum contents of all the experimental mice were collected aseptically. IS mouse model induced by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg CY for three consecutive days. Pathomorphology was used to observe the physical barrier of the intestine, flow cytometry to detect splenic lymphocytes, immunohistochemistry to determine the content of intestinal barrier-associated proteins, ELISA to measure the secretion of ileal SIgA, qRT-PCR to detect the mRNA expression of immune-related genes in the intestine, and high-throughput sequencing and analysis of cecum contents. Results: DBD alleviated spleen tissue damage and restored impaired immune functions, such as increased thymus index and CD4+/CD8+ subsets of spleen lymphocytes. In addition, DBD could increase ileum villi length and the ratio of villi length to crypt depth (V/C), and decrease crypt depth. Moreover, DBD administration up-regulated the expression of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, MUC-2 mRNA in ileum. And the secretions of sIgA and ZO-1 in ileum were also significantly improved. Furthermore, the administration of DBD can increase the diversity of gut microbiota, improve the composition of intestinal flora and increase the relative abundance of beneficial genus, such as Bacteroides. Conclusion: DBD alleviated CY-induced immune damage by decreasing the ratio of spleen index to CD4+/CD8+ of T lymphocyte subsets. And the intestinal barrier function of mice was by improves improving the intestinal morphology of the ileum and up-regulating the expression levels of ZO-1, MUC-2 and SIgA. DBD regulates CY-induced gut microbiota dysregulation in mice by increasing species diversity and richness, regulating the phylum, class and order levels of Bacteroidetes.

RESUMEN

This study examines the impact of internet usage on farmer's adoption behavior of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies in China. Based on 1,295 questionnaires in Henan Province, this study constructs a counterfactual analysis framework and used endogenous switching probit model to analyze the effects and pathways of internet usage on farmer's adoption behavior of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies. The results indicate that. (1) The proportion of farmers adopting chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies is 60.15%, while the proportion of farmers not adopting these technologies is 39.85%. (2) Internet usage directly influences farmers' adoption of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies. According to counterfactual assumption analysis, if farmers who currently use the Internet were to stop using it, the probability of them adopting these technologies would decrease by 28.09%. Conversely, for farmers who do not currently use the Internet, if they were to start using it, the probability of them adopting fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies would increase by 40.67%. (3) Internet usage indirectly influences farmers' adoption behavior through mediating pathways of expected benefits and risk perception. In addition, social networks negatively moderate the impact of internet usage on farmers' behavior of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are essential measure for preserving the balance between human well-being and natural ecosystems. The benefit of preserving ecosystems health play a crucial role in promoting the SDGs by providing stable ecosystem services (ESs). However, the ecological health of mountainous cities is vulnerable, with relative low ecological resilience. To investigate the conflict between ecosystems and sustainable development, this study takes the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration as the study area. The major tasks and results in this study include: (1) using the entropy weighting method and the InVEST model, we combined remote sensing, geographic, and statistical data to quantify three types of SDGs (economic, social, environmental) and four ESs (water yield, soil conservation, habitat quality, carbon storage), and establish a localized sustainable development assessment framework that is applicable to the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration. The results show that from 2014 to 2020, the three types of SDGs exhibited an overall upward trend, with the lowest values occurring in 2016. The gap between different counties has narrowed, but significant regional differences still remain, indicating an unbalanced development status quo. Among the 142 counties, water yield and soil conservation values show a consistent downward trend but occupies significant interannual variations, while habitat quality and carbon storage values increases consistently each year. (2) using Spearman's nonparametric correlation analysis and multiscale geographically weighted regression model to explore the temporal variation and spatial heterogeneity of correlations between county ESs and SDGs. The results showed significant heterogeneity in the spatial trade-offs and synergies between ESs and SDGs, with two pairs of synergies weakening, seven pairs of trade-offs increasing, and the strongest negative correlation between Economic Sustainable Development Goals and habitat quality. (3) we applied the self-organizing mapping neural networks to analyze the spatial clustering characteristics of ESs-SDGs. Based on the spatial clustering effects, we divides the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration into four zones, and different zones have different levels of ESs and SDGs. The targeted strategies should be adopted according to local conditions. This work is of great practical importance in maintaining the stability and sustainable development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration ecosystem and provides a scientific reference for the optimal regulation of mountainous cities.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Skin aging involves complex biochemical reactions and has attracted a growing concern recently. For it, there is a great desire to replace the hazardous and easy-recurring "therapy means" with "daily care" based on some natural and healthy ingredients. According to a novel theory called "homology of cosmetic and food", the safety, efficacy and accessibility of food-derived skin-care ingredients offer an attractive option for combating skin aging, which will be an inevitable trend of dermatology in the future. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major trigger of skin aging. It acts on the skin and generates reactive oxygen species, which causing oxidative stress. More, matrix metalloproteinase and melanin levels are also upregulated by the UV-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and tyrosinase, respectively, resulting in collagen degradation and melanin deposition in the extracellular matrix. Through the existing studies, the relevant key biomarkers and biochemical pathways can be effectively controlled by skin-care ingredients from animal-derived and plant-derived foods as well as traditional herbs, thus preserving human skin from UV-induced aging in terms of antioxidant, collagen protection and melanin inhibition. To extend their application potential, some carriers represented by nanoliposomes can facilitate the transdermal absorption of food-derived skin-care ingredients by the variation of molecular weight and lipid solubility. The present review will provide an overview of the trigger mechanisms of skin aging, and focus on the molecular biology aspects of food-derived skin-care ingredients in skin matrix and the critical summarize of their research state.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is a major nosocomial pathogen that exhibits enhanced infectivity due to its robust virulence and biofilm-forming capabilities. In this study, 6-methoxyldihydrochelerythrine chloride (6-MDC) inhibited the growth of exponential-phase VRE and restored VRE's sensitivity to vancomycin. 6-MDC predominantly suppressed the de novo biosynthetic pathway of pyrimidine and purine in VRE by the RNA-Seq analysis, resulting in obstructed DNA synthesis, which subsequently weakened bacterial virulence and impeded intracellular survival. Furthermore, 6-MDC inhibited biofilm formation, eradicated established biofilms, reduced virulence, and enhanced the host immune response to prevent intracellular survival and replication of VRE. Finally, 6-MDC reduced the VRE load in peritoneal fluid and cells significantly in a murine peritoneal infection model. This paper provides insight into the potential antimicrobial target of benzophenanthridine alkaloids for the first time.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Replacement of expensive and rare platinum with metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is hindered by their inferior activity. Herein, we report a highly active iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst by optimizing the carbon structure and coordination environments of Fe-N4 sites. A critical high-temperature treatment with ammonium chloride and ammonium bromide not only enhances the intrinsic activity and density of Fe-N4 sites, but also introduces numerous defects, trace Br ions and creates mesopores in the carbon framework. Notably, surface Br ions significantly improve the interaction between the ionomer and catalyst particles, promoting ionomer infiltration and optimizing the O2 transport and charge transfer at triple-phase boundary. This catalyst delivers a high peak power density of 1.86 W cm-2 and 54 mA cm-2 at 0.9 ViR-free in a H2-O2 fuel cells at 80 °C. Our findings highlight the critical role of interface microenvironment regulation.

RESUMEN

Background: DIP2B is related to cancer progression. This study investigated the roles and pathways of DIP2B in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: DIP2B expression and the relationship between survival time of cancer patients and DIP2B expression were analyzed. The relationship between DIP2B expression and survival time in LUAD patients was evaluated by a meta-analysis. Cox and survival analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic factors and construct a prognostic nomogram. The mechanisms and effects of DIP2B and the relationship between DIP2B expression and the immune microenvironment were investigated using bioinformatics, CCK-8, western blotting, and transwell experiments. Results: DIP2B was overexpressed in LUAD tissues. DIP2B overexpression was associated with shorter prognosis and was an unfavorable risk factor for prognosis in LUAD patients. DIP2B co-expressed genes were involved in cell division, DNA repair, cell cycle, and others. Inhibition of DIP2B expression could downregulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD A549 and H1299 cells, which was related to the decrease in CCND1 and MMP2 protein expression. BRCA1 overexpression was associated with short prognosis, and the nomogram formed by DIP2B and BRCA1 was associated with a poor prognosis in LUAD patients. DIP2B expression correlated with immune cells (such as CD8 T cells, Tcm, and iDCs) and cell markers. Conclusion: DIP2B is a potential biomarker of poor prognosis and the immune microenvironment in LUAD. Inhibition of DIP2B expression downregulated cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which might be related to the decrease in CCND1 and MMP2 protein expression. DIP2B-related nomograms might be useful tools for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients.

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the effects of 12-week weight-bearing dance aerobics (WBDA) on muscle morphology, strength and functional fitness in older women. Methods: This controlled study recruited 37 female participants (66.31y ± 3.83) and divided them into intervention and control groups according to willingness. The intervention group received 90-min WBDA thrice a week for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained normal activities. The groups were then compared by measuring muscle thickness, fiber length and pennation angle by ultrasound, muscle strength using an isokinetic multi-joint module and functional fitness, such as 2-min step test, 30-s chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, TUG and single-legged closed-eyed standing test. The morphology, strength, and functional fitness were compared using ANCOVA or Mann-Whitney U test to study the effects of 12 weeks WBDA. Results: Among all recruited participants, 33 completed all tests. After 12 weeks, the thickness of the vastus intermedius (F = 17.85, P < 0.01) and quadriceps (F = 15.62, P < 0.01) was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group, along with a significant increase in the torque/weight of the knee flexor muscles (F = 4.47, P = 0.04). Similarly, the intervention group revealed a significant improvement in the single-legged closed-eyed standing test (z = -2.16, P = 0.03) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that compared to the non-exercising control group, 12-week WBDA was shown to thicken vastus intermedius, increase muscle strength, and improve physical function in older women. In addition, this study provides a reference exercise program for older women.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

N-nitrosamines are a type of nitrogen-containing organic pollutant with high carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. In the main drinking water sources of small and medium-sized towns in China, the contamination levels of N-nitrosamines remain unclear. In addition, there is still lack of research on the concentration of N-nitrosamines and their precursors in tributary rivers. In this study, eight N-nitrosamines and their formation potentials （FPs） were investigated in the Qingjiang River, which is a primary tributary of the Yangtze River. The sewage discharge sites were also monitored, and the environmental influencing factors, carcinogenic and ecological risks caused by N-nitrosamines, and their precursors were evaluated. The results showed that six N-nitrosamines were detected in water samples of the Qingjiang River, among which NDMA [（10 ±15） ng·L-1], NDEA [（9.3 ±9.3） ng·L-1], and NDBA [（14 ±7.8） ng·L-1] were the dominant N-nitrosamines, whereas seven N-nitrosamines were detected in chloraminated water samples, among which NDMA-FP [（46 ±21） ng·L-1], NDEA-FP [（26 ±8.3） ng·L-1], and NDBA-FP [（22 ±13） ng·L-1] were the dominant N-nitrosamine FPs. The concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the middle reaches of the Qingjiang River were higher than those in the upper and lower reaches. Furthermore, the concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the sample sites of sewage discharge and tributaries were significantly higher than those in other sampling sites. The monitoring results at the direct sewage discharge points indicated that the main source of N-nitrosamines in river water was the sewage carrying N-nitrosamines and their precursors. In addition, the concentrations of the three dominant N-nitrosamines including NDMA, NDBA, and NDEA were positively correlated with each other, mainly because of their similar sewage sources. The average carcinogenic risk to residents due to N-nitrosamine in drinking water sources was 2.4×10-5, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk. Moreover, due to the high concentrations of N-nitrosamine formation potentials in the Qingjiang River, the carcinogenic risk of drinking water may be even higher. The ecological risk assessment showed that the ecological risk quotient values of N-nitrosamines in the Qingjiang River watershed were lower than 0.002, which was negligible.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Machine learning can be used to define subtypes of psychiatric conditions based on shared biological foundations of mental disorders. Here we analyzed cross-sectional brain images from 4,222 individuals with schizophrenia and 7038 healthy subjects pooled across 41 international cohorts from the ENIGMA, non-ENIGMA cohorts and public datasets. Using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, we identify two distinct neurostructural subgroups by mapping the spatial and temporal 'trajectory' of gray matter change in schizophrenia. Subgroup 1 was characterized by an early cortical-predominant loss with enlarged striatum, whereas subgroup 2 displayed an early subcortical-predominant loss in the hippocampus, striatum and other subcortical regions. We confirmed the reproducibility of the two neurostructural subtypes across various sample sites, including Europe, North America and East Asia. This imaging-based taxonomy holds the potential to identify individuals with shared neurobiological attributes, thereby suggesting the viability of redefining existing disorder constructs based on biological factors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In pursuing cheap and effective oxygen reduction catalysts, the Fe/N/C system emerges as a promising candidate. Nevertheless, the structural transformations of starting materials into Fe- and N-doped carbon catalysts remains poorly characterized under pyrolytic conditions. Here, we explore the evolution of Fe species and track the formation of Fe-N4 site development by employing diverse in-situ diagnostic techniques. In-situ heating microscopy reveals the initial formation of FeOx nanoparticles and subsequent internal migration within the carbon matrix, which stops once FeOx is fully reduced. The migration and decomposition of nanoparticles then leads to carbon layer reconstruction. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveals size-dependent behavior of FeOx where nanoparticles below 7 nm readily release Fe atoms to form Fe-N4 while nanoparticles with sizes >10 nm tend to coalesce and impede Fe-N4 site formation. The work visualizes the pyrolysis process of Fe/N/C materials, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of catalysts.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors in China. Microvascular invasion (MVI) often indicates poor prognosis and metastasis in HCC patients. 18F-FDG PET-CT is a new imaging method commonly used to screen for tumor occurrence and evaluate tumor stage. PURPOSE: This study attempted to predict the occurrence of MVI in early-stage HCC through 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and laboratory data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 113 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups based on postoperative pathology: the MVI-positive group and MVI-negative group. We retrospectively analyzed the imaging findings and laboratory data of 113 patients. Imaging findings included tumor size, tumor maximum standard uptake value (SUVmaxT), and normal liver maximum standard uptake value (SUVmaxL). The ratios of SUVmaxT to SUVmaxL (SUVmaxT/L) and an SUVmaxT/L > 2 were defined as active tumor metabolism. The tumor size was indicated by the maximum diameter of the tumor, and a diameter greater than 5 cm was defined as a mass lesion. The laboratory data included the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and the HBeAg level. An AFP concentration > 20 ng/mL was defined as a high AFP level. A HBeAg concentration > 0.03 NCU/mL was defined as HB-positive. RESULTS: The SUVmaxT/L (p = 0.003), AFP level (p = 0.008) and tumor size (p = 0.015) were significantly different between the two groups. Patients with active tumor metabolism, mass lesions and high AFP levels tended to be MVI positive. Binary logistic regression analysis verified that active tumor metabolism (OR = 4.124, 95% CI, 1.566-10.861; p = 0.004) and high AFP levels (OR = 2.702, 95% CI, 1.214-6.021; p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for MVI. The sensitivity of the combination of these two independent risk factors predicting HCC with MVI was 56.9% (29/51), the specificity was 83.9% (52/62) and the accuracy was 71.7% (81/113). CONCLUSION: Active tumor metabolism and high AFP levels can predict the occurrence of MVI in HCC patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Although Ru-based materials are among the outstanding catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the instability issue still haunts them and impedes the widespread application. The instability of Ru-based OER catalysts is generally ascribed to the formation of soluble species through the over-oxidation of Ru and structural decomposition caused by involvement of lattice oxygen. Herein, an effective strategy of selectively activating the lattice oxygen around Ru site is proposed to improve the OER activity and stability. Our synthesized spinel-type electrocatalyst of Ru and Zn co-doped Co3O4 showed an ultralow overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a long-term stability reaching to 100 hours at 10 mA cm-2 for alkaline OER. The experimental results and theoretical simulations demonstrated that the lattice oxygen site jointly connected with the octahedral Ru and tetrahedral Zn atoms became more active than other oxygen sites near Ru atom, which further lowered the reaction energy barriers and avoided generating excessive oxygen vacancies to enhance the structural stability of Ru sites. The findings hope to provide a new perspective to improve the catalytic activity of Ru-incorporated OER catalysts and the stability of lattice-oxygen-mediated mechanism.

RESUMEN

In sixth generation (6G) communications, terahertz (THz) communication is one of the most important technologies in the future due to its ultra-bandwidth, where hybrid beamforming has been widely used to solve the severe transmission attenuation in the THz band. However, the use of frequency-flat phase shifters in hybrid beamforming leads to the beam split effect. To solve the beam split influence, we propose a novel optical true time delay compensation network (OTTDCN)-based phase precoding structure with low power consumption. In the proposed scheme, the OTTDCN pre-generates multiple beam compensation modes to achieve phase compensation for different frequencies. As a result, the compensated beams can be reoriented toward the target direction at different frequencies. Moreover, a low-complexity beam compensation mode-based hybrid precoding algorithm is proposed, where the selection of the optimal beam compensation modes used for all radio-frequency (RF) chains with finite beam compensation modes is considered. The results show that the OTTDCN-based phase precoding scheme can effectively alleviate the beam split effect with low power consumption and achieve near-optimal performance.

RESUMEN

Due to the possibility of blockage during communication, the communication quality may be poor. Therefore, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology can effectively solve this problem. In order to increase the capacity of RIS-assisted wireless communication systems, joint optimization of beamforming design is crucial. However, the complexity of the optimization algorithm increases with the increase in the number of base station antennas and RIS elements deployed. Therefore, we propose a joint low-complexity optimization beamforming design based on fractional programming (FP) to address this issue. Specifically, we first use perfect channel state information to maximize the system's sum rate, as this problem is non-convex, we decompose the original problem into three sub-problems, and then introduce appropriate auxiliary variables. We derive optimal closed-form solutions for active and passive beamforming types, respectively. As the optimal solution obtained leads to higher computational complexity with an increase in the number of base station antennas and RIS elements, we reduce the computational complexity of obtaining the optimal solution based on the Woodbury transformation and scalar transformation. The proposed algorithm is also extended to the case where there is channel state information error. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has certain advantages over other algorithms.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder, but its pathogenesis is still unknown, and its clinical treatment effect is very limited. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)have been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of SCZ, although their actions have not been fully clarified yet. The objective is to examine TRPV1 and ECS expression in the blood of schizophrenia patients and investigate their correlation with disease severity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional investigation. Peripheral blood samples were gathered from normal controls (NC, n=37), as well as individuals with schizophrenia, including first episode (n=30) and recurrent (n=30) cases. We employed western blot and ELISA techniques to quantify TRPV1, cannabinoid receptors 1(CB1), anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and assess the severity of the patient's symptoms by means of the PANSS scale. RESULTS: Compared to NC, TRPV1 levels showed a noticeable decrease in both first episode schizophrenia (f-SCZ group) and recurrent schizophrenia (r-SCZ group) subjects. Additionally, CB1 levels appeared increased in f-SCZ group. Furthermore, 2-AG levels were found to be elevated in both f-SCZ group and r-SCZ group compared to NC, whereas AEA levels were decreased in f-SCZ group but increased in r-SCZ group. Moreover, among schizophrenia patients, TRPV1 demonstrated a negative correlation with negative symptoms. Within r-SCZ subjects, CB1 displayed a negative correlation with relapse number, while 2-AG showed a correlation in the opposite direction. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides initial clinical evidence of changed TRPV1 expression in schizophrenia, potentially linked to negative symptoms. These results suggest a possible dysfunction of TRPV1 and the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which might offer new avenues for medical interventions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice is not only harmful to the growth of plants but also poses a threat to human health. Exposure to Cd triggers unfolded protein response (UPR) within cells, a process that is still not completely understood. The study demonstrated that the lack of OsbZIP39, an essential endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident regulator of the UPR, resulted in decreased Cd intake and reduced Cd levels in the roots, stems, and grains of rice. Upon exposure to Cd stress, GFP-OsbZIP39 translocated from ER to nucleus, initiating UPR. Further investigation revealed that Cd treatment caused changes in sphingolipid levels in the membrane, influencing the localization and activation of OsbZIP39. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-LUC assays were conducted to validate the interaction between activated OsbZIP39 and the promoter of the defensin-like gene OsCAL2, resulting in an increase in its expression. Different variations were identified in the coding region of OsbZIP39, which may explain the varying levels of Cd accumulation observed in the indica and japonica subspecies. Under Cd treatment, OsbZIP39ind exhibited a more significant enhancement in the transcription of OsCAL2 compared to OsbZIP39jap. Our data suggest that OsbZIP39 positively regulates Cd uptake in rice, offering an encouraging objective for the cultivation of low-Cd rice.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Available evidence suggests that dynamic functional connectivity can capture time-varying abnormalities in brain activity in resting-state cerebral functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data and has a natural advantage in uncovering mechanisms of abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Hence, an advanced dynamic brain network analysis model called the temporal brain category graph convolutional network (Temporal-BCGCN) was employed. Firstly, a unique dynamic brain network analysis module, DSF-BrainNet, was designed to construct dynamic synchronization features. Subsequently, a revolutionary graph convolution method, TemporalConv, was proposed based on the synchronous temporal properties of features. Finally, the first modular test tool for abnormal hemispherical lateralization in deep learning based on rs-fMRI data, named CategoryPool, was proposed. This study was validated on COBRE and UCLA datasets and achieved 83.62% and 89.71% average accuracies, respectively, outperforming the baseline model and other state-of-the-art methods. The ablation results also demonstrate the advantages of TemporalConv over the traditional edge feature graph convolution approach and the improvement of CategoryPool over the classical graph pooling approach. Interestingly, this study showed that the lower-order perceptual system and higher-order network regions in the left hemisphere are more severely dysfunctional than in the right hemisphere in SZ, reaffirmings the importance of the left medial superior frontal gyrus in SZ. Our code was available at: https://github.com/swfen/Temporal-BCGCN.

RESUMEN

The ecological damage caused by the accelerated urbanization process has continued to endanger the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau region, and the conflict between economic development and environmental protection has become increasingly critical. It is meaningful to explore the coupling coordination degree (CCD) between urbanization (UZ) and the ecological environment (EE) in the Loess Plateau and the mechanism of its influence to eliminate the locking of the rapid urbanization development paths in ecologically fragile regions, using panel data of 39 cities in the Loess Plateau region from 2010 to 2020. The empirical results have found that the level of UZ shows a fluctuating upward trend while the level of EE fluctuates and decreases. The synthesis CCD is at a barely coordinated level with an apparent upward trend, and the spatial characteristics are represented by "central depression," with low levels in the neighboring cities and high levels in the provincial capital cities. Regarding the driving factors, residents' living, industrial structure, and openness have a favorable impact on CCD, while enhancing the government's regulatory capacity has a negative blocking effect. These findings provide novel insights into the Loess Plateau's regional sustainable development.

Asunto(s)