RESUMEN
Epimedin B(EB)is one of the main flavonoid ingredients present in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.,a traditional herb widely used in China.Our previous study showed that EB was a stronger inducer of melanogenesis and an activator of tyrosinase(TYR).However,the role of EB in melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying the regulation remain unclear.Herein,as an extension to our previous investi-gation,we provide comprehensive evidence of EB-induced pigmentation in vivo and in vitro and eluci-date the melanogenesis mechanism by assessing its effects on the TYR family of proteins(TYRs)in terms of expression,activity,and stability.The results showed that EB increased TYRs expression through microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-mediated p-Akt(referred to as protein kinase B(PKB))/glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)/β-catenin,p-p70 S6 kinase cascades,and protein 38(p38)/mitogen-activated protein(MAP)kinase(MAPK)and extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)/MAPK pathways,after which EB increased the number of melanosomes and promoted their maturation for melanogenesis in melanoma cells and human primary melanocytes/skin tissues.Furthermore,EB exerted repigmentation by stimulating TYR activity in hydroquinone-and N-phenylthiourea-induced TYR inhibitive models,including melanoma cells,zebrafish,and mice.Finally,EB ameliorated monobenzone-induced depigmentation in vitro and in vivo through the enhancement of TYRs stability by inhibiting TYR misfolding,TYR-related protein 1 formation,and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and then by downregulating the ubiquitination and proteolysis processes.These data conclude that EB can target TYRs and alter their expression,activity,and stability,thus stimulating their pigmentation function,which might provide a novel rational strategy for hypopigmentation treatment in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
RESUMEN
The current status and major problems of doctors' working ability archives were investigated.The qualitative interview method was used to explore the establishment of doctors' working ability archives for secondary,tertiary hospitals and community health service centers,as well as for doctors of Chinese and Western medicine.The collection cycle of relevant data and measures to improve accuracy,application value and response were also explored.The aim of establishing the archives of doctors' working ability is to provide reference for evaluation of clinicians accurately,developing a rational incentive system,improving data support and upgrading hospital management level.
RESUMEN
@#To effectively screen treating pigmentation disorders drug, a new transgenic zebrafish drug screening model was constructed. Green fluorescent protein(GFP)were drived by tyrosinase-related protein 1a (tyrp1a)promoter specific expression in melanocyte. Effect of N-Phenylthiourea(PTU)and alpha-melanaocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)on the GFP expression and melanogenic of tyrp1a: eGFP zebrafish were photographed under the steromicroscope. Results showed that PTU could significantly inhibit the melanogenic and expression of GFP of zebrafish. As compared with control group, α-MSH treatment resulted in marked stimulation of body pigmentation and expression of GFP. In conclusion, a new transgenic zebrafish drug screening model was successfully established, which can be used for treating pigmentation disorders.
RESUMEN
In recent years,a considerable number of epidemiological investigations and animal studies have confirmed that metabolic diseases, such as obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, have adverse effects on brain functions,inducing mood disorders and cognition impairment. Brain dysfunctions induced by obesity and related complications are associated with numerous central abnormalities,involving brain shrinkage and neurotrophic function impairment,brain insulin resistance, brain oxidative stress,and brain leptin resistance,as well as dysfunctioned dopamine motivation and the reward system. Moreover,these brain dysfunctions are mediated by several peripheral factors, such as triglycerides/free fatty acids,proinflammatory cytokines,and corticosterone/glucocorticoid. On the other hand,metabolic disturbances correlated with emotional-cognitive disorders are evident,but the mechanisms remain obscure. Because of the drawbacks of animal models, the majority of researches focus on the impact of mental stress on the metabolism of lipid and glucose. The interrela?tionship between metabolic diseases and brain functions has become one of the hot spots for research. In this review,we mainly discussed the potential mechanisms underlying mood disorders and cognition impairment induced by obesity and related complications.
RESUMEN
The purpose was to optimize the vitrification for porcine embryos cryopreservation. Blastocyst/Morula (5-6th day-embryos) were collected from superovulated Bama mini-pigs (sows/gilts). We compared different cryopreservation methods, cryopreservation tools, thining of zona pellucida (ZP) and recipient breeds on the efficiency of porcine embryo cryopreservation. The results showed that: in embryo survival rate and blastocyst cell number, there were no significant differences between cryopreservation method I [embryos were vitrified by two step method with open pulled straw (OPS) and glass micropipette (GMP) in solution 1 (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 10% EG + 10% DMSO) for 3 min, and solution 2 (TCM199 + 20% FBS + 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4 mol/L SUC) for 1 min, stored in liquid nitrogen] and method II[Blastocysts were cultured for 25 min in NCSU23 + 7.5 microg/mL cytochalasin B, centrifuged at approximately 13 000 xg for 12-13 min, and recovered back into pNCSU23. They were then equilibrated for 5 min in 2 mol/L ethylene glycol in pNCSU23, washed quickly in the vitrification medium, 8 mol/L ethylene glycol, 7% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in pNCSU23, loaded into OPS/GMP, and plunged into liquid nitrogen]. GMP vitrification method was more suitable and efficient than OPS method (P < 0.05) in embryo survival rate (83.8% vs 77.6%) and blastocyst cell number (53.1 vs 47.5) after thawing. Thining of ZP did not increase the survival rate, but significantly improved blastocyst cell number in the survival blastcysts (60.1 and 46, P < 0.01). Local pig breeds (Fengjing sows) were more suitable as recipients for embryo transfer of vitrified/warmed blastcysts, which can improve pregnant rate and embryo efficiency.